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Anurofauna e cavernas neotropicais: fatores bióticos e abióticos que modulam a ocupação do habitat subterrâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28) Sperandei, Vinícius da Fontoura; Vaz-Silva, Willian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3563132489734932; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-5331; Tejerina-Garro, Francisco Leonardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6719234350740061; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8108; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380291841903835; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-706X
Caves form a network of spaces between rocks, ranging from tiny spaces like crevices to large spaces accessible to humans. This environment has unique characteristics compared to the surface, such as the absence of light, energy supply originating from the epigean environment, mild temperature, and relative humidity tending towards saturation. Among vertebrate animals that live inside natural cavities in Brazilian neotropical regions, anurans still form a taxonomic group with limited scientific framework, and their occupation of the environment is still considered accidental or temporary. The objective is to identify the panorama of cave occupation by anurans, conducting a survey of scientific records and using it to compile a species list. From the records, categorical variables of abiotic nature were extracted, discussing the cave conditions that influence the presence of anurans, as well as biological variables related to home range, natural history, and conservation profile of species recorded in caves. Eighteen scientific publications were found over 42 years with records of anurans in caves, totaling 247 independent records. The species list includes 54 records up to the specific epithet (83 morphotypes), with emphasis on the families Leptodactylidae (13 species), Hylidae (12), and Bufonidae (10) as the richest, predominantly recorded in Minas Gerais and São Paulo, in the Atlantic Forest biome and ecotonal zones between the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Cerrado, in carbonate and ferruginous lithology, at entrance zones with presence of water bodies in the cavity. Multivariate analysis for abiotic factors indicates the formation of two clusters: the first formed by caves in the Atlantic Forest biome and Atlantic Forest/Caatinga ecotone, in carbonate and marble lithologies, with altitudinal variation from 23m to 246m, inserted in a matrix with vegetal formations (forest, grassland, and savanna) and presence of endemic anurans. The second cluster for abiotic factors is formed by cavities in ferruginous, quartzitic, and granitic lithologies, with presence of forest landscape matrix, grassland, and rocky outcrops with perennial water; this scenario is inhabited by Bokermannohyla martinsi (restricted to the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region) and Ischnocnema manezinho endemic to Santa Catarina. Categorical variables for biological factors showed groupings with antagonistic characteristics: one group characterized by animals with restricted distribution area, endemics and rare or infrequent in the local herpetological community; diurnal period; cryptic habits; reproduction sites in caves, burrows, or river/stream or forest floor; and "endangered - EN" conservation status according to IUCN. The second group consists of anurans with wide and moderate distribution areas, without endemism and common in the environment; nocturnal animals; arboreal habits; open habitat; reproduction sites in marshes/lakes and river backwaters; without conservation threat status. We also present a previously unreported predation event of an anuran Crossodactylus caramaschii by a fishing spider (Trechaleoides biocellata) inside a cave in São Paulo State, supporting the scientific framework of anuran interaction with the subterranean community.
