Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-06-06"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 3690

Geração de imagens artificiais de vasos sanguíneos através de mapas de textura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06)
Carvalho, Adriano dos Reis
;
Comin, Cesar Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4982
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3661072009847104
Images are present everywhere in modern daily life. Analyzing textures in images is highly relevant for identifying patterns and locating objects. When it comes to medical images of blood vessels, textural characteristics can aid in diagnoses and identifying the progression or regression of pathologies. Generally, literature works focus more on vessel geometry than on texture. It is common to consider vessels as primarily tubular structures with a Gaussian intensity profile. Our work aimed to fill this gap, showing the relevance of texture for the analysis of blood vessels. A methodology was developed for generating artificial images of blood vessels with textures extracted from real images. The method consists of generating vessel texture maps from manual annotations of real vessels. The maps are transformed to follow the geometry of randomly generated Bézier curves, enabling the generation of realistic vessel images. The potential of the methodology was demonstrated through pre-training neural networks on artificial images. It was verified that with only a few manually marked vessels, the networks achieve performance similar to the reference case where all vessels are marked. The developed method has the potential to reduce the manual annotation time needed to train neural networks.
Onde a confiança bate o martelo: histórias e disputas no mercado brasileiro de leilões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06)
Pereira, Luiz Gustavo Simão
;
Motta, Luana Dias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-7471
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8230583626903054
Auctions constitute a vast market in contemporary Brazil, particularly concerning the trade of used vehicles. These dynamic spaces constitute lucrative and contested terrains, serving as essential hubs for the sale, distribution, and consumption of used cars across the country, with São Paulo standing as a prominent example. While analyses of auctions often lean towards economic dimensions, the political, social, and cultural underpinnings of these markets remain largely unexplored. This dissertation seeks to unravel the fundamental principles shaping the Brazilian auction market and how they emerge, stabilize, and undergo a transformation through interactions with various market stakeholders. To accomplish this, I draw upon a diverse array of sources: conducting interviews with auctioneers personally or accessing them through online platforms, examining legal documents governing the profession at the national level – including decrees and laws – and gathering, organizing, and analyzing sector-related news disseminated through promotional materials, as well as in print and digital newspapers. Through this comprehensive approach, I contend that the bedrock of this substantial market in contemporary Brazil lies in the cultivation of trust. However, this trust is not inherent or preordained; rather, it is meticulously constructed through a myriad of interactions – be they disputes, alliances, or negotiations – that auctioneers engage in amongst themselves, with legislators, and with their clientele.
A inteligência artificial no campo ciência, tecnologia e sociedade: um estudo comparativo entre indicadores da produção científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06)
Groenner, Luciana Castro
;
Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
;
lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-4946
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2058916158597570
We are witnessing a moment of significant technological change, where the tools and applications derived from Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been generating consequences in the individual and collective sphere. This area of science is branched into other fields, producing technologies increasingly used by industries, governments, and individuals. This work investigated how AI research is taking place, with a special interest in identifying research in the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS) on AI, from publications in the Web of Science (WoS). The methodology employed involved quantitative analysis, through bibliometrics, to map where research is taking place that develops AI tools and applications, as well as to identify which fields of knowledge are involved in this discussion, with the intention of locating STS in this debate. Qualitative research was also carried out, to review the literature that addresses AI and STS, to weave together the discussions developed complemented by a content analysis of the articles retrieved in the WoS, on AI, in the field of STS. The results allowed us to identify how AI research is taking place in Brazil and in the world, to discover that the STS field is critically debating the consequences of this technological change, however, it is still an initial discussion, especially in Brazil, with the potential to be scaled up. It was demonstrated that STS can contribute significantly to ensuring that, in Brazil, the issues involving AI can be critically debated to build alternatives where these technologies are developed and absorbed, mitigating the resulting problems.
