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Estudo de viabilidade de catálise enzimática por lipases para a hidrólise e síntese de intermediário da indústria de antibióticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Costa, Ana Paula Lima da
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8409673267955210
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-9704
Antibiotics are considered one of the most successful discoveries in the history of medicine. However, the production of these drugs via chemical route generates harmful effluents. Being an intermediate for the enzymatic synthesis of important β-lactam antibiotics, D-phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) is produced using highly toxic reagents, with low product enantioselectivity. Enzymatic processes have emerged as a promising and sustainable alternative for the synthesis of antibiotics and their intermediates, and lipases stand out for catalyzing a variety of reactions. Thus, this work aimed to develop an unprecedented enzymatic route for the synthesis of PMGE from the esterification reaction of the amino acid D-phenylglycine (Phenylglycine-PG) with methanol catalyzed by commercial lipases. The initial study evaluated solvents favorable to PG solubility, however it proved to be poorly soluble in the solvents tested, requiring the addition of 0.5 M hydrochloric acid or ionic liquid to observe any solubility. The specificity of a range of lipases in relation to the hydrolysis activity of PGME was investigated, in order to verify that the lipases evaluated showed good performance in hydrolysis, with the potential to catalyze the reverse reaction (esterification), with emphasis on lipase B from Candida antarctica which yielded higher reaction rate and better substrate affinity based on Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters. A new gas chromatography method was implemented to separate and characterize PGME, whose strategy is little explored in the literature. Different esterification reaction tests were carried out and only with the aid of the liquid chromatography technique coupled to a mass spectrometer (LC/MS) it was possible to prove the synthesis of the ester, which showed low conversions, even so, showing itself to be unprecedented in the literature. There is limited information about the reaction via the enzymatic route o produce PGME, therefore, the study developed could contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this area.
Uma análise dos sistemas de controle interno dos legislativos municipais de cinco capitais brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Santos, Bruno Barbosa de Souza
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9830516594396352
This Master Thesis aims to identify the main aspects of an Internal Control system within the municipal Legislative branch. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the existing regulatory and formatting models within the internal control systems of Municipal Chambers, examining the structures of the teams composing these internal control systems to determine a benchmark value that could be used by other institutions, considering the relationship between public resources allocated to these entities and the number of staff members working in the central internal control unit. To achieve these objectives, a multiple-case study was conducted, selecting the Municipal Chambers of Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Manaus, Goiânia, and Salvador. The selection criterion was based on being the state capitals that received, on average, the highest allocations of Executive Branch funds between 2017 and 2020. Data collection involved documentary analysis, enabling a comprehensive approach to internal control systems in each location. Among the findings, it stands out that Porto Alegre lacks internal control in the Legislative sphere independent of the Executive power, while Manaus faces challenges in complying with the Access to Information Law. Conversely, Goiânia and Salvador have central internal control bodies linked to the Chamber Presidency, and in Rio de Janeiro to the Board of Directors, an institutional arrangement that impacts the autonomy of control bodies. Furthermore, it is argued that creating these bodies through municipal law ensures stability, with Rio de Janeiro being the only one to require specific qualifications for the top position, promoting independence. Based on the studied cases, this study suggests that for every increase of R$ 25,000,000 in the Legislative budget, at least one public servant should be designated to work in the entity's internal control. This measure aims to strengthen internal defense capabilities, as established by the 1988 Federal Constitution for public bodies in fulfilling their institutional mission.
Geogovernança em cidades inteligentes: inovações disruptivas e a ciência cidadã aplicadas à construção da inteligência territorial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Silva, Andréa Oliveira da
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-6505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4381590244041179
In the information age, cities are interconnected not only through transportation networks but also via data networks. Thus, solutions to urban problems are increasingly supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), facilitating better interaction between government and citizens. In smart cities, information plays a crucial role and enables smart governance through open governments, making them more participatory, transparent, democratic, and responsive. Furthermore, it allows for spatial analysis and planning using the Multipurpose Territorial Cadastre (MTC) in conjunction with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). In this context, the research investigates the landscape of geotechnologies and citizen participation applied by the governments of Brazilian capitals and the metropolitan regions of Brasília, Fortaleza, Manaus, São Paulo, and Curitiba. Through exploratory research with quantitative and qualitative analyses, the availability of MTC and collaborative participation on the web was examined. The first part involved identifying cities with active geoportals and evaluating these geoportals based on the existence and accessibility of information, verifying the presence of MTC attributes: (i) cadastral information; (ii) thematic information; and (iii) collaborative interface. The second part analyzed collaborative participation platforms, considering the availability of forms of citizen participation. Established scenarios based on urban information available for government-citizen interaction and ICT-assisted citizen participation provided a basis for understanding the role of territorial intelligence activated by disruptive innovations in smart city governance. The research highlighted advancements in transparency and access to urban information in some Brazilian regions but also revealed significant disparities in the availability of MTCs and geoinformation, especially in the North region. Citizen participation and MTC usage remain limited, underscoring the need to enhance these tools to strengthen geogovernance.
