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A inteligência artificial no campo ciência, tecnologia e sociedade: um estudo comparativo entre indicadores da produção científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06) Groenner, Luciana Castro; Gracioso, Luciana de Souza; lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-4946; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2058916158597570; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-6444
We are witnessing a moment of significant technological change, where the tools and applications derived from Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been generating consequences in the individual and collective sphere. This area of science is branched into other fields, producing technologies increasingly used by industries, governments, and individuals. This work investigated how AI research is taking place, with a special interest in identifying research in the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS) on AI, from publications in the Web of Science (WoS). The methodology employed involved quantitative analysis, through bibliometrics, to map where research is taking place that develops AI tools and applications, as well as to identify which fields of knowledge are involved in this discussion, with the intention of locating STS in this debate. Qualitative research was also carried out, to review the literature that addresses AI and STS, to weave together the discussions developed complemented by a content analysis of the articles retrieved in the WoS, on AI, in the field of STS. The results allowed us to identify how AI research is taking place in Brazil and in the world, to discover that the STS field is critically debating the consequences of this technological change, however, it is still an initial discussion, especially in Brazil, with the potential to be scaled up. It was demonstrated that STS can contribute significantly to ensuring that, in Brazil, the issues involving AI can be critically debated to build alternatives where these technologies are developed and absorbed, mitigating the resulting problems.
Mulher e trabalho: significação e sentido no livro didático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06) Garcia, Ana Laura Gonçalves; Schreiber da Silva, Soeli Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3601050257852284
This research seeks to contribute to studies on the semantic analysis of textbooks, since these teaching materials are the main resources used for the training of students in Brazilian basic schools. In this sense, understanding the discourses present in the textbook on the most diverse subjects is an important way of identifying predominant trends in our society, as these are chosen to contribute to the formation of new generations. The most specific subject of this study is women in work relationships, understood here as work activity. Thus, we sought to understand the meanings, meanings and silencing of women in relation to work in statements extracted from textbook texts. The research is based on studies about the semantic analysis of the event, understood as defined by Eduardo Guimarães. The object of the research was obtained through the assessment of textbooks from public schools, which are among those approved by the Ministry of Education - MEC, in the National Textbook Program - PNLD. The object clipping was taken from Languages and its technologies textbooks approved by the PNLD, aimed at high school students and which address the theme of work. From this perspective, the study will address the meanings of women in the texts of teaching materials that deal with the topic of work, understood here as economic activity. In other words, we sought to identify how these statements signify women in texts produced for primary school students when the topic is work. In this way, the identification of the enunciative scene is necessary, as well as the social place of speech of the authors of the textbooks and the functioning of the statements taken from the text, having the text as an event as its premise. Thus, the analysis will enable the understanding of studies about the meaning and meaning of texts that refer to women in their relationship with work. It is concluded that despite female achievements in relation to gender asymmetries, in the texts analyzed, discursive memory is still guided by the vision of a passive, fragile, compliant and subservient woman to men. In these texts, work as a labor activity is, mainly, masculine, with the statements prevailing in silence about women and persistent inequalities, in relation to men, when the topic is the job market
Onde a confiança bate o martelo: histórias e disputas no mercado brasileiro de leilões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06) Pereira, Luiz Gustavo Simão; Motta, Luana Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-7471; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8230583626903054; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7146-7471
Auctions constitute a vast market in contemporary Brazil, particularly concerning the trade of used vehicles. These dynamic spaces constitute lucrative and contested terrains, serving as essential hubs for the sale, distribution, and consumption of used cars across the country, with São Paulo standing as a prominent example. While analyses of auctions often lean towards economic dimensions, the political, social, and cultural underpinnings of these markets remain largely unexplored. This dissertation seeks to unravel the fundamental principles shaping the Brazilian auction market and how they emerge, stabilize, and undergo a transformation through interactions with various market stakeholders. To accomplish this, I draw upon a diverse array of sources: conducting interviews with auctioneers personally or accessing them through online platforms, examining legal documents governing the profession at the national level – including decrees and laws – and gathering, organizing, and analyzing sector-related news disseminated through promotional materials, as well as in print and digital newspapers. Through this comprehensive approach, I contend that the bedrock of this substantial market in contemporary Brazil lies in the cultivation of trust. However, this trust is not inherent or preordained; rather, it is meticulously constructed through a myriad of interactions – be they disputes, alliances, or negotiations – that auctioneers engage in amongst themselves, with legislators, and with their clientele.
