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Análise do setor metalúrgico de capital aberto no Brasil: indicadores de crescimento, empregabilidade e sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-09)
Maganha, Matheus Christovam
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Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
The study of growth, employability, and sustainability indicators allows for predicting the activity levels of these companies over the next five years. Analyzing the sector's growth indicators is essential to understanding the economic dynamics, financial health of the companies, and their expansion prospects. Beyond financial aspects, sector analysis must also consider employability and sustainability. Thus, the general objective of this study was to analyze the publicly traded metallurgical sector in Brazil, focusing on four companies: Gerdau, Vale, Usiminas, and Aura Minerals. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate these companies' growth, employability, and sustainability indicators, understanding how they contribute to the country's socioeconomic and environmental development, as well as identifying the presence of engineers in their operations and the correlation between the improvement of indicators and the total number of active engineers, with analyses over a ten-year period. For the development of this study, reports and data from investment-specialized companies were used, as well as interviews with human resources departments and sustainability reports. Quantitative and qualitative forecasting methods were applied to identify trends and possible future scenarios, following best practices recommended by PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited). The results indicated that all the companies studied showed consistent growth, with an average increase of 4.75% in gross revenue. Projections for the next five years suggest a continued increase in investments in sustainable technologies and energy efficiency, resulting in an average reduction of 3.7% in CO2 emissions, as well as a 1.3% average reduction in energy consumption. The employability analysis indicated an average increase of 16% in the number of direct jobs in the sector, with engineers comprising 5% of the total workforce, directly correlating with improvements in efficiency and sustainability indicators.
Estudo da reversão martensítica em um aço inoxidável austenítico 201LN submetido à laminação criogênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-09)
Oliveira, Paulo Otavio Nascimento Ferreira de
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Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
With the progress of society, the demand for new materials that meet human needs is becoming increasingly greater. In this context, austenitic stainless steels (ASS) have attracted significant interest, primarily due to their excellent corrosion resistance. The 300 series ASS are the most commonly used among these steels. However, the microstructural refinement of 201LN steel, achieved through cryogenic deformation followed by heat treatment, enhances its mechanical properties, making it a cost-effective alternative to the 300 series, as nickel (Ni) is replaced by nitrogen (N) and manganese (Mn). The high susceptibility of ASS to the effect of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) when subjected to deformation justifies this observed improvement since 201LN ASS is more prone to this phenomenon than 304, due to its lower stacking fault energy (SFE). As a result, the transformation from the austenite phase to martensite (γ → α’) is facilitated. Thus, the goal was to induce the γ → α’ transformation through cryogenic rolling, in order to evaluate the effects of this transformation before and after the α’ → γ reversion. For this purpose, the sample was solution-treated, deformed at cryogenic temperature to thickness reductions of 10, 20, and 30%, and subsequently annealed for 30 minutes at 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 ºC. To analyze the evolution of deformation-induced martensite (DIM) and its subsequent reversion, the following techniques were applied: metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers hardness, and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). In summary, the results demonstrated that the greater the plastic deformation at cryogenic temperature, the higher the volume fraction of DIM in 201LN ASS, and consequently, the hardness increases. XRD data indicated the presence of approximately 43% α' after 30% cryogenic deformation, while the EBSD technique showed a volume fraction of around 50%. After annealing for 30 minutes at 800 ºC, the resulting grains exhibited a mean size reduced by almost 10 times, which resulted in an increase of about 2 times in hardness compared to the solution-treated sample.