Os impactos da financeirização na inovação: um estudo no setor aeroespacial e de defesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06)
Alves, Marcel Senaubar
;
Sacomano Neto, Mário
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-1700
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5237598781491485
The blooming predominance of passive investment funds within corporate ownership structures raises concerns about the effects of financialization, particularly the erosion of productive investment in crucial sectors such as Aerospace and Defense (A&D). This sector, characterized by its dual operational nature - civil and military - and significant government interventions, faces unique challenges. This study investigates the complex relationship between financialization and the Research, Development, and Innovation (RD&I) strategies and structures of companies within the A&D sector. The research is conducted in three stages: (1) A bibliometric and systematic literature review to theoretically explore the connection between financialization and innovation; (2) A quantitative analysis of the ownership structure of A&D companies using social network analysis techniques; (3) An evaluation of the economic and innovative performance of the A&D sector through econometric models. The ownership network structure of the A&D sector is revealed to be oligopolistic, indicating that 10 companies hold 61.9% of the invested capital in the sector, with significant influence from financial entities such as BlackRock, Vanguard, State Street, and Capital Research, which control 45.7% of the capital. Furthermore, financialization up to a certain point is associated with improvements in company indicators; however, beyond a certain threshold, further increases in financialization are correlated with a deterioration in company performance. However, it can be concluded that financialization in the sector may be excessive, since there is a relationship between the increase in the degree of financialization and the tendency to reduce its investments in RD&I over time; in addition to investing significantly less. This discussion contributes to the research agenda of Economic Sociology and Finance through empirical research and analysis that emphasize the interaction between financialization and innovation in the A&D sector, highlighting the complexities and contradictions inherent in contemporary financial management within innovation activities.
Projetando sistemas IdC para monitoramento remoto de pacientes que sejam interoperáveis, escaláveis e sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06)
Souza, Pedro Lopes de
;
Souza, Wanderley Lopes de
;
Pires, Luís Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742302894743620
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-4393
Internet of Things (IoT) consists of networks of everyday objects, called ‘things’, equipped with embedded technology, sensors and actuators, capable of collecting and transmitting data through wireless network connections to the Internet. One of the big challenges in IoT is dealing with the huge amount of data produced by their things, in addition to dealing with the data heterogeneity, the varied capabilities of the things, the diverse offered services, and the different IoT platforms. For each domain and for each vendor, there is usually a specific and proprietary IoT platform, with no de facto standards it is currently being used or expected in the near future. Therefore, ensuring semantic interoperability when multiple and different IoT devices and system components must interoperate is one of the problems that needs extensive investigation in this area. In addition to generating large volumes of data that require relatively complex processing, IoT systems have become increasingly complex and hard to maintain. Furthermore, they require high scalability, availability and data throughput in the context of critical applications such as in the Health domain. IoT, Ubiquitous Computing, and Cloud Computing can be used in combination to build telemedicine systems to contribute to the Pervasive Healthcare's holistic vision of providing healthcare anywhere, anytime, to anyone. Such healthcare includes: prevention; short-term monitoring (e.g., patient at home) and long-term monitoring (e.g., elderly); incident detection and management; intervention in case of emergency; and treatment. Among the main tools of Pervasive Healthcare, Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) stands out. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are one of the biggest challenges in Health. The four main groups of NCDs, cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases and Cancer cause about 70% of deaths in the world. NCDs have a non-infectious origin, tend to be long-lasting and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and lifestyle factors. For a more effective treatment of NCD patients, WHO recommends a periodic monitoring of the health conditions of these patients. Some NCDs, such as Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma and Obesity, allow for continuous RPM, enabling the patients and their health professionals to actively exert disease control. In this context, this research investigated how to design interoperable, scalable and maintainable RPM IoT systems for continuous monitoring of patients suffering from NCDs that can be monitored remotely. The main contributions of this research are: • A layered architecture to design RPM IoT systems for NCDs that can be monitored remotely. • The design of three RPM IoT systems for monitoring Hypertension, which include: - A sensor platform built in a wearable IoT device to capture the patient’s vital signs; - A mobile application running on the patient’s mobile device to pre-process the clinical data; - Two applications deployed in the cloud for processing, managing, and archiving clinical data; - An IoT semantic model deployed in the cloud to enable interoperability of different devices and system components; and - An IoT Microservices Architecture (MSA) deployed in the cloud to improve system, scalability, maintainability and data throughput. • An approach to design interoperable, scalable and maintainable RPM IoT systems for NCDs that can be monitored remotely.
