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Estudos físico-químicos do sistema Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3 | NaAlCl4 | Al de uma bateria Na-Al
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Grespan, Giovani Luiz
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Sales, Lucia Helena Mascaro
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D'Alkaine, Carlos Ventura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699821828310072
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE SYSTEM Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3 | NaAlCl4 | Al OF A Na-Al BATTERY. The objective of this work was to understand the kinectics of the charge transfer processes at the interface Na | Na-β/βʺ-Al2O3. For this, a complete investigation of the system was necessary, from the manufacture of specific experimental devices for this type of battery, the production and characterization of the fused salt of sodium tetrachloride (NaAlCl4) and the solid electrolyte of Na-β/βʺ-alumina until the understanding of the electrochemical processes that occur at the interfaces of the system: Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) | NaAlCl4(f) | Al. For the investigations, U-shaped electrochemical cells and specific ovens were designed and developed to operate at temperatures between 160 and 320 °C inside a dry box. The NaAlCl4 salt was synthesized in the laboratory from the sublimation of AlCl3 followed by reaction with NaCl at 185 °C, obtaining a yield of 92 %. The NaAlCl4 salt was also obtained from the oxidation of an Al electrode in an electrochemical cell. Both salts were characterized by melting point, X-ray diffratometry and Raman spectroscopy. Voltammetric studies of an Al working electrode in molten NaAlCl4 at 250 °C were carried out, using an Al(s)/AlCl4–(f) reference electrode. Processes associated with the reversible half-reaction Al(s) + 4Cl–(f) ↔ AlCl4–(f) + 3e– and also the half-reaction at 300 mV more positive potentials Al(s) + 7AlCl4–(f) ↔ 4Al2Cl7–(f) + 3e– were observed. Flat solid disks of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) were prepared and characterized at different temperatures by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These discs prepared presented ~80% of the Na-βʺ-alumina phase with an ionic conductivity of 1.7 x 10–2 Ω–1 cm–1 for Na+ ions at 300 °C. The Arrhenius plot obtained for these discs showed a change in slope, indicating a change in the transport mechanism of Na+ ions above and below 188 °C, with values of activation energies, Ea of 0.39 and 0.67 eV, respectively. The Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) discs showed a porosity of ~19 % due to some problems observed in the sintering process. To improve the wettability of Na(f) on the surface of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s), a porous carbon black conductive paint with additives was developed. This paint was applied on the surface of Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) with aid of an airbrush, in order to obtain good adhesion. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated topological and compositional homogeneity beyond a thickness of ~50 μm. Using the sodium sessile drop method at 250 °C, contact angles of Na(f) on the surfaces of Na-β/βʺ-alumina without and with the paint coating were determined, obtaining 145° and 38°, respectively. These results demonstrate the good wettability caused by the carbon black-based coating. Finally, studies of the redox processes at the Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina interface were carried out using galvanostatic and voltammetric measurements. The obtained results showed an ohmic behavior due to the resistivity of Na-β/βʺ-alumina. EIS measurements carried out at open circuit potential and between 160 and 320 °C for the interface Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina allowed determining the values of charge-transfer resistance and activation energy at this interface, resulting in 1.37 Ω cm–2 (at 250 °C) and 0.11 eV, respectively. From these results, it was possible to understand the resistive contribution of each interface during the charging and discharging processes of the cell Na(f) | Na-β/βʺ-alumina(s) | NaAlCl4(f) | Al.
Anurofauna e cavernas neotropicais: fatores bióticos e abióticos que modulam a ocupação do habitat subterrâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Sperandei, Vinícius da Fontoura
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Vaz-Silva, Willian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3563132489734932
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-5331
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Tejerina-Garro, Francisco Leonardo
Caves form a network of spaces between rocks, ranging from tiny spaces like crevices to large spaces accessible to humans. This environment has unique characteristics compared to the surface, such as the absence of light, energy supply originating from the epigean environment, mild temperature, and relative humidity tending towards saturation. Among vertebrate animals that live inside natural cavities in Brazilian neotropical regions, anurans still form a taxonomic group with limited scientific framework, and their occupation of the environment is still considered accidental or temporary. The objective is to identify the panorama of cave occupation by anurans, conducting a survey of scientific records and using it to compile a species list. From the records, categorical variables of abiotic nature were extracted, discussing the cave conditions that influence the presence of anurans, as well as biological variables related to home range, natural history, and conservation profile of species recorded in caves. Eighteen scientific publications were found over 42 years with records of anurans in caves, totaling 247 independent records. The species list includes 54 records up to the specific epithet (83 morphotypes), with emphasis on the families Leptodactylidae (13 species), Hylidae (12), and Bufonidae (10) as the richest, predominantly recorded in Minas Gerais and São Paulo, in the Atlantic Forest biome and ecotonal zones between the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Cerrado, in carbonate and ferruginous lithology, at entrance zones with presence of water bodies in the cavity. Multivariate analysis for abiotic factors indicates the formation of two clusters: the first formed by caves in the Atlantic Forest biome and Atlantic Forest/Caatinga ecotone, in carbonate and marble lithologies, with altitudinal variation from 23m to 246m, inserted in a matrix with vegetal formations (forest, grassland, and savanna) and presence of endemic anurans. The second cluster for abiotic factors is formed by cavities in ferruginous, quartzitic, and granitic lithologies, with presence of forest landscape matrix, grassland, and rocky outcrops with perennial water; this scenario is inhabited by Bokermannohyla martinsi (restricted to the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region) and Ischnocnema manezinho endemic to Santa Catarina. Categorical variables for biological factors showed groupings with antagonistic characteristics: one group characterized by animals with restricted distribution area, endemics and rare or infrequent in the local herpetological community; diurnal period; cryptic habits; reproduction sites in caves, burrows, or river/stream or forest floor; and "endangered - EN" conservation status according to IUCN. The second group consists of anurans with wide and moderate distribution areas, without endemism and common in the environment; nocturnal animals; arboreal habits; open habitat; reproduction sites in marshes/lakes and river backwaters; without conservation threat status. We also present a previously unreported predation event of an anuran Crossodactylus caramaschii by a fishing spider (Trechaleoides biocellata) inside a cave in São Paulo State, supporting the scientific framework of anuran interaction with the subterranean community.