Dicalcogenetos de metais de transição em poucas camadas: o papel das espécies de calcogênio e suas propriedades não convencionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-10)
Bracht, Jean Michel
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Lima, Matheus Paes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835846543912999
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0545565137193585
Two-dimensional (2D) Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) constitute the most studied class of 2D materials after graphene, as they have a variety of applications already demonstrated in the laboratory, including sensors, nanoelectronics and catalysis. In this context, simulations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) allow exploring different compositions and crystalline phases, searching for the most promising ones for specific applications. This doctoral thesis presents a systematic investigation of few-layer 2D TMDs with compositions MQ2, where M belongs to the groups 8 and 10 of the periodic table and Q=S, Se or Te. We investigate systems that vary between one and six in the number of layers. Our study focuses on elucidating the structural, energetic and electronic properties of these materials through DFT-based numerical simulations. The structures are optimized with the GGA-PBE semi-local exchange-correlation functional, where we included the D3 van de Waals correction on the forces and total energy. Furthermore, we incorporate corrections for the self-interaction error inherent in PBE through the HSE06 hybrid functional and spin-orbit coupling. Our investigation reveals significant variations in lattice parameters and exfoliation energies with changes in the number of layers, mostly influenced by chalcogen species. Compositions with transition metals within the same column of the periodic table exhibit similar lattice parameters for the same choice of chalcogens, making them suitable for constructing commensurable heterostructures. Furthermore, the decreasing electronegativity trend from S to Te results in stronger exfoliation energies due to lower surface charges, thus governing the structural and electronic characteristics of these materials. We delved deeper into the electronic properties, and found unusual features in other materials, such as (i) increases in band gap generated by spin-orbit coupling for certain compositions, (ii) emergence of polarization electric fields due to the breaking of point inversion symmetry, and (iii) semiconductor-to-metal transitions with the addition of just one or two sheets to the monolayer. The presence of sulfur on the surface results in greater variations in the work function (in relation to the Se and Te terminations) when the number of layers varies, allowing precise adjustment of the work function and electronic affinity with the number of layers and with the choice of transition metal species. These findings highlight the unique and versatile nature of TMDs from groups 8 and 10, motivating diverse applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis, where tuning properties with the number of layers can be leveraged for technological advances.
Desigualdade educacional e cultura digital no ensino remoto durante o isolamento social: percepções de discentes do ensino médio da região do Bico do Papagaio-TO (2020-2021)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-10)
Rosa, Cristiane de Oliveira
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-3645
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5823180213462937
The general objective of the work is to identify and analyze the perceptions of public high school students about the consequences of remote teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Bico do Papagaio region, Tocantins, focusing on educational and social inequalities. The specific objectives are: to verify the relationship between remote teaching and students' living conditions; raise public educational policies adopted during the pandemic; and analyze changes in performance indicators (Ideb and Enem) in Tocantinópolis, Palmeiras do Tocantins and Nazaré, with an emphasis on students' perceptions of educational inequality and integration of digital culture during the period of social isolation. The research, supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes), uses a qualitative-quantitative methodology to explore the experiences and perceptions of students from selected schools, addressing nuances related to access to education and technology in a context of health emergency global. The dissertation contextualizes the educational scenario in the North region, marked by socioeconomic disparities and limited access to digital resources, revealing how the pandemic exacerbated pre-existing inequalities. The study analyzes the historical and social context of the Bico do Papagaio region, considering the educational policies of the state of Tocantins and the implementation of remote teaching. Using questionnaires as a data collection instrument, the research seeks to capture students' perceptions of the inequalities generated or intensified by remote teaching, including issues of access to technology, quality of internet connection and adequacy of pedagogical content to the new educational reality. The conclusions of the dissertation highlight the urgency of more effective public policies, capable of addressing both educational inequalities and the challenge of promoting an inclusive integration of digital culture in teaching. The research investigates the impact of remote teaching in high school in vulnerable areas, aiming to improve pedagogical practices to promote equity and digital inclusion. The findings suggest the need for future research on the long-term impact of remote learning, access and use of technology in education, educators' perceptions, public policy analyses, and educational infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of investigating these aspects to improve education during crises.