Estudos físico-químicos do sistema Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3 | NaAlCl4 | Al de uma bateria Na-Al
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28) Grespan, Giovani Luiz; Sales, Lucia Helena Mascaro; D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097; Bocchi, Nerilso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-9925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8447367139661872; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5734-2049
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE SYSTEM Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3 | NaAlCl4 | Al OF A Na-Al BATTERY. The objective of this work was to understand the kinectics of the charge transfer processes at the interface Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3. For this, a complete investigation of the system was necessary, from the manufacture of specific experimental devices for this type of battery, the production and characterization of the fused salt of sodium tetrachloride (NaAlCl4) and the solid electrolyte of Na-β/βʺ-alumina until the understanding of the electrochemical processes that occur at the interfaces of the system: Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) | NaAlCl4(f) | Al. For the investigations, U-shaped electrochemical cells and specific ovens were designed and developed to operate at temperatures between 160 and 320 °C inside a dry box. The NaAlCl4 salt was synthesized in the laboratory from the sublimation of AlCl3 followed by reaction with NaCl at 185 °C, obtaining a yield of 92 %. The NaAlCl4 salt was also obtained from the oxidation of an Al electrode in an electrochemical cell. Both salts were characterized by melting point, X-ray diffratometry and Raman spectroscopy. Voltammetric studies of an Al working electrode in molten NaAlCl4 at 250 °C were carried out, using an Al(s)/AlCl4–(f) reference electrode. Processes associated with the reversible half-reaction Al(s) + 4Cl–(f) ↔ AlCl4–(f) + 3e– and also the half-reaction at 300 mV more positive potentials Al(s) + 7AlCl4–(f) ↔ 4Al2Cl7–(f) + 3e– were observed. Flat solid disks of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) were prepared and characterized at different temperatures by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These discs prepared presented ~80% of the Na-βʺ-alumina phase with an ionic conductivity of 1.7 x 10–2 Ω–1 cm–1 for Na+ ions at 300 °C. The Arrhenius plot obtained for these discs showed a change in slope, indicating a change in the transport mechanism of Na+ ions above and below 188 °C, with values of activation energies, Ea of 0.39 and 0.67 eV, respectively. The Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) discs showed a porosity of ~19 % due to some problems observed in the sintering process. To improve the wettability of Na(f) on the surface of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s), a porous carbon black conductive paint with additives was developed. This paint was applied on the surface of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) with aid of an airbrush, in order to obtain good adhesion. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated topological and compositional homogeneity beyond a thickness of ~50 μm. Using the sodium sessile drop method at 250 °C, contact angles of Na(f) on the surfaces of Na-β/βʺ-alumina without and with the paint coating were determined, obtaining 145° and 38°, respectively. These results demonstrate the good wettability caused by the carbon black-based coating. Finally, studies of the redox processes at the Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina interface were carried out using galvanostatic and voltammetric measurements. The obtained results showed an ohmic behavior due to the resistivity of Na-β/βʺ-alumina. EIS measurements carried out at open circuit potential and between 160 and 320 °C for the interface Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina allowed determining the values of charge-transfer resistance and activation energy at this interface, resulting in 1.37 Ω cm–2 (at 250 °C) and 0.11 eV, respectively. From these results, it was possible to understand the resistive contribution of each interface during the charging and discharging processes of the cell Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) | NaAlCl4(f) | Al.
Entre especialização flexível e precarização do trabalho: um estudo de caso, a FATEC Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28) Romualdo, Taíse de Souza; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3405279241380598
This master's research is conducted by the following question: does the adoption of new forms of functional work organization in Brazilian technological higher education institutions correspond to an innovation, called flexible specialization, or is it a strategy of precarious work? To address this challenge, this work began with a survey, systematization and assessment of the theses on flexible specialization (in the broad context of the Industrial Revolution and the effects of toyotism) and on the recurring theme of precarious work. In the case of the reception of flexible specialization in Brazil, special attention was paid to its host in the 1990s, in a scenario of neoliberal policies and within the scope of the State Administrative Reform, with subsequent highlights of its assimilation in the field of higher education and, in particular, without a superior technological segment. The literature argued that flexible specialization, extremely important in the productive world, can lead to precarious work, when associated with the intensification of human labor. To make it possible to examine this possibility in Brazilian technological education, it was chosen for a case study, analyzing the implementation of FATEC Araraquara, a teaching unit at Centro Paula Souza, whose creation is aligned with the process of expanding technological higher education in the state of São Paulo, as well as the moment when the ethos of public management was inclined towards the routines and language of Management Reform and innovations in work management. The case analysis took into account the guidelines and the initial project, the unit's implementation process, the strategy for occupying technical-administrative loads, the relationship between the number of courses, students, teachers, demands of academic-administrative activity, in comparison with the size of the planned and concrete technical-administrative staff and, finally, with the profile of the work carried out by the workers. In the end, strategies of precarious work were found in the scenario.