Densidade de sementes e estabelecimento de plântulas em restauração florestal via semeadura direta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Fernandes, Natiele Stephanie Rubio
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Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de
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Penha, Alessandra dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9799774247477252
The successful establishment of native tree species in forest restoration projects via direct seeding is related to several factors, including the choice of species and seeding densities. This research aims to compare different densities in the establishment of tree species in order to establish an ideal minimum density for forest restoration via direct seeding considering a certain group of forest species. Seven forest species native to the Atlantic Forest in the state of São Paulo were selected: Croton floribundus Spreng, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. colubrina, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose, Copaifera langsdorffii Desf, Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze and Hymenaea courbaril L., which were sown in an experimental area located in the municipality of Taubaté, SP, in the phytogeographic region of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, with four blocks and four sowing density treatments (20, 44, 89 and 178 of the seed mix per 37.5 m2 plot (7.5 m x 5.0 m), with the species grouped into three distinct groups: “very small seeds”, “small seeds” and “medium-large seeds”. The seeds were previously analyzed to determine the germination percentage. The seeds were sown in rows and the seedlings were assessed weekly for emergence and biweekly for height, diameter at ground surface and distance between individuals. One hundred and eighty days after sowing, we found that the number of established seedlings was higher at density four of 178 seeds per plot. With regard to height, there was a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the densities only in the last evaluation period (180 days), with an average of 19.22 cm for the treatment of 44 seeds by installments; 16.05 for the treatment of 89 seeds per plot and 15.32 for the treatment with the highest density. There was no significant difference for the diameter in any period. The species H. courbaril and S. polyphylla had the highest number of established seedlings. M. bimucronata had no emergent individuals. Based on the results, we conclude that the most suitable density within the evaluation of one hundred and eighty days is 44 seeds per plot.
Entre especialização flexível e precarização do trabalho: um estudo de caso, a FATEC Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Romualdo, Taíse de Souza
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3405279241380598
This master's research is conducted by the following question: does the adoption of new forms of functional work organization in Brazilian technological higher education institutions correspond to an innovation, called flexible specialization, or is it a strategy of precarious work? To address this challenge, this work began with a survey, systematization and assessment of the theses on flexible specialization (in the broad context of the Industrial Revolution and the effects of toyotism) and on the recurring theme of precarious work. In the case of the reception of flexible specialization in Brazil, special attention was paid to its host in the 1990s, in a scenario of neoliberal policies and within the scope of the State Administrative Reform, with subsequent highlights of its assimilation in the field of higher education and, in particular, without a superior technological segment. The literature argued that flexible specialization, extremely important in the productive world, can lead to precarious work, when associated with the intensification of human labor. To make it possible to examine this possibility in Brazilian technological education, it was chosen for a case study, analyzing the implementation of FATEC Araraquara, a teaching unit at Centro Paula Souza, whose creation is aligned with the process of expanding technological higher education in the state of São Paulo, as well as the moment when the ethos of public management was inclined towards the routines and language of Management Reform and innovations in work management. The case analysis took into account the guidelines and the initial project, the unit's implementation process, the strategy for occupying technical-administrative loads, the relationship between the number of courses, students, teachers, demands of academic-administrative activity, in comparison with the size of the planned and concrete technical-administrative staff and, finally, with the profile of the work carried out by the workers. In the end, strategies of precarious work were found in the scenario.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos automáticos para determinação fotométrica de alumínio em água potável e etanol em vinhos empregando o processo de multicomutação em análise em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Brandão, Eliel Guimarães
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Reis, Boaventura Freire dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666096952374457
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-5946
The quality of drinking water is crucial for public health, as is the quality of wines for the food industry. Aluminum, which poses health risks such as neurological disorders, has a maximum allowable limit of 200 µg L-1 in drinking water, according to the WHO. The ethanol concentration in table wines, important for their regulation and quality, must be between 8.6 and 14% (v/v). Accurate and efficient analysis methods are essential to ensure consumer safety and compliance with regulatory standards. The study proposes to develop automatic analytical procedures, using flow analysis, to determine aluminum in drinking water and ethanol in wine, aiming to reduce waste and optimize productivity. The system for determining aluminum consists of a fluid propulsion module (minipumps), agitation (flow-batch) and detection system (photometer) with light-emitting diode (LED, λ = 534 nm). To determine ethanol in wines, the system consists of a vapor drag module (purge), fluid propulsion (minipumps) and detection system (photometer) with light-emitting diode (LED, λ = 570 nm). Both systems controlled by an Arduino Due microcontroller, equipped with the necessary interfaces and running software written for this purpose. After selecting the best operating conditions, the effectiveness of the proposals was evaluated: (1) for the determination of aluminum in drinking