Perfil metabolômico de amostras de pacientes diagnosticados com doença de Wilson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Lopes, Thais de Assis
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Venâncio, Tiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
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Oliveira, Regina Vincenzi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609377714413073
Wilson's Disease (WD) or hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare genetic disorder caused by the ATP7B gene. WD causes the accumulation of copper (Cu) in various body tissues, including the liver, brain, kidneys, and corneas, due to a disorder in Cu metabolism. If left untreated, it can cause liver disease, central nervous system dysfunction, and fatal damage. Early diagnosis of WD is essential to reduce clinical complications. There are no specific biochemical tests for diagnosing WD, but rather a combination of clinical characteristics, including low levels of ceruloplasmin, increased urinary excretion of Cu, high levels of hepatic Cu, and Cu deposits in the cornea. In this study, we used a global metabolomics approach with liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to identify changes in metabolic pathways in plasma and urine samples from individuals with WD compared to healthy individuals (control group). The statistical analysis showed that 98 molecular features were significantly different in urine samples (p ≤ 0.05 and VIP ≥ 1) and 243 molecular features in plasma samples (p ≤ 0.05 and VIP ≥ 1). Out of these, 139 metabolites were putatively annotated and evaluated for changes in biochemical pathways, which are related to arginine biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. These results provide valuable insights into potential pathogenic mechanisms of WD and contribute to discovering biomarkers for rare and neglected diseases. The findings of this study have the potential to aid in developing more accurate diagnoses and treatments for rare and neglected diseases. They also could pave the way for further research on discovering new diagnosis biomarkers.
Pedagogia antirracista junto a uma turma da educação infantil na cidade de São Carlos: processos educativos decorrentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Oliveira, Alessandra Guerra da Silva
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Gonçalves Junior, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-0596
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3671663740851979
We understand children as autonomous, active subjects, protagonists who produce cultures in all the social relationships and practices they experience. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to understand the educational processes resulting from dialogical and anti-racist pedagogical practices, in an intervention based on and for the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations, together with children in a reference Early Childhood Education class in the city of São Carlos, through experiences involving games, games and conversation circles, observing Law 10.639/2003 (Brazil, 2003) which made the Teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian History and Culture mandatory, of the National Curricular Guidelines for the Education of Ethnic- Racial (Brazil, 2004), as well as Resolution CME 005/2009, of the Municipal Education Council of the city of São Carlos (São Carlos, 2009). The study methodology was qualitative, inspired by phenomenology, with the data collection procedure being systematic records of observations in field diaries. When constructing the results, we established the following categories: A) Being more and feeling welcomed in differences; B) Educate and educate yourself in and for the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations; C) Affection, memories and ancestry. We consider that knowing and recognizing oneself in African and Afro-Brazilian history and culture, positive self-esteem, valuing hair, respect for differences, the feeling of ethnic-racial belonging, appreciation and pride in ancestry, were being built in the collective, establishing themselves as educational processes. We highlight that the continuity of anti-racist pedagogical practices, throughout the year, collaborative work (children, family members, teachers), with continued teacher training enhance the actions carried out that seek more humanizing practices and enhance the learning of our children. Joint actions that make us reflect on the importance of a new school and society project, in which the union of all instances and people from different segments is crucial, so that respect and acceptance of differences are present in pedagogical practices, curricula school and public policies.
Status da pesquisa, maturação de frutos e sementes de Physalis peruviana L.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Ferreira, Bianca Sabina Olmedo Monteiro
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Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina
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França, Christiane de Fátima Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0406702644219281
Physalis is a fruit of high commercial interest from Latin America, but still with low production in Brazil, mainly imported from Colombia. Regarding national production, there are still few studies on this species, especially those based on crop science aspects within agroecological principles. Therefore, this research aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis on Physalis sp. to evaluate the quality of seeds, post-harvest, and sensory characteristics of Physalis peruviana L. fruits during maturation. For bibliometric analysis, a search was carried out on the Web of Science only using the word “Physalis”, and the publications were classified into different categories considering six species of physalis, P. peruviana, P . angulata, P. alkekengi, P. ixocarpa, P. minima and P. pubescens. For the seed quality and post-harvest experiments, the fruits were harvested at five harvest points, taking into account the morphological marker calyx color: green, yellow-green, yellow, straw-yellow and straw. After extraction, the seeds from each treatment were evaluated for their physiological potential and health quality. To evaluate the fruits, length and diameter, mass, color, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, mass loss and firmness were evaluated. Studies on physalis indexed in the Web of Science have increased in recent years, with Phytochemistry and Journal of Natural Products being the most relevant journals. The publications have been carried out by researchers from different countries, with emphasis on the United States, China, Brazil, Mexico and Colombia, with the Universidad Nacional de Colombia being the institution with the largest number of publications. P. peruviana was the most researched species in agronomy and food technology. For seed evaluation, the highest seedling emergence and emergence speed were verified in the yellow calyx point. During germination, the points with the highest value were straw-yellow and yellow calyx. The best physalis harvesting point for seed production is with the yellow calyx. In the fruits analysis, the highest value of masses, diameter, height, total soluble solids content and Maturation Index were observed in the most ripe harvest points, and the highest total titratable acidity content and loss of mass in the least ripe points. Fruits harvested with straw calyx tend to lose mass after a period of storage. Therefore, by the quality parameters and ability to maintain characteristics, the ideal harvest point for greater post-harvest use and product durability is the one with a straw-yellow calyx.