Agrobiodiversidade e soberania alimentar na Floresta Nacional do Rio Purus, Amazônia: contribuições do Santo Daime e de práticas agroecológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-10)
Paula, Juliana Carla Silva
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Nunes, Nina Lys de Abreu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1407947268657576
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Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/008035370998007
For millennia, Amazonian people have managed forest resources. This relationship between culture and nature is important for the maintenance of Amazonian agroecosystems. The landscapes of this region are characterized by diversity and long coexistence with human beings. In the Amazon today, people live with total or partial dependence on forest resources for their well-being and with in-depth local knowledge. Among the variety of cultural practices that exist within the forest, Santo Daime emerges, a religious movement that emerged in the Amazon in 1930, resulting from the experience of Raimundo Irineu Serra, a migrant from Maranhão who works in the rubber cycle in the State of Acre. The objective of this research is to investigate how religious identity influences the lifestyle of these people, having similarities with the principle of Agroecology and a high maintenance of Agrobiodiversity that results in the strengthening of Food Sovereignty. We used oral history, participant observation and MESMIS (Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales) as methodology, incorporating Sustainability Indicators). The study area was in the Purus River National Forest (FLONA Purus) and region, located in the State of Amazonas, municipality of Pauini, in four different communities. All of them culturally linked by the religion of Santo Daime, a religion that uses the drink ayahuasca during its rituals, which is prepared from two Amazonian plants. The results are presented through four main axes, namely: 1) the interconnection between the Santo Daime culture and its link with agroecology; 2) the survey of Agrobiodiversity in practice, 3) the trajectory followed by Cooperar; the Agroecology and Food Sovereignty nucleus of Mapiá and middle Purus; and 4) the analysis of sustainability indicators. We observed the familiarity between the practices of Santo Daime followers and agroecological principles, we inferred a high maintenance of Agrobiodiversity, supporting the maintenance of Food Sovereignty. With a survey of 118 agrobiodiversity spec ies, for food, nutritional or medicinal purposes. The results obtained through sustainability indicators reveal a mixed situation regarding the sustainability of the agroecosystems studied. With regard to environmental indicators, it is observed that a significant part of the parameters are classified as good, in the economic sphere, the results less than 50% are good, with regard to social indicators, the results indicate important challenges, with less 50% of the parameters being good and 33% being a bad parameter. In this way, we can conclude that religious identity is driving a motivation to seek food sovereignty and maintains a high level of agrobiodiversity, however, according to sustainability indicators, challenges will have to be achieved to remain this way.
Transformações do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra – Da Reforma Agrária Ao Certificado De Recebíveis Agrícolas (CRA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Lima, Matheus Carvalho Assumpção de
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4328190497436022
Social movements are of fundamental importance for the effective articulation of demands in the face of the first sector (government) and are essential in a demo-cratic society, as they enable the expansion of discussions on public policies that are beneficial for part of the population. From this perspective, the action of social movements aimed at demanding agrarian reform, especially the MST, is necessary in Brazilian territory, as it is a country that, admittedly, prioritizes large estates to the detriment of family farming. That said, this work focused on the entire history of the MST's actions, considering historical precedents, its creation, chronological evolution of narratives and demands, taking as a basis, especially, publications made in the media (sem-terra newspaper, newsletters, Movement website, etc.). Furthermore, the way in which the Movement raised financial resources over the years was also an object of study. In this regard, it is essential to analyze the forms of action of the MST and the details of the MST's communication. And, finally, an assessment of possible internal dissonances between the MST as an institution and the settlers and peasant workers.
Binchotan charcoal as a renewable source for partial replacement of calcined petroleum coke in the aluminum industry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Pereira, Lucas Clarindo
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Barros, João Lúcio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3142988367509007
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-9314
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
Fossil-based materials have been used in the aluminum industry for many decades but cause major environmental impacts. The use of biomaterials can help to reduce these impacts. The aluminum industry uses calcined petroleum coke and coal tar pitch in carbon anode production, and the anodes act as chemical reducers and electrical conductors during the alumina electrolysis process. This work evaluated the partial replacement of calcined petroleum coke with binchotan charcoal, aiming at the production of carbon anodes. Binchotan was used because it is a type of charcoal characterized for showing high carbon content, high density, and low electrical resistivity. The study was carried out in partnership with an aluminum production company, which allowed the use of materials, methodologies, and equipment that are applied in conventional anodes. The literature review (Chapter 1) addresses concepts related to biomass, reduction processes, the origin, characteristics, and production process of binchotan charcoal. The materials characterization is in Chapter 2. Samples of binchotan charcoal were analyzed and compared to calcined petroleum coke. The following analyses were performed: proximate analysis, chemical composition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry, density, higher heating value, electrical resistivity, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Binchotan charcoal showed high carbon content and low ash content, but these values were better in coke. Analyzing the SEM images, a higher porosity was observed in binchotan charcoal. The thermal behavior was similar in all the materials, as were the FTIR spectra. The density of the coke was higher than that of the binchotan charcoal and the results of higher heating values were similar. Binchotan charcoal showed an electrical resistivity higher than petroleum coke. The XRD patterns were similar and showed the presence of graphite in the materials, with higher intensity in coke. In general, the properties of calcined petroleum coke were better than those of binchotan charcoal, although the results indicated that a replacement of small percentages would be feasible. The production of carbon anodes with the addition of binchotan charcoal is described in Chapter 3. The anodes were produced on a laboratory scale, replacing 1% and 3% of calcined petroleum coke with binchotan charcoal. The samples were analyzed by chemical composition, apparent density, mechanical strength, CO2 reactivity, and electrical resistivity. The obtained data was compared with an industrial reference standard. All the results were considered acceptable, suggesting that it is possible to make a partial substitution of calcined petroleum coke for binchotan charcoal. From a technical point of view, the addition of small percentages of binchotan charcoal in the carbon anodes proved to be viable.