water, the recovery range was 93 to 128%, linear response in the range of 50 to 400 µg L-1 (R2 = 0.9994); detection limit of 61.29 µg L-1; consumption of chromium azurol S 20 µg per determination, coefficient of variation 1.26%; and analytical frequency of 30 determinations per hour; (2) to determine ethanol, the paired t test was used (n = 8) with tcal = 1.948, with no significant difference with the reference method (densimetry), linear response in the range of 2.5 to 20% (v /v) (R2 = 0.9989); detection limit of 0.0974 µg L-1; K2Cr2O7 consumption 17.65 mg per determination, coefficient of variation 4.14%; and analytical frequency of 60 determinations per hour. Both procedures developed demonstrated that the proposed analytical procedure for determining aluminum in drinking water is effective and meets the requirements of regulatory agencies, such as CONAMA, FUNASA and WHO, which establish a limit of 0.2 mg L-1. Likewise, the method for determining the ethanol content in table wines proved to be valid when compared with the official reference method, proving to be practical and efficient.
Entre pressões e desafios: uma análise sobre a relação entre saúde mental e o trabalho de professores da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Salustiano, Olívia Borges
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Pires, Aline Suelen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7416335894549745
The purpose of this research is to examine the subjective and mental health conditions of teachers who work in the basic education system in the city of São Carlos, located in the interior of São Paulo, and to investigate how such conditions are linked to work circumstances and experiences of the school environment. The interest in this topic emerged from the researcher's empirical observations during her internship at the City Hall of São Carlos, in 2022, in the area of People Management, when she noticed a significant number of medical certificates and licenses related to mental health problems, particularly among workers at the Department of Education. Furthermore, on other occasions, during direct interactions with these education professionals, arising from their various internship assignments, it was again found that their complaints often included high levels of stress and emotional overload. The methodological approach essentially consisted of two phases. The first phase involved the application of an online questionnaire, with the aim of measuring the degree of stress perceived in the work environment by teachers regarding various aspects. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews, divided into three parts: 1) interviewee profile, 2) professional experiences and 3) personal life and health, with questions prepared considering the most relevant aspects identified in the questionnaire. The interviews aimed to explore both aspects of the participants' professional and personal lives, analyzing again the issue of stress at work, emotional burden and perceived pressures, in addition to identifying possible health problems related to professional practice in the interviewees' view. It was evidenced that teachers in the municipal basic education network in São Carlos-SP face several challenges in their working conditions that directly affect their mental well-being. Among the main obstacles identified are excessive workload, low payment, lack of valuation of the profession, poor physical structure of the work environment and lack of material resources.
Trajetórias de escolarização de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-28)
Machado de Paula, Cristiane Aparecida
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Dainez, Débora
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671868444231806
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2034652674317048
The presence of people with disabilities in Higher Education Institutions, which has been gradually established in the Brazilian context, encourages knowledge of the factors that permeated and favored the schooling process in Basic Education. In this sense, the present study had the general objective of investigating the schooling trajectories of two students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) enrolled in an undergraduate course, based on their statements about their school experience. The specific objectives of the research were: Identify the barriers encountered in the school trajectory of young people with ASD from entering Early Childhood Education to completing Basic Education; know the support systems to which students had access throughout their schooling process and which favored the appropriation of school knowledge; examine how concrete living conditions can impact the educational trajectory. The theoretical-methodological framework that underpins the research is the Historical-Cultural Theory of Human Development, with an emphasis on the concept of experience/perejivanie, taken as a unit of analysis in explaining the relationships between subject and social environment in the process of cultural development. Two young students participated in the research, one female and one male, aged between 21 and 22 years old, enrolled and attending an undergraduate course at a Federal Institute. The methodological procedure used to collect data consisted of conducting interviews. Some written records of care given to family members and to the subjects themselves, prepared upon entry into the Higher Education Institution, were used as supporting material. The data was organized into three axes, namely: Support systems and educational supports; barriers and accessibility; diagnoses and their effects on the schooling process. In general, the data show how concrete living conditions affect the school trajectory and point to how the participation of research subjects in school spaces throughout Basic Education, with the appropriation of historically accumulated knowledge, favored entry into Higher Education. They reveal the intense struggle of family members in defense of better access to schooling for their children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. It was possible to verify that the factors that favored the academic trajectory of students with ASD in Basic Education refer to: family support; to teaching relationships based on work with knowledge experienced in the school context; to intersectoral relations involving, above all, the education and health sectors. We consider the school experience attributed meaning as a factor that permeated the trajectory of these students from Basic Education to Higher Education. It was also possible to understand how the social situation of development and disability marks the experience and influences the formation of personality.