Mulher e trabalho: significação e sentido no livro didático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-06)
Garcia, Ana Laura Gonçalves
;
Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3601050257852284
This research seeks to contribute to studies on the semantic analysis of textbooks, since these teaching materials are the main resources used for the training of students in Brazilian basic schools. In this sense, understanding the discourses present in the textbook on the most diverse subjects is an important way of identifying predominant trends in our society, as these are chosen to contribute to the formation of new generations. The most specific subject of this study is women in work relationships, understood here as work activity. Thus, we sought to understand the meanings, meanings and silencing of women in relation to work in statements extracted from textbook texts. The research is based on studies about the semantic analysis of the event, understood as defined by Eduardo Guimarães. The object of the research was obtained through the assessment of textbooks from public schools, which are among those approved by the Ministry of Education - MEC, in the National Textbook Program - PNLD. The object clipping was taken from Languages and its technologies textbooks approved by the PNLD, aimed at high school students and which address the theme of work. From this perspective, the study will address the meanings of women in the texts of teaching materials that deal with the topic of work, understood here as economic activity. In other words, we sought to identify how these statements signify women in texts produced for primary school students when the topic is work. In this way, the identification of the enunciative scene is necessary, as well as the social place of speech of the authors of the textbooks and the functioning of the statements taken from the text, having the text as an event as its premise. Thus, the analysis will enable the understanding of studies about the meaning and meaning of texts that refer to women in their relationship with work. It is concluded that despite female achievements in relation to gender asymmetries, in the texts analyzed, discursive memory is still guided by the vision of a passive, fragile, compliant and subservient woman to men. In these texts, work as a labor activity is, mainly, masculine, with the statements prevailing in silence about women and persistent inequalities, in relation to men, when the topic is the job market
Mapas Memes: Discursos Espaciais em Movimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-07)
Zamur, Lucas Nigro
;
Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2251296512862618
This work focuses on artistic maps of the internet - meme maps, aiming to understand them as cybercultural forms of mapping, the result of a fusion of genres, which bends cartographic conventions in terms of satire, humor, and criticism. Bakhtinian theory is used to understand the dialectic between everyday ideologies and official ones, which are parodied in meme maps. Examples of meme maps are discussed from the perspective of critical and cultural cartography theories, while guiding the discussion. A contextual analysis of the discourses of the meme maps was carried out in relation to their extralinguistic dialogue, the movement and the incompleteness of their forms. We sought to understand the ideological tensions reproduced in the meme maps and their artistic character, which cannot be separated from the medium in which they circulate - the networks with their own dynamics. Finally, a reading of the artistic value of these works was proposed, considering the lightness of their movement as an alternative to the productive appropriation of humorous discourses.
Estudo de processos otimizados na agricultura em ambientes controlados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-07)
Perez, Shirly Marleny Lara
;
Blanco, Kate Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9029359807019219
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-9725
;
Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
Cultivating plants in controlled environments offers ideal conditions for their development, leading to superior growth rates, yields, and product quality. To successfully grow crops, it is essential to consider various parameters, including photoperiods, light intensity, nutrient concentration, temperature, and relative humidity. Additionally, microbiological control is crucial in hydroponic systems. These factors are vital for enhancing crop productivity and quality. The primary aim of this study was to optimize the growth of vegetables, specifically the species Lactuca sativa (lettuce), by considering specific process variables such as photonic supplementation with light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photoperiods, microbiological control, and nutrient concentration. To achieve this, four distinct chapters were developed: (II) enhancement of microbiological quality in hydroponic solutions, (III) optimization of nutrient solution concentration and light photoperiods, (IV) reduction of the time required to reach the plant's adult phase, and (V) analysis of photonic supplementation with fractional energy dose delivery and wavelength variations after parameter optimization. The study evaluation included phytochemical and qualitative analyses, where areas, masses, pigment concentrations, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity were calculated, along with micronutrient and macronutrient content. The results indicated that in Chapter (II), applying an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) decontamination system in the hydroponic solution accelerated plant growth while maintaining nutritional values comparable to or superior to those of the groups without this system. In Chapter (III), the combination of low light intensity and long photoperiods, such as 18 and 20 hours, improved photosynthetic pigment content, biomass gain, area, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity. Chapter (IV) enabled the development of a new growth protocol that reduced the conventional growth cycle from 8-10 weeks to just 4 weeks for the plant to reach the adult phase. Finally, in Chapter (V), the results of the study on photonic supplementation in fractionated light regimes, evenly distributed across different wavelengths, gradually increased nutrients throughout the plant's growth cycle, enhancing the area and mass of the lettuces. In conclusion, the results indicate that it is possible to cultivate lettuce in just four weeks while maintaining nutritional and physiological levels equivalent to those achieved in traditional indoor cultivation, which typically requires 50 days. This efficiency was achieved by using prolonged photoperiods of 18 hours with low light intensity. Furthermore, the spectral effect of light proved crucial for plants' functional growth, highlighting the importance of different wavelengths and their distribution throughout the plant's development cycle.