Nanofibras biodegradáveis eletrofiadas aplicadas à filtração de ar do SARS-CoV-2 Simulado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Mata, Gustavo Cardoso da
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Oliveira, Wanderley Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5252096748402646
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4356-2508
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
One of the lasting outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic was the production and deposition of plastics. These materials, particularly disposable face masks, end up in the environment, releasing microplastics and other pollutants. Although the pandemic has ended, disposable face masks continue to be essential in healthcare services and major cities to mitigate the effects of increasing air pollution. This study aimed to create a viable alternative to disposable face masks made from non-degradable polymers. It utilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) as natural and biodegradable polymers to produce air filters using the electrospinning technique. Solution properties, such as rheology and conductivity, were investigated using Design of Experiments (DoE), particularly Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to optimize nanofiber production, dimensions, and air filtration capabilities, achieving filtration efficiencies of up to 99%, superior to N95 face masks. Nanostructures present in our electrospun fiber mat, known as spider-nets, were tailored to further enhance the fiber mat properties. Our tests also examined the mechanical properties of the air filters, adjusting their mechanical strength and hydrophobicity, further improving our fibers to withstand higher air filtration velocities. This study has already achieved its main goals, providing a viable and biodegradable alternative to traditional discardable facemasks, complying with regulations worldwide, and contributing to the current trend among scientists to transition to more ecological materials.
As competências gerenciais dos diretores de serviços administrativos das Faculdades de Tecnologia do núcleo regional de administração 10
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Arena, Beatriz
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Ubeda, Cristina Lourenço
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6696784421924024
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-9462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1838954500761935
This research aims to map the important managerial competences for directors of administrative services at the Faculties of Technology of the Regional Center for Administration 10 in carrying out their duties. Managing people based on competences, by valuing human participation in work processes, is an efficient way to improve the quality of services provided by the public sector and, in this process, public managers play a fundamental role, requiring recognition of managerial competences for the development of personnel that provides the best performance of professionals and an alignment of organizational strategies. This also applies to the directors of administrative services of the Technology Faculties of the Regional Administration Center 10 – administered by the Paula Souza Center. Therefore, proposing to deepen the understanding of the topic of managerial competences in the public sector, this research conducted a systematic review of the literature. To map managerial competences, a single case study with a mixed approach (quali-quantitative) was carried out. Data collection was carried out through documentary research, semi-structured interviews with a People Development project coordinator from the Human Resources Unit and an online questionnaire applied to 86% of the administrative services directors of the Regional Administration Center 10. results indicate that (i) the directors attributed a high degree of importance to all 28 competences of the theoretical models studied, with predominance of the competences of the rational goals and human relations models and the public interest factor; that (ii) the mapping of the institution's competences is the result of an interest in adapting to legislation, which made the process time-consuming, as it is conducted informally; and even though (iii) there are competences established only in the evaluation of institutional performance with a very particular configuration. This study contributed with guidelines for mapping the managerial competences of directors of administrative services at a higher education institution in which people management by competency is in its initial stage.
Políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar no portal da Amazônia durante a pandemia de covid-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Oliveira, Ana Paula Rodrigues de
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Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan
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Gervazio, Wagner
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0044300898154040
Family farmers are largely responsible for local food production. They manage their farmes using predominantly family labor, obtaining a large part of their income from this. Public policies are important for the socioeconomic development of these farmers, providing food security, income generation and well-being. In this context, the research developed aimed to analyze the execution of public policies for family farming in the Portal da Amazônia region during the Covid-19 pandemic through a diagnosis using secondary statistical data. The GeoDa software was used for data processing and geoprocessing. According to data from the agricultural census, the vast majority of family farming establishments have access to Pronaf and their main revenues come from agriculture, mainly from animal husbandry and the sale of their products. Regarding economic policies, the amounts executed from Pronaf increased considerably during the Covid-19 pandemic, which probably contributed to the maintenance of these farmers. The PNAE and PAA remained with few variations over the 6 years analyzed. Social policies, unlike what happened in urban areas, were not accessed in greater numbers during the pandemic period by family farmers.