Desafios éticos da precificação com inteligência artificial: uma análise interdisciplinar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Schmiedel, Carlos Eduardo
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Ramalho, Rogério de Sá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602653417743793
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8491-3514
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0886875190869339
This master's dissertation explores the ethical challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in pricing strategies, offering an interdisciplinary analysis grounded in Information Science. As digital technologies increasingly permeate the retail sector, ethical considerations in AI-driven pricing mechanisms become crucial due to their significant social impacts, including potential discrimination and price manipulation. This research deeply examines the intersection of technology, ethics, and economics within pricing practices, focusing on the transformative role of AI in establishing dynamic and personalized pricing models. Through an extensive literature review and case study analysis, this study highlights the dual potential of AI to both enhance pricing efficiency and perpetuate unethical practices such as discriminatory pricing. It emphasizes the importance of ethical pricing not only in adhering to legal compliance but also in fostering consumer trust and corporate responsibility. The findings reveal that while technological advancements facilitate the implementation of sophisticated pricing models, they also raise significant ethical concerns that require rigorous transparency and regulatory oversight. The thesis advocates for the development of clear ethical pricing policies that outline fair pricing practices and improve transparency in AI applications. It proposes the integration of Explainable AI (XAI) to demystify AI operations for consumers, reducing suspicions of manipulation and promoting fairness. Additionally, it calls for robust regulatory frameworks aligned with the rapid pace of technological change to ensure that AI-enhanced pricing strategies positively contribute to social equity and corporate accountability. This research contributes to academic discourse by providing a nuanced understanding of the ethical implications of AI in pricing, offering guidelines for companies to implement ethical practices, and suggesting areas for future research in AI pricing regulation and governance. In doing so, it aims to pave the way for more equitable economic practices that harness the potential of AI while safeguarding against its risks.
Efeitos adversos de lixiviados de bitucas e filtros de cigarros no crescimento de uma macrófita flutuante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Yoshida, Luana Lume
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Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6048-0745
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6843542962529230
Annually, trillions of cigarette butts are inappropriately discarded in public areas, and through runoff water, they can be inserted into aquatic ecosystems and interact with biota. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the interference of leachates from smoked and unsmoked cigarette butts and filters on the growth of the macrophyte Salvinia auriculata. Nine treatments were performed: (i) control (CT); and leachates from (i) smoked cigarette butts (SB); (ii) unsmoked cigarette butts (USB); (iii) smoked cigarette filters (SF); and (iv) unsmoked cigarette filters (USF), all in four concentrations: 1.0; 1.75; 2.5, and 5.0 butts/filters per liter. Fifty ramets (with two initial leaves each) of the macrophyte were used for each concentration. Through analysis with the Image J software, growth was monitored for nine weeks of weekly photographic records of the macrophytes leaf areas. The growth coefficient (μ) was obtained by adjusting the leaf areas to the logistic model. The CT presented the largest accumulated growth area (12.66 cm² d-1) and the highest growth coefficient value (0.28 d-1). In leachate, the minimum values for the growth area were 9.60 cm² d-1 (SB; p = 0.001), 9.13 cm² d-1 (USF; p = 1.53 x 10-5), 4.03 cm² d-1 (SF; p = 1.29 x 10-5) and 3.59 cm² d-1 (USB; p = 1.51 x 10-6); and for growth velocity they were 0.04 d-1 (SB, SF and USF) and 0.08 d-1 (USB). Thus, the doubling time of S. auriculata increased in contact with cigarette butts and filters. The interference with growth may have derived from the reduction of photosynthetic pigments in the macrophytes, which, in the CT, had a chlorophyll-a content of 0.098 mg DM, chlorophyll-b of 0.047 mg DM and carotenoids of 15.77 mg DM. Although not all leachate concentrations significantly reduced pigments, chlorophyll-a was reduced by up to 0.046 mg DM (SB; p = 0.002), 0.045 mg DM (USB; p = 4.47 x 10-4) and 0.028 mg DM (SF; p = 0.001). Chlorophyll-b was decreased by up to 0.019 mg DM (SB; p = 0.026), 0.016 mg DM (USB; p = 0.006), and 0.013 mg DM (SF; p = 0.011), and carotenoids were reduced by up to 5.54 mg DM (USB; p = 0.009), and 3.87 mg DM (SF; p = 0.001). In addition to reducing pigments, the more acidic leachate with greater electrical conductivity may have contributed to the reduction in macrophyte growth. Among the four types of leachate, the SF derivative showed greater toxicity potential compared to the leachate derived from cigarette butts. The presence of cigarette butts and filters in aquatic ecosystems reduces the growth of S. auriculata, both in the leaf area and in its speed, interfering with its ecological function as a primary producer in the aquatic food chain.