Dançar o mundo petrificado: a experiência estética e o lugar do inconformismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-07)
Bergo, Mariana
;
Gomes, Luiz Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7897
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2135099952877999
This doctoral research, based on the critical theory of society, aims to analyze the possibility of mobilizing non-conformity from the aesthetic experience of dance-theatre. This important artistic movement of the 20th century, whose characteristic is to tension the threshold between dance and the performing arts, is close to the place of the subject we are trying to reach here, who is himself a threshold formation between bodily and mental being. With the aim of rescuing the sensitive subject forgotten by the massifying dynamics of the neoliberal mode of socialization, we seek to elaborate the formative dimension allowed by the aesthetic ordering between subject and object. The approach to art, represented here by a work by the German choreographer Pina Bausch, which takes the body as its main instrument, allows us to meet the forgotten aspects of the subject's relationship with himself. On a path that begins with the need to mark the subject as something that has its constitution denied and relegated to oblivion, passing through an understanding of the apparatuses that specialize in maintaining a certain social order, we reach the need to focus on the status of the subject in order to point out the practices that allow for the defence of its autonomous existence. Given that current Western culture produces the conformation of the subject by focusing on their body, which has become an object of action, it is the corporeal dimension, because it contains something nonassimilable, that safeguards the possibility of autonomous movement. Thus, it is the resumption of the sensible and its modes of registration that allow non-identity to be recognized as what guides criticism, which then involves understanding the treatment given to the body in culture. Based on the analytical potential produced in an antithetical way, it is proposed that, based on the contributions of the authors of the first generation of the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School in dialogue with Freudian psychoanalysis revisited by Lacan, the analysis of the way in which the aesthetic experience of Pina Bausch's dance-theatre can be considered as a key to understanding the possibility of mobilizing bodies in an aesthetic perspective oriented towards the production of non-conformity.
Análise do setor metalúrgico de capital aberto no Brasil: indicadores de crescimento, empregabilidade e sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-09)
Maganha, Matheus Christovam
;
Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
The study of growth, employability, and sustainability indicators allows for predicting the activity levels of these companies over the next five years. Analyzing the sector's growth indicators is essential to understanding the economic dynamics, financial health of the companies, and their expansion prospects. Beyond financial aspects, sector analysis must also consider employability and sustainability. Thus, the general objective of this study was to analyze the publicly traded metallurgical sector in Brazil, focusing on four companies: Gerdau, Vale, Usiminas, and Aura Minerals. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate these companies' growth, employability, and sustainability indicators, understanding how they contribute to the country's socioeconomic and environmental development, as well as identifying the presence of engineers in their operations and the correlation between the improvement of indicators and the total number of active engineers, with analyses over a ten-year period. For the development of this study, reports and data from investment-specialized companies were used, as well as interviews with human resources departments and sustainability reports. Quantitative and qualitative forecasting methods were applied to identify trends and possible future scenarios, following best practices recommended by PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited). The results indicated that all the companies studied showed consistent growth, with an average increase of 4.75% in gross revenue. Projections for the next five years suggest a continued increase in investments in sustainable technologies and energy efficiency, resulting in an average reduction of 3.7% in CO2 emissions, as well as a 1.3% average reduction in energy consumption. The employability analysis indicated an average increase of 16% in the number of direct jobs in the sector, with engineers comprising 5% of the total workforce, directly correlating with improvements in efficiency and sustainability indicators.
Estudo da reversão martensítica em um aço inoxidável austenítico 201LN submetido à laminação criogênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-09)
Oliveira, Paulo Otavio Nascimento Ferreira de
;
Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
With the progress of society, the demand for new materials that meet human needs is becoming increasingly greater. In this context, austenitic stainless steels (ASS) have attracted significant interest, primarily due to their excellent corrosion resistance. The 300 series ASS are the most commonly used among these steels. However, the microstructural refinement of 201LN steel, achieved through cryogenic deformation followed by heat treatment, enhances its mechanical properties, making it a cost-effective alternative to the 300 series, as nickel (Ni) is replaced by nitrogen (N) and manganese (Mn). The high susceptibility of ASS to the effect of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) when subjected to deformation justifies this observed improvement since 201LN ASS is more prone to this phenomenon than 304, due to its lower stacking fault energy (SFE). As a result, the transformation from the austenite phase to martensite (γ → α’) is facilitated. Thus, the goal was to induce the γ → α’ transformation through cryogenic rolling, in order to evaluate the effects of this transformation before and after the α’ → γ reversion. For this purpose, the sample was solution-treated, deformed at cryogenic temperature to thickness reductions of 10, 20, and 30%, and subsequently annealed for 30 minutes at 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 ºC. To analyze the evolution of deformation-induced martensite (DIM) and its subsequent reversion, the following techniques were applied: metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers hardness, and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). In summary, the results demonstrated that the greater the plastic deformation at cryogenic temperature, the higher the volume fraction of DIM in 201LN ASS, and consequently, the hardness increases. XRD data indicated the presence of approximately 43% α' after 30% cryogenic deformation, while the EBSD technique showed a volume fraction of around 50%. After annealing for 30 minutes at 800 ºC, the resulting grains exhibited a mean size reduced by almost 10 times, which resulted in an increase of about 2 times in hardness compared to the solution-treated sample.