A formação do professor de Matemática e a utilização de recursos digitais: uma proposta inspirada no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Senna, Karina Aguena Shimizu
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Pires, Rogério Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5310-1997
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2767702481649113
This study presents and discusses the results of a research aimed at analyzing the implications of training for mathematics teachers in face-to-face classes using digital technologies in the period after social isolation. The qualitative research, carried out with seven mathematics teachers from public schools who taught in the final years of elementary school, was based on the training of mathematics teachers in the use of new technologies and the possible contributions of this practice to classroom teaching. For the development of the research, the training was divided into two modules, the first was developed through two workshops that covered the main features of Google Tools and the second was developed through four workshops that presented the main features of the 2D visualization window of the GeoGebra software and how to associate the use of this application with the skills developed in the Currículo em Ação material. For data collection, in addition to the recordings made during the workshops, a questionnaire was made available before the start of the training to guide the paths and strategies to be developed in the workshops, a questionnaire at the end of each module to analyze each theme, Google Tools and GeoGebra, and another at the end related to the Training Course. According to the bibliographic study carried out, the integration of digital technologies in teaching has been discussed for some time, but since the period during remote teaching, the subject has once again come to the fore, as teachers suddenly had to use digital resources to continue teaching. But despite the importance of the subject, technological integration and teacher training in school institutions were still insufficient. For the literature review, a survey was carried out of productions available in national journals classified in Qualis CAPES, 2017 - 2020, categorized as A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2. Kenski, Borba, Penteado, Scucuglia, Gadanidis and Richit were used for the theoretical basis. For data analysis, the study was based on the observation of qualitative data and maintaining this conjunction, the quantitative interpretation was not excluded, since they served as a foundation and authenticity for the qualitative point of view. Therefore, the research showed that the training enabled the teachers to use technological resources safely, enabled the participants to take ownership of the basic concepts, helped in the development of teaching practices, led to reflection on teaching methodologies, allowed the sharing of experiences between peers and made it possible to associate technological resources with the curriculum. As a result, the combination of these actions provides an opportunity for qualitative and meaningful teaching, always seeking the role of the student so that they can develop their own knowledge. In addition to the implications found, the study can help teachers who teach mathematics, teacher training programs and undergraduate students in mathematics or related areas. In addition, this material can be used as inspiration for extension courses on initial or continuing training for mathematics teachers.
A - falta de - representatividade negra nos livros didáticos de filosofia do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11)
Rodrigues, Natália Regina
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La Salvia, André Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5840163842088553
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-5052
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
This dissertation consists of the analysis of Philosophy textbooks approved by the PNLD in 2018, highlighting the hegemonic presence of the so-called Canon, composed mostly of men, white, Euro-North Americans, and the consequent absence of black male and female philosophers from these materials., distancing Philosophy, as a curricular component, from compliance with the notorious Law 10.639/03 and presenting students with the white male standard as a representation of intellectuality. Aiming to resolve the consequences of the lack of this representation, teaching material was created that introduces students to the biography and thought produced by black Africans and their diaspora, demonstrating the silencing of knowledge produced by this portion of the population doing so. the non-existent opinion. This task was carried out primarily in light of the concepts forged by Sueli Carneiro in her thesis The construction of the Other as Non-Being as the Foundation of Being, namely: raciality/biopower device and epistemicide.