Desenvolvimento de dispositivo eletroquímico e sua aplicação na detecção de anticorpos voltados para o diagnóstico de hanseníase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Oliveira, Izabelly Karol Poncio de
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7808988954471516
Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterim leprae that mainly affects the peripheral nerves, and its diagnosis is mostly carried out through clinical examination. In this work, a magneto-immunoassay was developed for the detection of anti-M. leprae in serum using silver nanoparticles as an electrochemical marker, aiming for its application in the diagnosis of leprosy. For this purpose, electrochemical devices were made screen-printed with carbon ink and magnets were glued to the base of each working electrode. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and characterized by both UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Magnetic particles (PM) modified with synthetic peptides obtained from the M. leprae protein 85B were used. Furthermore, the AgNPs were labeled with an anti-human IgG secondary antibody, so that the final PM/Pep-Anti-M bioconjugate was formed. leprae-Anti-IgG/AgNP, which is used to perform electrochemical measurements on electrodes printed using the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) technique. The nanoparticles presented adequate and satisfactory characteristics for immunoassays, being consistent with the reference. Confirmation of the connection between the secondary antibody and the silver nanoparticle occurred through UV-vis characterization. Univariate optimizations of the method were carried out, as well as experimental planning. With both, it was possible to find the best conditions among those evaluated, ultimately obtaining a ROC curve with an area over the curve (AUC) value of 0.813. In this way, it was possible to differentiate healthy samples from samples infected with multibacillary leprosy, being considered a cheaper method as it uses silver nanoparticles as an electrochemical marker, when compared to other nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles. It can also be considered a promising method to be used in the diagnosis of leprosy.
Ensino de leitura para uma criança com autismo baseado em jogos de mesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Zagato, Bruno
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Elias, Nassim Chamel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-623X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1798414908590733
Reading proficiency is an important factor in academic success, as it allows students to understand material, obtain information and be active participants in other school activities. Reading, in certain cases and situations, can be a difficult skill to master for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Due to the difference in sensory framework, information processing and language skills, students with ASD can suffer major deficits in the development of reading skills. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of responding in board games on the emergence or improvement of reading performance in children with ASD. The procedure used was based on identity pairing attempts between pictures and words, arbitrary pairing between pictures and words in four board games (memory, bingo, connect words and word search) and the use of differential consequences. The participants were children diagnosed with ASD. The design consisted of a baseline reading test, application of the games in a teaching situation and a reading post-test and follow-up. Thus, the research had one participant and the results indicated the emergence of reading twelve words and the achievement of learning performance in all the games.
Formação continuada de professores/as dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental em matemática: uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos - 2018 a 2023
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Vasconcelos, Driele Brasil
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Braga, Fabiana Marini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103496815216263
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-2752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1824836805501720
The continuing education of teachers, when it comes to satisfaction research, appears increasingly discredited. Research shows that the ongoing teacher training currently offered is, for the most part, disconnected from the real needs of teachers and the teaching-learning process. Few continuing teacher training programs offered seek to overcome the gap: continuing teacher training and educational improvement for students. When analyzing the performance of Brazilian students in mathematics in national and international external assessments, it is noted that, with regard to mathematical proficiency, the national average achieved is significantly lower than the average performance achieved by dozens of other countries evaluated. Considering that current national and international research states that teacher training is directly related to student performance and impacts the quality of education, this bibliographical research – systematic review, developed in the Postgraduate Program in Education (PPGE) of the Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos Campus, in the line of Research “School Education – Theories and Practices” had the general objective of analyzing national and international articles published in the last five years (2018-2023) on the bases of data from SciElo.org, Scopus and Web of Science with the theme “continuing training of teachers in the initial years of primary education in mathematics”, in order to identify how it has been approached and/or related to student learning/ to the. The study presents a rich collection of data and results, analyzed using a mixed approach and Bardin's (2016) content analysis techniques. The results showed that no Brazilian study developed in the last five years with the theme “continuing training of teachers in the initial years in mathematics” related and/or measured the impact of the continued training of teachers in the initial years in mathematics on the learning of students. We present a detail on how international articles measuring the impact of teachers' continuing education on student learning were structured and developed. The analyzes and results of this study can support future Brazilian research that may have this same intention. Future research can also explore spaces for dialogical training of teachers in the format of dialogical pedagogical gatherings aimed at teaching and learning the subject of mathematics in the early years of elementary school, incorporating the guidelines of recent national and international research, regulations and current national guidelines and reports from current international organizations.