Fenótipo da fragilidade ou sarcopenia de acordo com o EWGSOP2: qual o melhor preditor do risco de morte e incapacidade em pessoas idosas?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Canelada, Aline Fernanda de Souza
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Oliveira, Cesar Messias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6763006996695958
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Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
Introduction: The central component of both frailty and sarcopenia is the decline of neuromuscular function and both conditions have been associated with an increased risk of disability and death. Despite being distinct conditions, frailty and sarcopenia often coexist in older people and both require the assessment of gait speed and grip strength. However, there is a question with regards to which would be better for identifying the risk of disability and mortality. Moreover, it is possible that one of the components of these two constructs could be better than the complete construct at identifying the risk of disability and the different cut-off points for grip strength proposed in the literature could affect the association with the risk of mortality. Objectives: The present theses has two objectives: 1) To compare the frailty phenotype and sarcopenia construct (EWGSOP2) using different cut-off points for defining low strength and identify which is better at identifying the risk of mortality in individuals ≥ 60 years of age over a 14-year follow-up period; and 2) Compare frailty, sarcopenia and their respective components to determine which best identifies the risk of disability on basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL, respectively). Methods: Data were collected on participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing ≥ 60 years of age. A total of 4,597 individuals were considered in the analysis of the risk of mortality, whereas 3,637 and 3,696 individuals without disability on BADL and IADL, respectively, at baseline were considered in the analysis of functional decline. Frailty was defined by the phenotype and sarcopenia was defined based on the EWGSOP2 criteria. In the analysis of mortality, different grip strength cut-off points were used to define low strength (< 36, < 32, < 30, < 27 and < 26 kg for men and < 23, < 21, < 20 and < 16 kg for women). In the analysis of disability, only one cut-off point was used: < 27 kg for men and < 16 kg for women. In both analyses, low skeletal muscle mass index (< 9.36 kg/m2 for men and < 6.73 kg/m2 for women) and low physical performance (gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s) were added to the sarcopenia construct. In the analysis of disability, the complete frailty and sarcopenia constructs were considered as well as each of the respective components analyzed individually. Adjusted Cox models were used for the survival analyses and adjusted Poisson mixed models were used to analyze the incidence of disability in eight years. Results: To identify the risk of death, sarcopenia with a grip strength cut-off point of < 36 kg for men and < 23 kg for women was best (severe sarcopenia: 62%; versus frail: 49%) compared to frailty and other cut-off points to define low strength. With regards to disability, low physical performance (annual risk of 12% on BADL and 14% on IADL) assessed by gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s was as effective as frailty (annual risk of 27% on BADL and 28% on IADL) for the assessment of the incidence of functional decline. Conclusions: The sarcopenia construct using a grip strength cut-off point of < 36 kg for men and < 23 kg for women for the definition of low strength was the best predictor of mortality, whereas the low physical performance component only (gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s) was as effective as the frailty phenotype at identifying functional decline.
Proposta do padrão oficial de classificação do açúcar mascavo: uma perspectiva ontológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Godoy, José Luis Franco de
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Borsatto, Ricardo Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-479X
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Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina
In Brazil, agricultural food products, whether domestic or imported, are regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock through an official classification standard, according to the Federal Law No. 9.972:2000, ensuring consumer quality and safety, preventing fraud or imitation. Instruction Normative No. 47:2018, which classified crystalline and liquid sugars, excluded mascavo sugar, a product considered natural or gourmet and a potential economic source for family agriculture. Through qualitative bibliographic research, ontological analysis, and multivariate statistical analysis, the study aimed to develop a text for technical grounding of an official classification standard, characterizing mascavo sugar into classes and types. Sugarcane juice was defined as the raw material, with industrial and artisanal manufacturing processes, and intended for direct consumption. Quality parameters proposed were a minimum polarization of 84.0 °Z, maximum moisture content of 5.0%, maximum conductimetric ashes of 2.5%, and maximum reducing sugars of 8.0%. The inclusion in legislation of an exclusive class for mascavo sugar of granulated and amorphous types was proposed, which was evaluated and accepted by market agents involved in research, production, and commercialization of the product.