Dicalcogenetos de metais de transição em poucas camadas: o papel das espécies de calcogênio e suas propriedades não convencionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-10)
Bracht, Jean Michel
;
Lima, Matheus Paes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835846543912999
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0545565137193585
Two-dimensional (2D) Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) constitute the most studied class of 2D materials after graphene, as they have a variety of applications already demonstrated in the laboratory, including sensors, nanoelectronics and catalysis. In this context, simulations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) allow exploring different compositions and crystalline phases, searching for the most promising ones for specific applications. This doctoral thesis presents a systematic investigation of few-layer 2D TMDs with compositions MQ2, where M belongs to the groups 8 and 10 of the periodic table and Q=S, Se or Te. We investigate systems that vary between one and six in the number of layers. Our study focuses on elucidating the structural, energetic and electronic properties of these materials through DFT-based numerical simulations. The structures are optimized with the GGA-PBE semi-local exchange-correlation functional, where we included the D3 van de Waals correction on the forces and total energy. Furthermore, we incorporate corrections for the self-interaction error inherent in PBE through the HSE06 hybrid functional and spin-orbit coupling. Our investigation reveals significant variations in lattice parameters and exfoliation energies with changes in the number of layers, mostly influenced by chalcogen species. Compositions with transition metals within the same column of the periodic table exhibit similar lattice parameters for the same choice of chalcogens, making them suitable for constructing commensurable heterostructures. Furthermore, the decreasing electronegativity trend from S to Te results in stronger exfoliation energies due to lower surface charges, thus governing the structural and electronic characteristics of these materials. We delved deeper into the electronic properties, and found unusual features in other materials, such as (i) increases in band gap generated by spin-orbit coupling for certain compositions, (ii) emergence of polarization electric fields due to the breaking of point inversion symmetry, and (iii) semiconductor-to-metal transitions with the addition of just one or two sheets to the monolayer. The presence of sulfur on the surface results in greater variations in the work function (in relation to the Se and Te terminations) when the number of layers varies, allowing precise adjustment of the work function and electronic affinity with the number of layers and with the choice of transition metal species. These findings highlight the unique and versatile nature of TMDs from groups 8 and 10, motivating diverse applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis, where tuning properties with the number of layers can be leveraged for technological advances.
Desigualdade educacional e cultura digital no ensino remoto durante o isolamento social: percepções de discentes do ensino médio da região do Bico do Papagaio-TO (2020-2021)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-10)
Rosa, Cristiane de Oliveira
;
Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-3645
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5823180213462937
The general objective of the work is to identify and analyze the perceptions of public high school students about the consequences of remote teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Bico do Papagaio region, Tocantins, focusing on educational and social inequalities. The specific objectives are: to verify the relationship between remote teaching and students' living conditions; raise public educational policies adopted during the pandemic; and analyze changes in performance indicators (Ideb and Enem) in Tocantinópolis, Palmeiras do Tocantins and Nazaré, with an emphasis on students' perceptions of educational inequality and integration of digital culture during the period of social isolation. The research, supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes), uses a qualitative-quantitative methodology to explore the experiences and perceptions of students from selected schools, addressing nuances related to access to education and technology in a context of health emergency global. The dissertation contextualizes the educational scenario in the North region, marked by socioeconomic disparities and limited access to digital resources, revealing how the pandemic exacerbated pre-existing inequalities. The study analyzes the historical and social context of the Bico do Papagaio region, considering the educational policies of the state of Tocantins and the implementation of remote teaching. Using questionnaires as a data collection instrument, the research seeks to capture students' perceptions of the inequalities generated or intensified by remote teaching, including issues of access to technology, quality of internet connection and adequacy of pedagogical content to the new educational reality. The conclusions of the dissertation highlight the urgency of more effective public policies, capable of addressing both educational inequalities and the challenge of promoting an inclusive integration of digital culture in teaching. The research investigates the impact of remote teaching in high school in vulnerable areas, aiming to improve pedagogical practices to promote equity and digital inclusion. The findings suggest the need for future research on the long-term impact of remote learning, access and use of technology in education, educators' perceptions, public policy analyses, and educational infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of investigating these aspects to improve education during crises.