Visões Deformadas da Ciência e da Tecnologia: uma análise de livros didáticos de Física do PNLD 2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Pecci, Matheus Guilherme
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Moraes, Letícia Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4358189417039369
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Gebara, Maria José Fontana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961
The Nature of Science is related to consensual characteristics concerning science, the construction of scientific knowledge, the image of the scientist, and the relationships between science, society, the environment, and technology. These factors acknowledge that science is a human activity, subject to changes, failures, and errors, not produced individually and in isolation, and not adhering to a single method, nor related to the idea that it holds absolute truth. Conceptions about the Nature of Science that advocate for a neutral, decontextualized, individual science, incapable of making errors, and based on a single universal scientific method are aspects that constitute what Cachapuz et al. (2011) call Deformed Views of Science and Technology. These Deformed Views, when manifested by teachers in Basic Education, can reach students during the teaching and learning processes, leading them to incorporate these views into their imagination. Such views distance students from scientific activities, as they reveal a science that is unattainable and disconnected from their realities. In addition to the process of receiving and transmitting these views linked to teachers' discourses, other materials are potentially related to them, such as textbooks, which are elaborated by teachers and may reveal their inadequate conceptions of science. These books, distributed in schools through the National Textbook Program (PNLD), may be accessible to students. In this sense, this research aims to ascertain whether and what views on the Nature of Science are present in Physics textbooks used in basic education. Thus, in order to answer the question "What views on the Nature of Science are found in PNLD 2018 Physics textbooks?". To do this, we investigated the initial chapters of the first volume of the twelve collections of Physics textbooks approved by PNLD 2018. We used Bardin's Content Analysis (2016) to map the views on the Nature of Science present in these chapters, with the analysis descriptors based on the Deformed Views of Science and Technology. The analysis revealed that the seven Deformed Views were identified in the analyzed chapters. Regarding their occurrence, the views Exclusively Analytical (31%) and Empirical-Inductivist and Atheoretical (24%) were the most frequent, while the views Linear Growth Accumulative (2%) and Aproblematic and Ahistorical (7%) appeared less frequently. The prevalence of deformed views on the Nature of Science in textbooks is concerning, as it can lead students to develop a limited and distorted view of science. It is important for teachers to be aware of these views and seek to overcome them in their pedagogical practices, using teaching methodologies that promote critical and reflective debate on the Nature of Science.
Confinamento de nanopartículas de ZrO2 e Cu em nanotubos de carbono para hidrogenação de CO2 em metanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Iwasaki, Mariana Tiemi
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1600626733759940
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-3812
The CO2 hydrogenation reaction is a promising reaction because it enables the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere and the utilization of H2 from renewable sources to produce useful chemical products for society. However, it is necessary to develop catalysts that are active, stable and selective to the desired product. Therefore, in this work, copper and zirconia catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNT) were developed and their catalytic activity in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol was verified. The CNT catalysts were prepared by incipient impregnation and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), RAMAN spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), temperature programmed reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR) and N2 physisorption. Catalytic tests were carried out in a fixed bed reactor, with catalyst reduction at 1 bar and 300°C in H2 for 1 hour, followed by the CO2 hydrogenation reaction at 30 bar and 250°C with a mixture of 3H2:1CO2 for 10 hours. TEM images showed metallic oxide particles of CuO and/or ZrO2 with size 1-10 nm dispersed inside the CNTs. In the catalytic tests, the 10Cu/CNT catalyst showed low CO2 conversion (~5%) and high CO selectivity (~70%), indicating that methanol is produced by the reverse water gas shift reaction and CO hydrogenation pathway. The Cu/Zr, Cu/Zr/CNT and Zr/Cu/CNT catalysts are highly selective to methanol (~85%), indicating that ZrO2 and the Cu-O-Zr interface are important active sites for methanol production. The Cu/Zr/CNT, Zr/Cu/CNT and Cu/Zr catalysts showed a period of instability in methanol selectivity of 4 h, corresponding to a transient state in which a structural change is occurring in the catalyst during the reaction at 30 bar and 250ºC, that makes them more selective to methanol. The Zr/Cu/CNT catalyst can be reused, but it takes around 6 hours to stabilize the methanol selectivity. In the catalytic stability test, the Zr/Cu/CNT catalyst remained stable during the 54.5 h reaction, ending the reaction with a CO2 conversion of 30% and methanol selectivity of 89%. Therefore, the Zr/Cu/CNT catalyst is active, stable and methanol selective.
Cooperativismo no Sudeste do Brasil e particularidades de uma cooperativa de agricultura urbana e agroecológica em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Pilatti, Daniella Figuerôa
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Duval, Henrique Carmona
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1127516712972199
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-7579
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Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan
It can be seen that the hegemonic model of agricultural production has not been enough to deal with the socio-environmental demands of the countryside in Brazil, highlighting a need for change in what is understood and practiced as Rural Development. Therefore, this study aimed to find out what actions family farms associated with cooperatives take to implement their businesses guided by the paradigm of Sustainable Rural Development and Agroecology. In order to achieve the research objective, it was deemed necessary to understand and analyze the productive and administrative process employed within a rural cooperation context, as well as the motivations of associated family farmers to produce in a sustainable manner. To this end, a quantitative and qualitative approach was chosen, structured through bibliographic surveys, an exploratory and analytical survey of data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, and field research in an agroecological cooperative in the state of São Paulo, where semi-structured interviews were conducted, aiming to establish an overview of the work of agricultural cooperatives in the Southeast region. Better percentages were identified in family farming establishments associated with cooperatives in terms of social development aspects, but the opposite was true when studying aspects related to environmental conservation and preservation, although there were variations between the states. Meanwhile, the study on cooperative revealed the benefits of cooperatives in environmental terms, but serious limitations in socio-economic terms, mainly due to administrative inexperience.