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos automáticos para determinação fotométrica de alumínio em água potável e etanol em vinhos empregando o processo de multicomutação em análise em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28) Brandão, Eliel Guimarães; Reis, Boaventura Freire dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666096952374457; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-5946
The quality of drinking water is crucial for public health, as is the quality of wines for the food industry. Aluminum, which poses health risks such as neurological disorders, has a maximum allowable limit of 200 µg L-1 in drinking water, according to the WHO. The ethanol concentration in table wines, important for their regulation and quality, must be between 8.6 and 14% (v/v). Accurate and efficient analysis methods are essential to ensure consumer safety and compliance with regulatory standards. The study proposes to develop automatic analytical procedures, using flow analysis, to determine aluminum in drinking water and ethanol in wine, aiming to reduce waste and optimize productivity. The system for determining aluminum consists of a fluid propulsion module (minipumps), agitation (flow-batch) and detection system (photometer) with light-emitting diode (LED, λ = 534 nm). To determine ethanol in wines, the system consists of a vapor drag module (purge), fluid propulsion (minipumps) and detection system (photometer) with light-emitting diode (LED, λ = 570 nm). Both systems controlled by an Arduino Due microcontroller, equipped with the necessary interfaces and running software written for this purpose. After selecting the best operating conditions, the effectiveness of the proposals was evaluated: (1) for the determination of aluminum in drinking water, the recovery range was 93 to 128%, linear response in the range of 50 to 400 µg L-1 (R2 = 0.9994); detection limit of 61.29 µg L-1; consumption of chromium azurol S 20 µg per determination, coefficient of variation 1.26%; and analytical frequency of 30 determinations per hour; (2) to determine ethanol, the paired t test was used (n = 8) with tcal = 1.948, with no significant difference with the reference method (densimetry), linear response in the range of 2.5 to 20% (v /v) (R2 = 0.9989); detection limit of 0.0974 µg L-1; K2Cr2O7 consumption 17.65 mg per determination, coefficient of variation 4.14%; and analytical frequency of 60 determinations per hour. Both procedures developed demonstrated that the proposed analytical procedure for determining aluminum in drinking water is effective and meets the requirements of regulatory agencies, such as CONAMA, FUNASA and WHO, which establish a limit of 0.2 mg L-1. Likewise, the method for determining the ethanol content in table wines proved to be valid when compared with the official reference method, proving to be practical and efficient.
Entre pressões e desafios: uma análise sobre a relação entre saúde mental e o trabalho de professores da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28) Salustiano, Olívia Borges; Pires, Aline Suelen; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7416335894549745
The purpose of this research is to examine the subjective and mental health conditions of teachers who work in the basic education system in the city of São Carlos, located in the interior of São Paulo, and to investigate how such conditions are linked to work circumstances and experiences of the school environment. The interest in this topic emerged from the researcher's empirical observations during her internship at the City Hall of São Carlos, in 2022, in the area of People Management, when she noticed a significant number of medical certificates and licenses related to mental health problems, particularly among workers at the Department of Education. Furthermore, on other occasions, during direct interactions with these education professionals, arising from their various internship assignments, it was again found that their complaints often included high levels of stress and emotional overload. The methodological approach essentially consisted of two phases. The first phase involved the application of an online questionnaire, with the aim of measuring the degree of stress perceived in the work environment by teachers regarding various aspects. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews, divided into three parts: 1) interviewee profile, 2) professional experiences and 3) personal life and health, with questions prepared considering the most relevant aspects identified in the questionnaire. The interviews aimed to explore both aspects of the participants' professional and personal lives, analyzing again the issue of stress at work, emotional burden and perceived pressures, in addition to identifying possible health problems related to professional practice in the interviewees' view. It was evidenced that teachers in the municipal basic education network in São Carlos-SP face several challenges in their working conditions that directly affect their mental well-being. Among the main obstacles identified are excessive workload, low payment, lack of valuation of the profession, poor physical structure of the work environment and lack of material resources.