Os sentidos das intervenções de terapeutas ocupacionais em saúde mental na perspectiva do sujeito das ações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Krutli, Renata Luiza dos Santos
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Constantinidis, Teresinha Cid
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4643210072691267
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-3362
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0833035374529109
The usage of activities in the mental health field is not exclusive to occupational therapy; it is an extremely relevant resource in the psychosocial care practice which aims to create inclusive and emancipatory strategies of social participation. Studies show that occupational therapy is strong in its clinical and interdisciplinary work but has difficulties in affirming its own boundaries as a discipline. This work points to the need to better understand the practice of occupational therapy in the field of mental health alongside the subjects of health care actions; to identify how the occupational therapist is included in the lives of these subjects through their narratives; as well as valuing the perspective of these subjects on the processes that are experienced with the professionals. Therefore, this master’s thesis aimed to understand and analyze the life history of occupational therapy subjects in the field of mental health focusing on the meaning of these therapy processes and meetings according to the perspectives of these actors. This is qualitative study conducted using oral history as the method for data collection. The research participants were three attendees of an adult Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS III) in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The data was analyzed in two stages: the first focused on processing the interviews and textual construction following the guidelines of the oral history method; and the second focused on processing the data from the stories and coding them through Content Analysis. From the study of the thematic axis “Processes of care in occupational therapy,” regularities and discursive peculiarities were found and outlined three themes: 1. Life story; 2. Relationship with the CAPS; 3. Encounter with occupational therapy. Through the of themes “Life story” and “Relationship with the CAPS,” a lot was observed about the field of mental health in the Brazilian context and about the unique life trajectory of each participant in relation to the CAPS. The Care Center was described as a space for hospitality, listening, coexistence; but topics related to medical rationality, medicalization and the pathologization of life were brought up. In the theme “Encounter with occupational therapy”, the participants in this research brought the perspective of meeting someone who can take care of them. The meanings conveyed were related to a professional who encourages users to move forward in life, who provokes them, who uses tools to promote inclusion, who is willing to guarantee the subject's accessibility to their group and territory. Through the protagonism of the subjects who met with the occupational therapist, it was possible to understand the subjects' experiences with the occupational therapist and with occupational therapy. The participants in this research brought the perspective of their encounter with occupational therapy through the actions of the occupational therapist and from there it was possible to trace the framework, tools, and outlines of the professional core of occupational therapy that favored these encounters and the care offered to subjects.
O fortalecimento da identidade da mulher negra: caminhos possíveis pela educação e seu impacto em uma perspectiva intergeracional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Dyonisio, Regina de Oliveira
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Braga, Fabiana Marini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103496815216263
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-2752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5226083223187971
Historically, black women have had their lives marked by stereotypes related to their bodies and physical features, sexuality, and servitude. However, it is understood that relationships and ways of living in the world and with people change our identities. In other words, there are possibilities of building identities based on dialogue and respect, capable of valuing diversity and the different ways of being and existing in the world. Thus, by taking a racial and gender perspective and focusing on the issue of schooling, we sought to strengthen the identity of black women, emphasizing the possible paths through education and its impact from an intergenerational perspective. This study is qualitative in nature, based on the communicative methodology conceptualized as a tool that understands reality from a communicative perspective, based on the production of scientific knowledge with social impacts. This methodology is characterized by having transformative potential, since it understands that subjects, through communicative action, can transform social contexts, as configured by the proposal of this research. Data analysis included observation of the transformative and exclusionary elements established by the methodology. Thus, we sought to analyze, through the reports of three participating women, which elements enhance and strengthen the identity of black women, and which elements hinder or devalue their identity, considering the instrumental dimension. Because the participants live in different cities, all meetings took place online, via the Google Meet platform. The results obtained from the reports of the three participating black women indicate that black identity is indeed strengthened in higher education and that this space also allows people to recognize themselves as black and see their blackness as positive, thus establishing the instrumental dimension as fundamental. Another aspect is that access to this environment allows black women to increase their self-esteem and empowerment. Also according to the results, dialogue and equality of differences also emerge as something essential for the valorization and positive construction of black identity, being tools for action in the world. In the intergenerational issue, based on data from the black women who participated, it is clear that access to higher education and the acquisition of education of quality resonates in the contexts in which they are inserted, whether as a model of inspiration for other women to fight for the guarantee of rights and access to education, or as a reference for black children. Finally, the aim was to produce excellent quality knowledge and contribute to the academic and scientific debate.