O papel das alterações dos receptores androgênicos na hipertrofia muscular induzida pelo treinamento de força
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Bergamasco, João Guilherme Almeida
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Roberts, Michael D.
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-7610
The expression of androgen receptors (AR) has been highlighted as a potential mechanism for muscle hypertrophy. However, little is known about the associations between acute and chronic changes in total AR, cytoplasmic AR (cAR), nuclear AR (nAR), and AR-DNA content induced by resistance training (RT) and muscle hypertrophy in women and men. Furthermore, it is unknown whether these acute and chronic changes can explain the differences in the magnitude of hypertrophic responses between non-responders and responders to RT. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of RT on total AR, cAR, nAR, and AR-DNA content in women and men. Additionally, it was investigated whether these acute and chronic changes in AR molecular markers are associated with muscle hypertrophy in both sexes. Finally, we sought to identify if there are differences between nonresponders and responders in both baseline contents and acute and chronic changes in AR markers resulting from RT. Thirty-eight untrained young individuals (19 women and 19 men) underwent 10 weeks of RT. Participants that did not present increases in muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) greater than 2 typical errors, considering two mCSA measurements, were considered nonresponders and responders were numerically matched accordingly. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were performed at baseline (i.e., before the training period), 24 hours after the first RT session (acute responses), and 96-120 hours after the last training session (chronic responses). AR, cAR, and nAR protein contents were analyzed by Western blotting, while AR-DNA was analyzed by oligonucleotide-ELISA assay. Immunohistochemistry was used for fiber type analysis and cross-sectional area (fCSA), and ultrasonography was used to determine the mCSA. At baseline, men showed greater nAR content compared to women. Additionally, there was a significant association between baseline cAR and type II fCSA hypertrophy for men. Regarding acute results, both sexes showed decreased AR, cAR, and nAR, while men demonstrated greater decreases in nAR. After 10 weeks of RT, men showed greater cAR compared to women, while both sexes decreased AR-DNA levels, and AR or nAR remained unchanged. Acute or chronic responses of AR, cAR, nAR, and AR-DNA did not correlate with hypertrophy in women or men. There were no significant differences between nonresponders and responders for most AR markers in baseline contents or acute and chronic changes induced by RT. However, there was a significant difference between nonresponders (+19.5%) and responders (-14.4%) in acute AR-DNA activity (ES = -1.39; 95% CI: -2.53 to -0.16). Baseline cAR content potentially influences hypertrophy in men, whereas acute or chronic changes in AR or its fractions are not associated with muscle hypertrophy in women or men. Finally, the present findings study do not support AR markers as a mechanism capable of explaining differences in the magnitude of hypertrophic responses to RT in untrained young women and men.
Vigilância digital e suas implicações no âmbito da educação: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Sgoti, Rogério Ferreira
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Iasulaitis, Sylvia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-1003
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6363784529628287
In the contemporary context of a digital culture already deeply rooted in current societies, this study aimed to analyze how the theme of "digital surveillance" has been addressed in the scientific literature in the Brazilian context, especially in its ramifications in the educational field. Thus, through an exploratory study with a qualitative-quantitative approach, enabled by the execution of a systematic literature review, the contexts of surveillance capitalism, algorithmic modulation, and data colonialism were analyzed in their influences in the field of education. In this sense, digitally vigilant practices carried out on networked digital platforms, owned by information technology mega corporations (big techs), have also been exercised in the educational context. This panorama, heavily impacted by the migration of pedagogical activities to online educational platforms caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, exposed the education sector to a market in which personal data and data from interactions on networked platforms are highly valuable. Through this study, it was possible to understand the phenomenon of digital surveillance based on scientific production in the national context. However, it was considered that the quantity of publications addressing the theme is still incipient, especially with its focus on education.
Estudo da preparação de vidros e vitrocerâmicas óxidas por meio de levitação aerodinâmica utilizando fusão a laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Almeida, Natã Pereira de
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Gunnewiek, Rodolfo Foster Klein
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5185829124608696
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-3100
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Andreeta, Marcello Rubens Barsi
The study of new routes for the preparation of glass-ceramics has been gaining increasing prominence in science. The aerodynamic levitation technique allows the obtaining of glassy and glass-ceramic materials from compounds that would have difficulty vitrifying under conventional conditions and, due to the lack of contact with any surface, can reduce the possibility of heterogeneous crystallization. Aerodynamic levitation also enables the production of miniaturized elements with a high degree of finish, being essentially ready for use in devices (avoiding cutting and polishing steps). In this doctoral thesis, glasses and glass-ceramics from the BaO – TiO2 – SiO2 – Al2O3 system were studied with and without the substitution of 23 mol% of Ca in the Ba site, aiming to obtain the crystalline phases Barium Titanate (BT) and Barium Calcium Titanate (BCT). The aerodynamic levitation system used is a modification (patent pending) that allows better heat distribution in the sample and utilizes lower-cost materials, further reducing the production cost of the material. The amorphous condition of the produced glasses was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). After thermal treatment, the presence of the BT and BCT phases was confirmed through XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). During the process development, it was noted that glasses without the presence of Al2O3 did not show the formation of the BT phase, a fact reported in the literature, but never systematically discussed or explained. Thus, various molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate the structure of the studied glasses. From the molecular dynamics, it was also possible to obtain data that allowed the development of a thermodynamic model (unprecedented for non-stoichiometric crystallization) to explain the crystallization differences in the studied glasses, concluding that the residual glass plays an important role in the crystallization.