Agrobiodiversidade e soberania alimentar na Floresta Nacional do Rio Purus, Amazônia: contribuições do Santo Daime e de práticas agroecológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-10)
Paula, Juliana Carla Silva
;
Nunes, Nina Lys de Abreu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1407947268657576
;
Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/008035370998007
For millennia, Amazonian people have managed forest resources. This relationship between culture and nature is important for the maintenance of Amazonian agroecosystems. The landscapes of this region are characterized by diversity and long coexistence with human beings. In the Amazon today, people live with total or partial dependence on forest resources for their well-being and with in-depth local knowledge. Among the variety of cultural practices that exist within the forest, Santo Daime emerges, a religious movement that emerged in the Amazon in 1930, resulting from the experience of Raimundo Irineu Serra, a migrant from Maranhão who works in the rubber cycle in the State of Acre. The objective of this research is to investigate how religious identity influences the lifestyle of these people, having similarities with the principle of Agroecology and a high maintenance of Agrobiodiversity that results in the strengthening of Food Sovereignty. We used oral history, participant observation and MESMIS (Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales) as methodology, incorporating Sustainability Indicators). The study area was in the Purus River National Forest (FLONA Purus) and region, located in the State of Amazonas, municipality of Pauini, in four different communities. All of them culturally linked by the religion of Santo Daime, a religion that uses the drink ayahuasca during its rituals, which is prepared from two Amazonian plants. The results are presented through four main axes, namely: 1) the interconnection between the Santo Daime culture and its link with agroecology; 2) the survey of Agrobiodiversity in practice, 3) the trajectory followed by Cooperar; the Agroecology and Food Sovereignty nucleus of Mapiá and middle Purus; and 4) the analysis of sustainability indicators. We observed the familiarity between the practices of Santo Daime followers and agroecological principles, we inferred a high maintenance of Agrobiodiversity, supporting the maintenance of Food Sovereignty. With a survey of 118 agrobiodiversity spec ies, for food, nutritional or medicinal purposes. The results obtained through sustainability indicators reveal a mixed situation regarding the sustainability of the agroecosystems studied. With regard to environmental indicators, it is observed that a significant part of the parameters are classified as good, in the economic sphere, the results less than 50% are good, with regard to social indicators, the results indicate important challenges, with less 50% of the parameters being good and 33% being a bad parameter. In this way, we can conclude that religious identity is driving a motivation to seek food sovereignty and maintains a high level of agrobiodiversity, however, according to sustainability indicators, challenges will have to be achieved to remain this way.
Transformações do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra – Da Reforma Agrária Ao Certificado De Recebíveis Agrícolas (CRA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Lima, Matheus Carvalho Assumpção de
;
Donadone, Julio César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4328190497436022
Social movements are of fundamental importance for the effective articulation of demands in the face of the first sector (government) and are essential in a demo-cratic society, as they enable the expansion of discussions on public policies that are beneficial for part of the population. From this perspective, the action of social movements aimed at demanding agrarian reform, especially the MST, is necessary in Brazilian territory, as it is a country that, admittedly, prioritizes large estates to the detriment of family farming. That said, this work focused on the entire history of the MST's actions, considering historical precedents, its creation, chronological evolution of narratives and demands, taking as a basis, especially, publications made in the media (sem-terra newspaper, newsletters, Movement website, etc.). Furthermore, the way in which the Movement raised financial resources over the years was also an object of study. In this regard, it is essential to analyze the forms of action of the MST and the details of the MST's communication. And, finally, an assessment of possible internal dissonances between the MST as an institution and the settlers and peasant workers.