Efeito de um programa de intervenção computadorizado para treinamento de pais no desenvolvimento de funções executivas (PICFE) em crianças de 7 e 8 anos de idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-12)
Carrasco, Kátia Giugioli
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Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7959465631724019
The present research aimed to verify the effectiveness of the Computerized Intervention Program for training parents in the development of Executive Functions (PICFE) in children aged 7 and 8 years old. This is an empirical, quasi-experimental research and cross-sectional study with two groups: experimental (GE) and control (CG). The sample consisted of 40 children aged 7 and 8 years old, 20 children for the EG and 20 for the CG, located in different states in Brazil. In addition to the children, their parents participated in the research, as they were responsible for applying the intervention after receiving online training carried out by the researcher of the research project. PICFE consists of online games and activities inserted into the child's routine to assist in the development of planning skills, memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, as well as guidance for parents regarding the use of support strategies to be offered to their children. The intervention consists of four ecological activities, that is, inserted into the child's routine, and two computerized games that were applied only in the GE. Ecological activities took place four times a week and games three times. The average duration of intervention activities, both games and ecological activities, mediated by the children's parents was twenty minutes and took place over 8 weeks. After the training carried out for parents or guardians, the researcher was always available (via phone, WhatsApp or email) to assist or answer questions, in addition to weekly online meetings being scheduled with each person responsible for the intervention with the child to monitor the intervention. To verify the effectiveness of the training, before and after the end of the intervention program, instruments were applied to evaluate executive functions in both groups: IFERA, questionnaires for parents or guardians of the CG and EG groups and semi-structured interviews with the parents of the GE. The application of all these instruments was carried out remotely. The results of the present study point to the effectiveness of PICFE in the development of children's executive functions, mainly in inhibitory control, working memory and aversion to delay, assessed by IFERA. Through the interviews it was observed that in addition to parents noticing an improvement in executive functions such as motivation and organization, they also reported an improvement in their relationship with their children.
Ontogenia de cingulados juvenis do quaternário da Bahia, Brasil: morfologia e paleobiologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-12)
Rêgo, Nancy de Fátima Chaves
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2750
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3379429134552519
Members of the Order Cingulata are placental mammals with articulated bony armor covering their bodies. They represent the most diverse group within the superorder Xenarthra, among which the glyptodonts (Glyptodontinae) comprise the most peculiar armored herbivores. This is a clade whose oldest specimens originate from tropical areas of South America during the Middle to Late Miocene. Their fossil record is mainly represented by disarticulated osteoderms and skull fragments. Juvenile specimens of cingulates are relatively frequent in fossil collections; however, knowledge about their juvenile stages is still incipient. The morphological variations seen in different developmental stages of taxa are important for understanding their life history, especially concerning fossil material due to biases presented by the record. In this research, we describe two juvenile specimens of Cingulata Glyptodontinae, attributed to the genus Glyptotherium Osborn, 1903, collected at Gruta da Lapinha, Iramaia, BA. Detailed morphological evidence of juvenile individuals is described, including an almost complete hemimandible, dental morphology, postcranial bones, and the ornamentation pattern of osteoderms, as well as information regarding their diet and feeding habits derived from mesowear and microwear (texture analysis) dental studies. Additionally, the development of methodologies using tools that would be applied to teeth still attached to the mandible and extremely fragile is proposed. Finally, the protocol's applicability developed for the above purpose is demonstrated in samples reported at the end of this research.