Estudos físico-químicos do sistema Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3 | NaAlCl4 | Al de uma bateria Na-Al
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Grespan, Giovani Luiz
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Sales, Lucia Helena Mascaro
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D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE SYSTEM Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3 | NaAlCl4 | Al OF A Na-Al BATTERY. The objective of this work was to understand the kinectics of the charge transfer processes at the interface Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3. For this, a complete investigation of the system was necessary, from the manufacture of specific experimental devices for this type of battery, the production and characterization of the fused salt of sodium tetrachloride (NaAlCl4) and the solid electrolyte of Na-β/βʺ-alumina until the understanding of the electrochemical processes that occur at the interfaces of the system: Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) | NaAlCl4(f) | Al. For the investigations, U-shaped electrochemical cells and specific ovens were designed and developed to operate at temperatures between 160 and 320 °C inside a dry box. The NaAlCl4 salt was synthesized in the laboratory from the sublimation of AlCl3 followed by reaction with NaCl at 185 °C, obtaining a yield of 92 %. The NaAlCl4 salt was also obtained from the oxidation of an Al electrode in an electrochemical cell. Both salts were characterized by melting point, X-ray diffratometry and Raman spectroscopy. Voltammetric studies of an Al working electrode in molten NaAlCl4 at 250 °C were carried out, using an Al(s)/AlCl4–(f) reference electrode. Processes associated with the reversible half-reaction Al(s) + 4Cl–(f) ↔ AlCl4–(f) + 3e– and also the half-reaction at 300 mV more positive potentials Al(s) + 7AlCl4–(f) ↔ 4Al2Cl7–(f) + 3e– were observed. Flat solid disks of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) were prepared and characterized at different temperatures by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These discs prepared presented ~80% of the Na-βʺ-alumina phase with an ionic conductivity of 1.7 x 10–2 Ω–1 cm–1 for Na+ ions at 300 °C. The Arrhenius plot obtained for these discs showed a change in slope, indicating a change in the transport mechanism of Na+ ions above and below 188 °C, with values of activation energies, Ea of 0.39 and 0.67 eV, respectively. The Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) discs showed a porosity of ~19 % due to some problems observed in the sintering process. To improve the wettability of Na(f) on the surface of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s), a porous carbon black conductive paint with additives was developed. This paint was applied on the surface of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) with aid of an airbrush, in order to obtain good adhesion. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated topological and compositional homogeneity beyond a thickness of ~50 μm. Using the sodium sessile drop method at 250 °C, contact angles of Na(f) on the surfaces of Na-β/βʺ-alumina without and with the paint coating were determined, obtaining 145° and 38°, respectively. These results demonstrate the good wettability caused by the carbon black-based coating. Finally, studies of the redox processes at the Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina interface were carried out using galvanostatic and voltammetric measurements. The obtained results showed an ohmic behavior due to the resistivity of Na-β/βʺ-alumina. EIS measurements carried out at open circuit potential and between 160 and 320 °C for the interface Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina allowed determining the values of charge-transfer resistance and activation energy at this interface, resulting in 1.37 Ω cm–2 (at 250 °C) and 0.11 eV, respectively. From these results, it was possible to understand the resistive contribution of each interface during the charging and discharging processes of the cell Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) | NaAlCl4(f) | Al.
Anurofauna e cavernas neotropicais: fatores bióticos e abióticos que modulam a ocupação do habitat subterrâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Sperandei, Vinícius da Fontoura
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Vaz-Silva, Willian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3563132489734932
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-5331
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Tejerina-Garro, Francisco Leonardo
Caves form a network of spaces between rocks, ranging from tiny spaces like crevices to large spaces accessible to humans. This environment has unique characteristics compared to the surface, such as the absence of light, energy supply originating from the epigean environment, mild temperature, and relative humidity tending towards saturation. Among vertebrate animals that live inside natural cavities in Brazilian neotropical regions, anurans still form a taxonomic group with limited scientific framework, and their occupation of the environment is still considered accidental or temporary. The objective is to identify the panorama of cave occupation by anurans, conducting a survey of scientific records and using it to compile a species list. From the records, categorical variables of abiotic nature were extracted, discussing the cave conditions that influence the presence of anurans, as well as biological variables related to home range, natural history, and conservation profile of species recorded in caves. Eighteen scientific publications were found over 42 years with records of anurans in caves, totaling 247 independent records. The species list includes 54 records up to the specific epithet (83 morphotypes), with emphasis on the families Leptodactylidae (13 species), Hylidae (12), and Bufonidae (10) as the richest, predominantly recorded in Minas Gerais and São Paulo, in the Atlantic Forest biome and ecotonal zones between the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Cerrado, in carbonate and ferruginous lithology, at entrance zones with presence of water bodies in the cavity. Multivariate analysis for abiotic factors indicates the formation of two clusters: the first formed by caves in the Atlantic Forest biome and Atlantic Forest/Caatinga ecotone, in carbonate and marble lithologies, with altitudinal variation from 23m to 246m, inserted in a matrix with vegetal formations (forest, grassland, and savanna) and presence of endemic anurans. The second cluster for abiotic factors is formed by cavities in ferruginous, quartzitic, and granitic lithologies, with presence of forest landscape matrix, grassland, and rocky outcrops with perennial water; this scenario is inhabited by Bokermannohyla martinsi (restricted to the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region) and Ischnocnema manezinho endemic to Santa Catarina. Categorical variables for biological factors showed groupings with antagonistic characteristics: one group characterized by animals with restricted distribution area, endemics and rare or infrequent in the local herpetological community; diurnal period; cryptic habits; reproduction sites in caves, burrows, or river/stream or forest floor; and "endangered - EN" conservation status according to IUCN. The second group consists of anurans with wide and moderate distribution areas, without endemism and common in the environment; nocturnal animals; arboreal habits; open habitat; reproduction sites in marshes/lakes and river backwaters; without conservation threat status. We also present a previously unreported predation event of an anuran Crossodactylus caramaschii by a fishing spider (Trechaleoides biocellata) inside a cave in São Paulo State, supporting the scientific framework of anuran interaction with the subterranean community.