A rua pela população em situação de rua: perspectivas múltiplas na produção do sensível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Ribeiro, Fernanda de Cássia
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Silva, Carla Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-8340
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9629509960388316
Esta investigación explora el territorio de lo sensible, abordando problemáticas cotidianas que enfrentan las personas en situación de calle y usuarios de los servicios de asistencia social de la Secretaría Municipal de Ciudadanía y Asistencia Social (SMCAS) de São Carlos-SP, buscando una comprensión sensible y multifacéticade sus realidades.el objetivo central fue mapear perspectivas plurales sobre/con las personas sin hogar, a partir de la invitación y percepción de expresiones creativas en su vida cotidiana, y crear un repositorio subjetivo y sensible sobre este tema. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo y una metodología de investigación de intervención cartográfica, la disertación se basa en el arte relacional y la Constelación de Actividades Humanas y Terapia Ocupacional (AHTO) de la Universidad Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Se realizaron encuentros estructurados en talleres artísticos y paseos por los territorios, proponiendo procesos creativos que presentaron las experiencias de vida en las calles, reflexionando y cuestionando representaciones y estereotipos sociales. En estos encuentros resaltamos el valor que se le da no sólo a lo que se produce al final (resultado), sino también al proceso creativo en sí y a las interacciones entre las personas. Estos elementos (proceso e interacción) son esenciales tanto en el arte como en la terapia ocupacional, ya que ambos se centran en el desarrollo personal, la expresión y la conexión humana. Como resultado, se presenta un conjunto de narrativas individuales y colectivas, compuestas por expresiones y creaciones realizadas por los participantes, incluyendo textos visuales y verbales, un diario de campo y las creaciones del investigador. Las conclusiones resaltan el valor de escuchar atentamente las experiencias de las personas que viven en la calle y las prácticas creativas y potencialmente transformadoras que permitieron a los participantes acceder a sus registros y marcas personales desde otra perspectiva, revelando nuevas capas de significado en la relacióncon vivir en las calles. La propuesta de conectar y promover la convivencia entre palabras, experiencias, expresiones y pertenencias configura y humaniza las huellas y caminos expresivos de las personas involucradas en esta investigación. Tanto la terapia ocupacional como el arte utilizan la creatividad como una forma de expresarse y afirmarse en el mundo. Vistas como formas de afrontar la vida, encontrar significado y conectarse con otras personas, estas prácticas, cuando se integran, generan significado en las experiencias y refuerzan la idea de pertenencia e identidad.
Plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na Amazônia paraense: elo ancestral entre natureza e saúde para políticas públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-29)
Melo, Meury da Silva
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Weihs, Marla Leci
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Sais, Adriana Cavalieri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8651461170887008
Several rural communities value the conservation of nature and its use, managing medicinal plants, handling, and using natural medicines as symbol of their culture. This study aimed to understand the characterization, spatialization and use of medicinal plants and integrative health practices in three municipalities (Bragança, Tracuateua and Augusto-Corrêa, Pará State), in Brazilian Amazon. Based on the content of the “National Policy on Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics” (PNPMF), and on the “National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices” (PNPIC, from Brazilian Public Health Service – SUS), we collected data from rural communities and public health entities and professionals. This is an exploratory and descriptive research with mixed qualitative and quantitative methodologies. To identify the species used in the communities, secondary data were used (from lists of species already produced in previous surveys), from 47 rural communities, in the three municipalities. The location of citations was carried out using the Global Satellite Navigation System, the points were imported into QGIS 3.26 and their correspondence to the satellite images contained in Google Earth was verified, to create maps. We had 77 employees from four Basic Health Units involved in the survey (Manoel dos Santos - in Tracuateua, Almoço and Alto-Paraíso – in Bragança, and Buçu – in Augusto Corrêa), from different expertise areas: doctors, dentists, nurses, oral health assistants, community health agents, security guards, drivers, and administrative work professionals. To analyze the use of medicinal plants and the knowledge about them, and the knowledge about public policies, interviews and questionnaires were applied. Thematic maps were prepared with the location of the communities, with the number of species per community, with the characterization of life forms of the identified species, and with the number of species with potential for cultivation. Of the 137 species surveyed, 45% were native. The dominant families were Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. Life forms were herbs (36%), shrubs (30%), trees (28%) and lianas (6%). The ways of obtaining plants in the communities were exchange (33%), cultivation (30%), purchase (22%) and extraction (15%). People in the study area have and afro-indigenous origin and the practice of health care with medicinal plants among them is frequent. No services involving medicinal plants are offered in the public health system. There is no relationship between professionals acting in the public health system and the “healing agents” of the communities, and the public health service employees’ knowledge about the PNPMF and PNPIC is still incipient.