Binchotan charcoal as a renewable source for partial replacement of calcined petroleum coke in the aluminum industry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Pereira, Lucas Clarindo
;
Barros, João Lúcio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3142988367509007
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-9314
;
Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
Fossil-based materials have been used in the aluminum industry for many decades but cause major environmental impacts. The use of biomaterials can help to reduce these impacts. The aluminum industry uses calcined petroleum coke and coal tar pitch in carbon anode production, and the anodes act as chemical reducers and electrical conductors during the alumina electrolysis process. This work evaluated the partial replacement of calcined petroleum coke with binchotan charcoal, aiming at the production of carbon anodes. Binchotan was used because it is a type of charcoal characterized for showing high carbon content, high density, and low electrical resistivity. The study was carried out in partnership with an aluminum production company, which allowed the use of materials, methodologies, and equipment that are applied in conventional anodes. The literature review (Chapter 1) addresses concepts related to biomass, reduction processes, the origin, characteristics, and production process of binchotan charcoal. The materials characterization is in Chapter 2. Samples of binchotan charcoal were analyzed and compared to calcined petroleum coke. The following analyses were performed: proximate analysis, chemical composition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry, density, higher heating value, electrical resistivity, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Binchotan charcoal showed high carbon content and low ash content, but these values were better in coke. Analyzing the SEM images, a higher porosity was observed in binchotan charcoal. The thermal behavior was similar in all the materials, as were the FTIR spectra. The density of the coke was higher than that of the binchotan charcoal and the results of higher heating values were similar. Binchotan charcoal showed an electrical resistivity higher than petroleum coke. The XRD patterns were similar and showed the presence of graphite in the materials, with higher intensity in coke. In general, the properties of calcined petroleum coke were better than those of binchotan charcoal, although the results indicated that a replacement of small percentages would be feasible. The production of carbon anodes with the addition of binchotan charcoal is described in Chapter 3. The anodes were produced on a laboratory scale, replacing 1% and 3% of calcined petroleum coke with binchotan charcoal. The samples were analyzed by chemical composition, apparent density, mechanical strength, CO2 reactivity, and electrical resistivity. The obtained data was compared with an industrial reference standard. All the results were considered acceptable, suggesting that it is possible to make a partial substitution of calcined petroleum coke for binchotan charcoal. From a technical point of view, the addition of small percentages of binchotan charcoal in the carbon anodes proved to be viable.
A formação do professor de Matemática e a utilização de recursos digitais: uma proposta inspirada no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Senna, Karina Aguena Shimizu
;
Pires, Rogério Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5310-1997
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2767702481649113
This study presents and discusses the results of a research aimed at analyzing the implications of training for mathematics teachers in face-to-face classes using digital technologies in the period after social isolation. The qualitative research, carried out with seven mathematics teachers from public schools who taught in the final years of elementary school, was based on the training of mathematics teachers in the use of new technologies and the possible contributions of this practice to classroom teaching. For the development of the research, the training was divided into two modules, the first was developed through two workshops that covered the main features of Google Tools and the second was developed through four workshops that presented the main features of the 2D visualization window of the GeoGebra software and how to associate the use of this application with the skills developed in the Currículo em Ação material. For data collection, in addition to the recordings made during the workshops, a questionnaire was made available before the start of the training to guide the paths and strategies to be developed in the workshops, a questionnaire at the end of each module to analyze each theme, Google Tools and GeoGebra, and another at the end related to the Training Course. According to the bibliographic study carried out, the integration of digital technologies in teaching has been discussed for some time, but since the period during remote teaching, the subject has once again come to the fore, as teachers suddenly had to use digital resources to continue teaching. But despite the importance of the subject, technological integration and teacher training in school institutions were still insufficient. For the literature review, a survey was carried out of productions available in national journals classified in Qualis CAPES, 2017 - 2020, categorized as A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2. Kenski, Borba, Penteado, Scucuglia, Gadanidis and Richit were used for the theoretical basis. For data analysis, the study was based on the observation of qualitative data and maintaining this conjunction, the quantitative interpretation was not excluded, since they served as a foundation and authenticity for the qualitative point of view. Therefore, the research showed that the training enabled the teachers to use technological resources safely, enabled the participants to take ownership of the basic concepts, helped in the development of teaching practices, led to reflection on teaching methodologies, allowed the sharing of experiences between peers and made it possible to associate technological resources with the curriculum. As a result, the combination of these actions provides an opportunity for qualitative and meaningful teaching, always seeking the role of the student so that they can develop their own knowledge. In addition to the implications found, the study can help teachers who teach mathematics, teacher training programs and undergraduate students in mathematics or related areas. In addition, this material can be used as inspiration for extension courses on initial or continuing training for mathematics teachers.