Os impactos da financeirização na inovação: um estudo no setor aeroespacial e de defesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06) Alves, Marcel Senaubar; Sacomano Neto, Mário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-1700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5237598781491485; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-3545
The blooming predominance of passive investment funds within corporate ownership structures raises concerns about the effects of financialization, particularly the erosion of productive investment in crucial sectors such as Aerospace and Defense (A&D). This sector, characterized by its dual operational nature - civil and military - and significant government interventions, faces unique challenges. This study investigates the complex relationship between financialization and the Research, Development, and Innovation (RD&I) strategies and structures of companies within the A&D sector. The research is conducted in three stages: (1) A bibliometric and systematic literature review to theoretically explore the connection between financialization and innovation; (2) A quantitative analysis of the ownership structure of A&D companies using social network analysis techniques; (3) An evaluation of the economic and innovative performance of the A&D sector through econometric models. The ownership network structure of the A&D sector is revealed to be oligopolistic, indicating that 10 companies hold 61.9% of the invested capital in the sector, with significant influence from financial entities such as BlackRock, Vanguard, State Street, and Capital Research, which control 45.7% of the capital. Furthermore, financialization up to a certain point is associated with improvements in company indicators; however, beyond a certain threshold, further increases in financialization are correlated with a deterioration in company performance. However, it can be concluded that financialization in the sector may be excessive, since there is a relationship between the increase in the degree of financialization and the tendency to reduce its investments in RD&I over time; in addition to investing significantly less. This discussion contributes to the research agenda of Economic Sociology and Finance through empirical research and analysis that emphasize the interaction between financialization and innovation in the A&D sector, highlighting the complexities and contradictions inherent in contemporary financial management within innovation activities.
Geração de imagens artificiais de vasos sanguíneos através de mapas de textura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06) Carvalho, Adriano dos Reis; Comin, Cesar Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4982; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3661072009847104; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6521-5055
Images are present everywhere in modern daily life. Analyzing textures in images is highly relevant for identifying patterns and locating objects. When it comes to medical images of blood vessels, textural characteristics can aid in diagnoses and identifying the progression or regression of pathologies. Generally, literature works focus more on vessel geometry than on texture. It is common to consider vessels as primarily tubular structures with a Gaussian intensity profile. Our work aimed to fill this gap, showing the relevance of texture for the analysis of blood vessels. A methodology was developed for generating artificial images of blood vessels with textures extracted from real images. The method consists of generating vessel texture maps from manual annotations of real vessels. The maps are transformed to follow the geometry of randomly generated Bézier curves, enabling the generation of realistic vessel images. The potential of the methodology was demonstrated through pre-training neural networks on artificial images. It was verified that with only a few manually marked vessels, the networks achieve performance similar to the reference case where all vessels are marked. The developed method has the potential to reduce the manual annotation time needed to train neural networks.
Projetando sistemas IdC para monitoramento remoto de pacientes que sejam interoperáveis, escaláveis e sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06) Souza, Pedro Lopes de; Souza, Wanderley Lopes de; Pires, Luís Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742302894743620; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-4393; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-7653; Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-8246; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6335894757595651; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-7590
Internet of Things (IoT) consists of networks of everyday objects, called ‘things’, equipped with embedded technology, sensors and actuators, capable of collecting and transmitting data through wireless network connections to the Internet. One of the big challenges in IoT is dealing with the huge amount of data produced by their things, in addition to dealing with the data heterogeneity, the varied capabilities of the things, the diverse offered services, and the different IoT platforms. For each domain and for each vendor, there is usually a specific and proprietary IoT platform, with no de facto standards it is currently being used or expected in the near future. Therefore, ensuring semantic interoperability when multiple and different IoT devices and system components must interoperate is one of the problems that needs extensive investigation in this area. In addition to generating large volumes of data that require relatively complex processing, IoT systems have become increasingly complex and hard to maintain. Furthermore, they require high scalability, availability and data throughput in the context of critical applications such as in the Health domain. IoT, Ubiquitous Computing, and Cloud Computing can be used in combination to build telemedicine systems to contribute to the Pervasive Healthcare's holistic vision of providing healthcare anywhere, anytime, to anyone. Such healthcare includes: prevention; short-term monitoring (e.g., patient at home) and long-term monitoring (e.g., elderly); incident detection and management; intervention in case of emergency; and treatment. Among the main tools of Pervasive Healthcare, Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) stands out. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are one of the biggest challenges in Health. The four main groups of NCDs, cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases and Cancer cause about 70% of deaths in the world. NCDs have a non-infectious origin, tend to be long-lasting and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and lifestyle factors. For a more effective treatment of NCD patients, WHO recommends a periodic monitoring of the health conditions of these patients. Some NCDs, such as Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma and Obesity, allow for continuous RPM, enabling the patients and their health professionals to actively exert disease control. In this context, this research investigated how to design interoperable, scalable and maintainable RPM IoT systems for continuous monitoring of patients suffering from NCDs that can be monitored remotely. The main contributions of this research are: • A layered architecture to design RPM IoT systems for NCDs that can be monitored remotely. • The design of three RPM IoT systems for monitoring Hypertension, which include: - A sensor platform built in a wearable IoT device to capture the patient’s vital signs; - A mobile application running on the patient’s mobile device to pre-process the clinical data; - Two applications deployed in the cloud for processing, managing, and archiving clinical data; - An IoT semantic model deployed in the cloud to enable interoperability of different devices and system components; and - An IoT Microservices Architecture (MSA) deployed in the cloud to improve system, scalability, maintainability and data throughput. • An approach to design interoperable, scalable and maintainable RPM IoT systems for NCDs that can be monitored remotely.