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A Dança e as Leis do Movimento: uma proposta para o ensino de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23) Pantano Filho, Rubens; Pessanha, Márlon Caetano Ramos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6347223505034848; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4181; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3253980429514948; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8383-8695
In the context of reflections on the teaching of Physics in High School (HS), this dissertation contemplates an educational product that consists of a set of proposals for teaching concepts related to basic Mechanics and the laws associated with them, using Art – particularly Dance – as a support point and motivational element. Thus, we seek to bring together these two areas of knowledge inserted in two fields of knowledge that – apparently – do not present intersections or even approximations. In this way, Science – Physics in particular – is also treated as an element of the broad spectrum of culture, just as other human activities are traditionally considered as such: literature, music, fashion, gastronomy, religion, sport, customs, politics, among others. The work developed presents the studies of João Zanetic as its theoretical reference, from the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Luís Paulo Piassi, also from the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Glen Aikenhead, from the University of Saskatchewan (Canada) and Maria Eduarda Vaz Moniz dos Santos, from the University of Lisbon (Portugal). The proposals if this study include videos of folk, classical, ballroom, contemporary and/or competition dances, as well as images of dancers at specific moments of their performances, all appropriate as elements for discussing some themes of Classical Mechanics. Thus, we develop activities that bring Physics and Dance together and involve the typical physical concepts inherent to the study of movements: reference, displacement, speed, acceleration, force, energy and its conservation, torque and balance. The educational product was applied to three first-year classes of three Technical Courses (Electroelectronics, Computing and Mechanics) Integrated into High School at a federal educational institution in the city of Bragança Paulista, SP. In the activities carried out throughout an academic year, it is possible to observe a good motivation of the students involved in dealing with the topics. Furthermore, the respective evaluation processes also demonstrated an appropriate understanding of the concepts worked on in the application of the product.
Diferença da complacência intracraniana entre homens e mulheres após inclinação negativa da cabeça em indivíduos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23) Michaliski, Eloisa Soares; Zambetta, Rafaella Mendes; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-9337; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-9337; Russo, Thiago Luiz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-3097; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1692816166242343
The NASA has resumed space explorations after half a century, with the crewed mission to Mars being the longest to date. Medical studies aim to improve the travel conditions for selected astronauts, considering that space travel affects vital systems in the human body. Alterations in the central nervous system and visual impairments have been reported, with differences between sexes. Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is a relevant concern during space travel, as the absence of Earth’s gravity increases ICP and intracranial volume, impacting vision, balance, motor coordination, memory, and reasoning. Monitoring ICP is essential to assess human adaptation during space travel, considering these differences. Objective: To identify whether there is a difference in PIC morphology (P2/P1 ratio) between men and women at rest in the supine position and after head-down tilt at -6°. Methodology: 42 healthy and active individuals of both sexes, aged 25 to 45 years, who met eligibility criteria, were included. Blood tests and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing were performed, followed by non-invasive PIC monitoring in three positions: pre-tilt, tilt, and post-tilt. Statistical analysis: Normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and homogeneity (Levene) tests were applied. The Friedman test was used to verify differences in the P2/P1 PIC ratio among supine, -6° tilt, and post-tilt positions, as well as differences between sexes during all three positions. A significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95% were considered for all analyses. Results: In this study, the initial hypothesis that both groups would have an increased P2/P1 ratio after -6° tilt was confirmed, although in different magnitudes. The significant difference in PIC waveform morphology occurred in the male group, observed both in the pre-tilt (p=0.038) and post-tilt (p=0.038) moments, contrary to initial expectations (Figure 3). Additionally, when comparing both groups, the tilt moment did not show significant differences (p=0.292). Conclusion: No significant differences were found within the female (p=1.000) and male (p=1.000) groups, but the comparison between female and male groups during the supine position and post-tilt at -6° revealed a surprising significant difference in PIC waveform morphology in the male group.