Densidade de sementes e estabelecimento de plântulas em restauração florestal via semeadura direta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Fernandes, Natiele Stephanie Rubio
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Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de
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Penha, Alessandra dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9799774247477252
The successful establishment of native tree species in forest restoration projects via direct seeding is related to several factors, including the choice of species and seeding densities. This research aims to compare different densities in the establishment of tree species in order to establish an ideal minimum density for forest restoration via direct seeding considering a certain group of forest species. Seven forest species native to the Atlantic Forest in the state of São Paulo were selected: Croton floribundus Spreng, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. colubrina, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose, Copaifera langsdorffii Desf, Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze and Hymenaea courbaril L., which were sown in an experimental area located in the municipality of Taubaté, SP, in the phytogeographic region of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, with four blocks and four sowing density treatments (20, 44, 89 and 178 of the seed mix per 37.5 m2 plot (7.5 m x 5.0 m), with the species grouped into three distinct groups: “very small seeds”, “small seeds” and “medium-large seeds”. The seeds were previously analyzed to determine the germination percentage. The seeds were sown in rows and the seedlings were assessed weekly for emergence and biweekly for height, diameter at ground surface and distance between individuals. One hundred and eighty days after sowing, we found that the number of established seedlings was higher at density four of 178 seeds per plot. With regard to height, there was a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the densities only in the last evaluation period (180 days), with an average of 19.22 cm for the treatment of 44 seeds by installments; 16.05 for the treatment of 89 seeds per plot and 15.32 for the treatment with the highest density. There was no significant difference for the diameter in any period. The species H. courbaril and S. polyphylla had the highest number of established seedlings. M. bimucronata had no emergent individuals. Based on the results, we conclude that the most suitable density within the evaluation of one hundred and eighty days is 44 seeds per plot.
Entre especialização flexível e precarização do trabalho: um estudo de caso, a FATEC Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Romualdo, Taíse de Souza
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3405279241380598
This master's research is conducted by the following question: does the adoption of new forms of functional work organization in Brazilian technological higher education institutions correspond to an innovation, called flexible specialization, or is it a strategy of precarious work? To address this challenge, this work began with a survey, systematization and assessment of the theses on flexible specialization (in the broad context of the Industrial Revolution and the effects of toyotism) and on the recurring theme of precarious work. In the case of the reception of flexible specialization in Brazil, special attention was paid to its host in the 1990s, in a scenario of neoliberal policies and within the scope of the State Administrative Reform, with subsequent highlights of its assimilation in the field of higher education and, in particular, without a superior technological segment. The literature argued that flexible specialization, extremely important in the productive world, can lead to precarious work, when associated with the intensification of human labor. To make it possible to examine this possibility in Brazilian technological education, it was chosen for a case study, analyzing the implementation of FATEC Araraquara, a teaching unit at Centro Paula Souza, whose creation is aligned with the process of expanding technological higher education in the state of São Paulo, as well as the moment when the ethos of public management was inclined towards the routines and language of Management Reform and innovations in work management. The case analysis took into account the guidelines and the initial project, the unit's implementation process, the strategy for occupying technical-administrative loads, the relationship between the number of courses, students, teachers, demands of academic-administrative activity, in comparison with the size of the planned and concrete technical-administrative staff and, finally, with the profile of the work carried out by the workers. In the end, strategies of precarious work were found in the scenario.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos automáticos para determinação fotométrica de alumínio em água potável e etanol em vinhos empregando o processo de multicomutação em análise em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Brandão, Eliel Guimarães
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Reis, Boaventura Freire dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666096952374457
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-5946
The quality of drinking water is crucial for public health, as is the quality of wines for the food industry. Aluminum, which poses health risks such as neurological disorders, has a maximum allowable limit of 200 µg L-1 in drinking water, according to the WHO. The ethanol concentration in table wines, important for their regulation and quality, must be between 8.6 and 14% (v/v). Accurate and efficient analysis methods are essential to ensure consumer safety and compliance with regulatory standards. The study proposes to develop automatic analytical procedures, using flow analysis, to determine aluminum in drinking water and ethanol in wine, aiming to reduce waste and optimize productivity. The system for determining aluminum consists of a fluid propulsion module (minipumps), agitation (flow-batch) and detection system (photometer) with light-emitting diode (LED, λ = 534 nm). To determine ethanol in wines, the system consists of a vapor drag module (purge), fluid propulsion (minipumps) and detection system (photometer) with light-emitting diode (LED, λ = 570 nm). Both systems controlled by an Arduino Due microcontroller, equipped with the necessary interfaces and running software written for this purpose. After selecting the best operating conditions, the effectiveness of the proposals was evaluated: (1) for the determination of aluminum in drinking water, the recovery range was 93 to 128%, linear response in the range of 50 to 400 µg L-1 (R2 = 0.9994); detection limit of 61.29 µg L-1; consumption of chromium azurol S 20 µg per determination, coefficient of variation 1.26%; and analytical frequency of 30 determinations per hour; (2) to determine ethanol, the paired t test was used (n = 8) with tcal = 1.948, with no significant difference with the reference method (densimetry), linear response in the range of 2.5 to 20% (v /v) (R2 = 0.9989); detection limit of 0.0974 µg L-1; K2Cr2O7 consumption 17.65 mg per determination, coefficient of variation 4.14%; and analytical frequency of 60 determinations per hour. Both procedures developed demonstrated that the proposed analytical procedure for determining aluminum in drinking water is effective and meets the requirements of regulatory agencies, such as CONAMA, FUNASA and WHO, which establish a limit of 0.2 mg L-1. Likewise, the method for determining the ethanol content in table wines proved to be valid when compared with the official reference method, proving to be practical and efficient.