Trajetórias de escolarização de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28) Machado de Paula, Cristiane Aparecida; Dainez, Débora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671868444231806; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2034652674317048
The presence of people with disabilities in Higher Education Institutions, which has been gradually established in the Brazilian context, encourages knowledge of the factors that permeated and favored the schooling process in Basic Education. In this sense, the present study had the general objective of investigating the schooling trajectories of two students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) enrolled in an undergraduate course, based on their statements about their school experience. The specific objectives of the research were: Identify the barriers encountered in the school trajectory of young people with ASD from entering Early Childhood Education to completing Basic Education; know the support systems to which students had access throughout their schooling process and which favored the appropriation of school knowledge; examine how concrete living conditions can impact the educational trajectory. The theoretical-methodological framework that underpins the research is the Historical-Cultural Theory of Human Development, with an emphasis on the concept of experience/perejivanie, taken as a unit of analysis in explaining the relationships between subject and social environment in the process of cultural development. Two young students participated in the research, one female and one male, aged between 21 and 22 years old, enrolled and attending an undergraduate course at a Federal Institute. The methodological procedure used to collect data consisted of conducting interviews. Some written records of care given to family members and to the subjects themselves, prepared upon entry into the Higher Education Institution, were used as supporting material. The data was organized into three axes, namely: Support systems and educational supports; barriers and accessibility; diagnoses and their effects on the schooling process. In general, the data show how concrete living conditions affect the school trajectory and point to how the participation of research subjects in school spaces throughout Basic Education, with the appropriation of historically accumulated knowledge, favored entry into Higher Education. They reveal the intense struggle of family members in defense of better access to schooling for their children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It was possible to verify that the factors that favored the academic trajectory of students with ASD in Basic Education refer to: family support; to teaching relationships based on work with knowledge experienced in the school context; to intersectoral relations involving, above all, the education and health sectors. We consider the school experience attributed meaning as a factor that permeated the trajectory of these students from Basic Education to Higher Education. It was also possible to understand how the social situation of development and disability marks the experience and influences the formation of personality.
Densidade de sementes e estabelecimento de plântulas em restauração florestal via semeadura direta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28) Fernandes, Natiele Stephanie Rubio; Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de; Penha, Alessandra dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9799774247477252; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-7809; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-1593; Forti, Victor Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742976162363922; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-3603; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3860580780299306; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-3756
The successful establishment of native tree species in forest restoration projects via direct seeding is related to several factors, including the choice of species and seeding densities. This research aims to compare different densities in the establishment of tree species in order to establish an ideal minimum density for forest restoration via direct seeding considering a certain group of forest species. Seven forest species native to the Atlantic Forest in the state of São Paulo were selected: Croton floribundus Spreng, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. colubrina, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose, Copaifera langsdorffii Desf, Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze and Hymenaea courbaril L., which were sown in an experimental area located in the municipality of Taubaté, SP, in the phytogeographic region of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, with four blocks and four sowing density treatments (20, 44, 89 and 178 of the seed mix per 37.5 m2 plot (7.5 m x 5.0 m), with the species grouped into three distinct groups: “very small seeds”, “small seeds” and “medium-large seeds”. The seeds were previously analyzed to determine the germination percentage. The seeds were sown in rows and the seedlings were assessed weekly for emergence and biweekly for height, diameter at ground surface and distance between individuals. One hundred and eighty days after sowing, we found that the number of established seedlings was higher at density four of 178 seeds per plot. With regard to height, there was a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the densities only in the last evaluation period (180 days), with an average of 19.22 cm for the treatment of 44 seeds by installments; 16.05 for the treatment of 89 seeds per plot and 15.32 for the treatment with the highest density. There was no significant difference for the diameter in any period. The species H. courbaril and S. polyphylla had the highest number of established seedlings. M. bimucronata had no emergent individuals. Based on the results, we conclude that the most suitable density within the evaluation of one hundred and eighty days is 44 seeds per plot.