Abordagem metabolômica para a caracterização de diferentes tipos de doenças hepáticas colestáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23) Oliveira, Juliana Magalhães de; Cançado, Eduardo Luiz Rachid; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1244368134480808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1524; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-216X; Oliveira, Regina Vincenzi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609377714413073; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-5957; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5696242147868952; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-8925
Hepatic cholestasis is characterized by the reduction and/or obstruction of bile flow to the duodenum due to hepatocyte dysfunction during the synthesis or secretion of bile, leading to a cycle of pathological consequences. One type of cholestatic liver disease is Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), a recessive autosomal hereditary disease that affects the liver’s secretion, flow, or excretion of bile salts. This can lead to increased hepatotoxicity due to high concentrations of bile salts, causing liver damage. Late diagnosis of PFIC3 is common as it can only be unequivocally diagnosed through genetic tests. Therefore, alternative diagnostic methods that allow rapid diagnosis through blood or urine are attractive and necessary. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) and Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases triggered by a genetic predisposition. In PBC, inflammation occurs in the intrahepatic bile ducts, while in PSC, inflammation occurs in the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, which can damage liver cells and cause progressive fibrosis deposition. PBC and PSC, if not treated, can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. In Brazil, around 58.6% of patients with PSC have inflammatory bowel disease and are at risk of developing colorectal cancer. Chapter I aimed to understand better the pathological mechanisms underlying PBC through untargeted metabolomics analyses on plasma and urine samples from individuals diagnosed with PBC (n=30) and a control group of healthy individuals (HC; n=20). For this, liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used, and the data were processed using multi- and univariate statistical methods. The results showed that 47 plasma metabolites and 46 urine metabolites showed statistically significant differences between PBC and the control group (HC) (p ≤ 0.05). The most important changes were observed in metabolites related to lipid metabolism, such as bile acids, phospholipids, fatty acids, and branched-chain amino acids. These findings indicated a metabolic profile that may aid in identifying new and potential biomarkers and monitoring PBC already being treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Chapter II aimed to perform metabolic discrimination between the different types of cholestasis (PBC, PSC, and PFIC3) in plasma and urine samples from patients undergoing treatment with UDCA. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on LC-HRMS analyses, 134 plasma metabolites, out of which 92 were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.05). Among these, 43 lipid species (bile acids, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and carnitines) were detected, in addition to 30 amino acids, and 7 carbohydrates. Considering the urine samples, 76 metabolites were identified, of which 50 were considered statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.05). The main classes of metabolites discriminating between the different hepatic cholestasis included lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. These results can help distinguish between cholestatic liver diseases, contributing to more accurate diagnoses and promoting personalized medicine. In this way, the identification of these metabolites not only improves the understanding of biochemical alterations correlated with cholestatic liver diseases but also promotes new opportunities in the search for more effective and individualized treatments.
Grafos de grupos e grupos de Baumslag-Solitar generalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23) Tegon, Fernanda; Vendrúscolo, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9311-838X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1894415376447690; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-6894
This dissertation is an introduction to Bass-Serre theory. In low-dimensional topology the use of algebraic strategies is quite common and a very useful tool. In this context, the study of geometric group theory incorporates the main results. Within geometric group theory, Bass-Serre theory is one of the most successful theories developed in low-dimensional topology. In this study, we present the concept of graph of groups, which is strongly related to with the fundamental group of spaces. We study coverings trees, also known as Bass-Serre tree, which are related to coverings of topological spaces and we finish by studying the case of graph of groups where all the groups are infinite cyclic. The groups associated to these graph of groups are called generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups. We finish with a simplification theorem for group graphs in this case.
Eficientes modelos de múltiplas densidades para o aprendizado em grandes conjuntos e fluxo de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23) Batista, Natanael Fabrício Dacioli; Naldi, Murilo Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573662728816861; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-8236; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9165030197419025; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8489-5899
Unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning prove highly beneficial in data-intensive contexts. Density-based hierarchical clustering offers a comprehensive insight into cluster and outlier structures within datasets through density functions. These algorithms establish a hierarchy derived from a minimal spanning tree, where the edges represent the maximum density required for connected data to delineate clusters, contingent upon a minimum object count, denoted as MinPts, within a given neighborhood. CORE-SG, an advanced spanning graph, efficiently generates multiple hierarchical solutions with varying densities, surpassing its predecessors in computational performance. Nonetheless, density-based algorithms necessitate pairwise similarity calculations, resulting in an asymptotic complexity of O(n^2) for datasets containing n objects, rendering them impractical for scenarios involving extensive data volumes. This study introduces hierarchical machine learning models based on density, aiming to alleviate computational costs with the help of Data Bubbles, focusing on clustering and outlier detection. It examines the impact of data summarization on the quality of unsupervised models with multiple densities and the gain in computational performance. The research ensures scalability across various machine learning methods grounded in these models, facilitating the handling of massive data volumes without a significant loss in the resulting quality. We propose the application of the multiple hierarchies method with Data Bubbles in density-based clustering models in data streams. We provide scalability for several machine learning methods based on these models where data is infinite and needs to be processed in real time, in addition to generating better clustering quality.
O lugar da mulher negra na cidade: da marginalização ao encarceramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23) Costa, Micaela Rodrigues da; Carril, Lourdes de Fátima Bezerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328730975862213; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-6880; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4664484561556006
The mass incarceration of women is a pressing concern of our time, disproportionately affecting Black women. This study aims to analyze and contextualize the living conditions of Black women in the city. To achieve this, we interviewed two Black women and one white woman from the eastern zone of São Paulo, shedding light on the debate surrounding Brazil's structural racism, of which incarceration is one manifestation. Through a materialist and dialectical historical analysis, we seek to understand the dynamics that permeate female incarceration while also sharing the life stories of these women.