Necessidade de apoio de jovens/adultos com deficiência intelectual na perspectiva de pais, professores e o próprio indivíduo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-12)
Freitas, Polyane Gabrielle de
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Zutião, Patricia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0128895328177900
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-4151
;
Galvani, Márcia Duarte
Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, manifesting before the age of 22. Adaptive behavior encompasses conceptual, social, and practical skills fundamental to autonomy, social participation, and independent living. In this context, assessing the intensity of support becomes essential, as it allows for the identification of the necessary support to promote the development and quality of life of this population. This study aimed to analyze the intensity of the need for support related to the adaptive functioning of young people and adults with ID, from the perspective of the participants themselves, their parents/guardians, and the teacher, as well as to verify agreements and disagreements between the responses of the different respondents. This is a descriptive and comparative interpretive study conducted in a specialized institution, with the participation of eight young people and adults with ID, their families, and the teacher in charge. Data collection involved interviews and the application of the Support Intensity Scale (SIS) across the three perspectives, allowing for a comparative analysis of perceptions about the need for support. Agreements and disagreements among respondents were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the most recurrent levels of support intensity ranged from low to intermediate, with a greater need for support in the areas of Lifelong Learning, Community Life, Employment, and Health and Safety, while the areas of Domestic and Social Life showed lower levels of support. It was observed that family members tended to indicate higher levels of need for support when compared to the participants themselves, who, in general, perceived themselves as more autonomous. The teacher presented intermediate assessments, oscillating between family perceptions and the participants' self-perception. The agreements between the three perspectives indicate a shared recognition of the need for support in skills more directly related to daily routines, especially in the domains of Domestic and Social Life. On the other hand, the disagreements, most evident in the areas of Lifelong Learning, Employment, and Community Life, reveal differing expectations, influenced by distinct contexts of coexistence, opportunities offered, and more protective or more functional views regarding autonomy. In this sense, the data highlight the relevance of listening to the person with intellectual disability as an active subject in assessing their support needs, since their self-perception contributes to broadening the understanding of their adaptive functioning and supporting the planning of more realistic, contextualized, and individual-centered support. It is concluded that assessing the intensity of support from multiple perspectives fosters a broader and more integrated understanding of support needs, strengthening educational, social, and occupational practices committed to autonomy, social participation, and inclusion.
O efeito mais que etnográfico: Literatura como retomada, autoria e ativismo de mulheres indígenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-13)
Barbosa, Thais Viana
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Peggion, Edmundo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-9417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8616628968087850
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 and it consists of an ethnography of the complete works of two Brazilian indigenous female writers, whose publications have strengthened the historical struggle of indigenous peoples in Brazil. Seeking to demonstrate that contemporary indigenous literature is an extension of indigenous cosmopolitics, the aesthetic, political, and politicizing character of each publication is discussed. By bringing together concepts central to anthropology and literary studies, it is evident that the writing of Eliane Potiguara and Márcia Wayna Kambeba-Omágua traverses bodies and territories in a movement that updates and reaffirms indigenous onto-epistemic diversity in Brazil and Latin America. By bringing indigenous and non-indigenous worlds into relation, this literature acknowledges conflict and alterity as something that manifests between partially connected worlds. In their testimonial, autobiographical, and auto ethnographical aspects, Potiguara and Kambeba's publications delineate indigenous cosmologies onto literature and develop decolonizing epistemologies. As part of indigenous activism, this literature has demonstrated itself as a reclaiming, activism, and authorship in a writing that reverberates worlds and their human and non-human constituents.
Estudo teórico das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas de nitretos de carbono grafíticos intercalados com Na⁺ e Mg²⁺ em reações de fotocatálise de evolução de H₂
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-13)
Silva, Caio Vinícius Caetano Ribeiro da
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Moura, André Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746428641961163
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-4803
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506399855359348
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is a semiconductor material with many nitrogen rings (pores) throughout its structure and constituted by several layers stacked on top of each other united by van der Waals forces. One of its potential applications is as a photocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions. Recently, g-C₃N₄ intercalated with alkali or alkaline earth metals in its structure, also known as poly(heptazine imide) alkali metal salts (M-PHI), showed superior photocatalytic activity than conventional g-C₃N₄. Given this experimental evidence, the materials Na-PHI and Mg-PHI were studied through classical molecular dynamics simulations and excited state calculations, in order to better understand the organization of cations throughout the structure of this material, their role in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions, and the reason why Mg-PHI has higher photocatalytic activity than Na-PHI. In molecular dynamics simulation, it was found that the preferred position of the Na⁺ cation was always as close as possible to the vertice’s pores of this material, and as the number of layers increased, the amount of Na⁺ confined inside the pores also increased. Furthermore, it was observed throughout the molecular dynamics trajectory that there was always a smaller amount of cations inside the pores of Mg-PHI compared to Na-PHI, thus allowing more space for water molecules to accommodate themselves inside. This first difference between these two systems can be considered one of the reasons why the photocatalytic activity of Mg-PHI is greater than Na-PHI. Another factor that may also contribute to this is the presence of a larger hydration layer around the Mg²⁺, which leads to the hypothesis that the role of cations in these reactions is to stabilize the water molecules inside the pores. The excited state calculations corroborate to this hypothesis, since the analysis of the natural transition orbitals (NTO) around the experimental region of interest (420 nm) showed that in the transition with the highest oscillator strength (most probable), the NTO hole is much more localized in the PHI sheet, while the NTO particle is located both in the PHI sheets and in the water molecules around the Mg²⁺ cations inside the central pore, thus indicating that there is a probability of photoelectrons be transferred from the PHI sheets to the water molecules belonging the Mg²⁺ solvation sphere. A similar pattern was also found in the NTOs for the transition with the second highest oscillator strength in this region, although in this transition there was a higher probability of electron-hole recombination than the photoelectron transfer to the water molecule.