A - falta de - representatividade negra nos livros didáticos de filosofia do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Rodrigues, Natália Regina
;
La Salvia, André Luis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5840163842088553
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-5052
;
Bezerra Neto, Luiz
This dissertation consists of the analysis of Philosophy textbooks approved by the PNLD in 2018, highlighting the hegemonic presence of the so-called Canon, composed mostly of men, white, Euro-North Americans, and the consequent absence of black male and female philosophers from these materials., distancing Philosophy, as a curricular component, from compliance with the notorious Law 10.639/03 and presenting students with the white male standard as a representation of intellectuality. Aiming to resolve the consequences of the lack of this representation, teaching material was created that introduces students to the biography and thought produced by black Africans and their diaspora, demonstrating the silencing of knowledge produced by this portion of the population doing so. the non-existent opinion. This task was carried out primarily in light of the concepts forged by Sueli Carneiro in her thesis The construction of the Other as Non-Being as the Foundation of Being, namely: raciality/biopower device and epistemicide.
Efeito de um programa de intervenção computadorizado para treinamento de pais no desenvolvimento de funções executivas (PICFE) em crianças de 7 e 8 anos de idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-12)
Carrasco, Kátia Giugioli
;
Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7959465631724019
The present research aimed to verify the effectiveness of the Computerized Intervention Program for training parents in the development of Executive Functions (PICFE) in children aged 7 and 8 years old. This is an empirical, quasi-experimental research and cross-sectional study with two groups: experimental (GE) and control (CG). The sample consisted of 40 children aged 7 and 8 years old, 20 children for the EG and 20 for the CG, located in different states in Brazil. In addition to the children, their parents participated in the research, as they were responsible for applying the intervention after receiving online training carried out by the researcher of the research project. PICFE consists of online games and activities inserted into the child's routine to assist in the development of planning skills, memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, as well as guidance for parents regarding the use of support strategies to be offered to their children. The intervention consists of four ecological activities, that is, inserted into the child's routine, and two computerized games that were applied only in the GE. Ecological activities took place four times a week and games three times. The average duration of intervention activities, both games and ecological activities, mediated by the children's parents was twenty minutes and took place over 8 weeks. After the training carried out for parents or guardians, the researcher was always available (via phone, WhatsApp or email) to assist or answer questions, in addition to weekly online meetings being scheduled with each person responsible for the intervention with the child to monitor the intervention. To verify the effectiveness of the training, before and after the end of the intervention program, instruments were applied to evaluate executive functions in both groups: IFERA, questionnaires for parents or guardians of the CG and EG groups and semi-structured interviews with the parents of the GE. The application of all these instruments was carried out remotely. The results of the present study point to the effectiveness of PICFE in the development of children's executive functions, mainly in inhibitory control, working memory and aversion to delay, assessed by IFERA. Through the interviews it was observed that in addition to parents noticing an improvement in executive functions such as motivation and organization, they also reported an improvement in their relationship with their children.
Ontogenia de cingulados juvenis do quaternário da Bahia, Brasil: morfologia e paleobiologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-12)
Rêgo, Nancy de Fátima Chaves
;
Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2750
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3379429134552519
Members of the Order Cingulata are placental mammals with articulated bony armor covering their bodies. They represent the most diverse group within the superorder Xenarthra, among which the glyptodonts (Glyptodontinae) comprise the most peculiar armored herbivores. This is a clade whose oldest specimens originate from tropical areas of South America during the Middle to Late Miocene. Their fossil record is mainly represented by disarticulated osteoderms and skull fragments. Juvenile specimens of cingulates are relatively frequent in fossil collections; however, knowledge about their juvenile stages is still incipient. The morphological variations seen in different developmental stages of taxa are important for understanding their life history, especially concerning fossil material due to biases presented by the record. In this research, we describe two juvenile specimens of Cingulata Glyptodontinae, attributed to the genus Glyptotherium Osborn, 1903, collected at Gruta da Lapinha, Iramaia, BA. Detailed morphological evidence of juvenile individuals is described, including an almost complete hemimandible, dental morphology, postcranial bones, and the ornamentation pattern of osteoderms, as well as information regarding their diet and feeding habits derived from mesowear and microwear (texture analysis) dental studies. Additionally, the development of methodologies using tools that would be applied to teeth still attached to the mandible and extremely fragile is proposed. Finally, the protocol's applicability developed for the above purpose is demonstrated in samples reported at the end of this research.