Trajetórias de escolarização de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Machado de Paula, Cristiane Aparecida
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Dainez, Débora
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671868444231806
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2034652674317048
The presence of people with disabilities in Higher Education Institutions, which has been gradually established in the Brazilian context, encourages knowledge of the factors that permeated and favored the schooling process in Basic Education. In this sense, the present study had the general objective of investigating the schooling trajectories of two students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) enrolled in an undergraduate course, based on their statements about their school experience. The specific objectives of the research were: Identify the barriers encountered in the school trajectory of young people with ASD from entering Early Childhood Education to completing Basic Education; know the support systems to which students had access throughout their schooling process and which favored the appropriation of school knowledge; examine how concrete living conditions can impact the educational trajectory. The theoretical-methodological framework that underpins the research is the Historical-Cultural Theory of Human Development, with an emphasis on the concept of experience/perejivanie, taken as a unit of analysis in explaining the relationships between subject and social environment in the process of cultural development. Two young students participated in the research, one female and one male, aged between 21 and 22 years old, enrolled and attending an undergraduate course at a Federal Institute. The methodological procedure used to collect data consisted of conducting interviews. Some written records of care given to family members and to the subjects themselves, prepared upon entry into the Higher Education Institution, were used as supporting material. The data was organized into three axes, namely: Support systems and educational supports; barriers and accessibility; diagnoses and their effects on the schooling process. In general, the data show how concrete living conditions affect the school trajectory and point to how the participation of research subjects in school spaces throughout Basic Education, with the appropriation of historically accumulated knowledge, favored entry into Higher Education. They reveal the intense struggle of family members in defense of better access to schooling for their children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It was possible to verify that the factors that favored the academic trajectory of students with ASD in Basic Education refer to: family support; to teaching relationships based on work with knowledge experienced in the school context; to intersectoral relations involving, above all, the education and health sectors. We consider the school experience attributed meaning as a factor that permeated the trajectory of these students from Basic Education to Higher Education. It was also possible to understand how the social situation of development and disability marks the experience and influences the formation of personality.
Entre pressões e desafios: uma análise sobre a relação entre saúde mental e o trabalho de professores da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Salustiano, Olívia Borges
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Pires, Aline Suelen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7416335894549745
The purpose of this research is to examine the subjective and mental health conditions of teachers who work in the basic education system in the city of São Carlos, located in the interior of São Paulo, and to investigate how such conditions are linked to work circumstances and experiences of the school environment. The interest in this topic emerged from the researcher's empirical observations during her internship at the City Hall of São Carlos, in 2022, in the area of People Management, when she noticed a significant number of medical certificates and licenses related to mental health problems, particularly among workers at the Department of Education. Furthermore, on other occasions, during direct interactions with these education professionals, arising from their various internship assignments, it was again found that their complaints often included high levels of stress and emotional overload. The methodological approach essentially consisted of two phases. The first phase involved the application of an online questionnaire, with the aim of measuring the degree of stress perceived in the work environment by teachers regarding various aspects. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews, divided into three parts: 1) interviewee profile, 2) professional experiences and 3) personal life and health, with questions prepared considering the most relevant aspects identified in the questionnaire. The interviews aimed to explore both aspects of the participants' professional and personal lives, analyzing again the issue of stress at work, emotional burden and perceived pressures, in addition to identifying possible health problems related to professional practice in the interviewees' view. It was evidenced that teachers in the municipal basic education network in São Carlos-SP face several challenges in their working conditions that directly affect their mental well-being. Among the main obstacles identified are excessive workload, low payment, lack of valuation of the profession, poor physical structure of the work environment and lack of material resources.