O "horror" do cotidiano feminino: um estudo de quatro contos de Amparo Dávila
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-13)
Freitas, Gabriela Seguesse
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-9169
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8345925006384342
This master's thesis aims to investigate the underlying horror in the daily lives of the female protagonists in four short stories by the Mexican writer Amparo Dávila: “El huésped” (1959), “La señorita Julia” (1959), “El último verano” (1977), and “Tina Reyes” (1961), which highlight the underlying horror in the daily lives of women whose existence was predominantly confined to the domestic and familial sphere in most of the 20th century. The analysis of these short stories reveals the recurrent presence of images and symbols, such as the monster figure, the house depicted as locus horribilis, marital ties as a source of conflict for the protagonists, and the uncanny, characteristics that connect Dávila’s writing to the Female Gothic, a term coined by feminist literary critics in the 1970s to trace a tradition among Gothic works written by women and emphasize the experiences of these authors. Recognition of this tradition is crucial, as many female writers face an “anxiety of authorship,” seeking representation in a literary tradition that often appears absent. Additionally, in Latin American literature, the presence of gothic and horror aesthetics was long denied, possibly due to a reluctance to admit European influence. However, reclaiming and positioning works like those of Dávila in the literary universe can expand the diversity of stories analyzed through these categories. Therefore, this study seeks to examine how these narrative resources expose gender issues in Dávila’s four selected stories and, in doing so, question: What can the anxieties of these protagonists reveal about the daily life of women in the second half of the 20th century?
Cartografia Escolar no contexto digital: o estado do conhecimento no Brasil de 1998 até 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-13)
Camargo, Guilherme Galvão de
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4151
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3797572218347432
Los estudios que exploran la Cartografía Escolar en Brasil están experimentando un notable crecimiento, como se puede observar en los eventos que se llevan a cabo sobre esta temática, así como en las producciones académicas (tesis y disertaciones). Además, el contexto en el que vivimos, un mundo digital y conectado en redes, nos muestra nuevas metodologías que emergen y permiten nuevas prácticas. Estas aproximaciones innovadoras aplicadas a la enseñanza de la cartografía están comenzando a alinearse con el escenario contemporáneo de nuestra sociedad, inmersa en un mundo cada vez más interconectado y digital. En este contexto digital, la Cartografía Escolar asume un papel crucial al ofrecer un enfoque mejorado para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, tanto para los estudiantes como para los profesores de la red básica de enseñanza. El principal propósito de este trabajo es Cartografiar los materiales académicos existentes, identificando lo que las investigaciones nos revelan, con el objetivo de ampliar nuestro entendimiento sobre cómo la Cartografía Escolar en este contexto digital puede optimizarse para satisfacer las demandas educativas actuales.
Administração crônica de melatonina sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas com hipoestrogenismo induzido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-14)
Castro, Milena Rossales
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Beck, Wladimir Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3124811889307056
Hypoestrogenism is associated with imbalances in bone tissue. Hormonal deficiency compromises bone remodeling and increases the chances of fractures. In this context, melatonin has been studied as a promising pharmacological method and an alternative to treatments with adverse effects. However, bone is not a simple organ to modulate, and there are inconclusive findings in the literature regarding the appropriate hormonal protocol to observe impacts on bone properties. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of chronic melatonin administration under hypoestrogenism conditions on bone parameters commonly compromised by estrogen deficiency. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (GC); ovariectomized group (GO); melatonin group (GM); and ovariectomized + melatonin group (GOM). GO and GOM underwent bilateral ovariectomy at 15 weeks of age to induce hypoestrogenism. One week later, daily administration of melatonin (10 mg/kg) by orogastric gavage began, during the animals' nighttime period, over 12 weeks. After this intervention period, femurs were collected and bone tissue analyses were conducted, including metric, physical, chemical, and mechanical measurements. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using two-way ANOVA to compare the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and melatonin (MEL), with Newman-Keuls post-hoc test at a 5% significance level. The results show that MEL increased bone length (F=10.02, p<0.05), with no effect from OVX. OVX reduced bone density (F=28.76, p<0.01) and mineral density (F=50.34, p<0.01), with no effect from MEL. OVX increased bone water content (F=29.58, p<0.01) and reduced mineral percentage (F=36.87, p<0.01), with no effect from MEL on both. In the cortical fracture test, OVX had no effect on maximum load and fracture load, while MEL increased both properties (F=9.93, p<0.01; F=7.36, p<0.05). For calcium and phosphorus content, there was no significant effect from OVX and MEL. Overall, OVX caused impairments in bone parameters, and MEL had partial beneficial effects, but was not effective in neutralizing all the consequences of estrogen deficiency. Despite this, considering the comprehensive analysis of the investigated parameters, hormonal treatment showed potential in mitigating bone quality deterioration in contexts of osteometabolic disorders induced by hypoestrogenism.
Aspectos da fresagem em pavimentos reforçados com geossintéticos e impacto do fresado (RAP) nas propriedades de misturas asfálticas recicladas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-14)
Souza, Tiago Rodrigues
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Correia, Natália de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2172645507238077
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6863267919854381
With the growing use of geosynthetic interlayers, such as geogrids, geotextiles and paving geocomposites in asphalt rehabilitation projects, there is an anticipated increase in cases where asphalt layers containing these interlayers need to be milled. While there is substantial experience in milling traditional asphalt layers, the presence of polymeric or fiberglass interlayers introduces new challenges to pavement engineering. As a result, understanding how the milling process for asphalt layers with geosynthetic interlayers differs from conventional asphalt milling has become increasingly important. The milled material, referred to as Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) when containing geosynthetics, here nominated G-RAP, exhibits unique characteristics that differentiate it from conventional RAP. Due to the limited information on the milling processes and characteristics of RAP produced from geosynthetic-reinforced pavements, it is essential to explore the millability of these reinforced pavements and the challenges associated with milling them. Furthermore, research should be conducted to assess the feasibility of reusing G-RAP in the production of new recycled asphalt mix. This study involved constructing an experimental test track with five different geosynthetic-reinforced asphalt sections at Salvador International Airport in Brazil. The findings indicated that all geosynthetic interlayers were capable of being milled without causing inefficiencies in the milling operations. Successful milling was achieved by operating at the maximum milling speed of 320 rpm, with the use of water. Fiberglass products were observed to mill effectively, while polymeric products showed minor entanglements. It is recommended that the milling depth be at least 25 mm below the geosynthetic position within the asphalt layers. G-RAPs were collected and characterized, showing physical differences and positive mechanical influences in new HMA mixtures recycled with 20% G-RAP, particularly in Marshall stability, Indirect Tensile Strength, and Resilient Modulus Marshall stability. The results of the present study confirm that geosynthetic-reinforced asphalt layers are millable, with potential for the reuse of the generated G-RAP in new asphalt mixtures.
“A gente se vira nas entregas”: experiências de trabalho dos cicloentregadores à luz do discurso empreendedor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-14)
Perin, João Pedro Ferreira
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Pires, Aline Suelen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5932-1050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6043529633287444
Au milieu des récentes évolutions impliquant l'intensification de la flexibilité des relations et des contrats de travail, associée à l'impératif d'une rationalité entrepreneuriale comme moyen de justifier les modes d'être et de vivre dans le monde d'aujourd'hui, la plateformisation du travail se consolide de plus en plus. Le travail sur plateforme correspond aux activités qui sont médiées, organisées et régies par le biais de plateformes numériques. Ces dernières années, plusieurs villes brésiliennes ont vu apparaître des livreurs à vélo via des applications, plus connus sous le nom de livreurs à vélo. Cette catégorie est principalement composée de jeunes noirs et périphériques. Dans ce contexte, cette étude vise à comprendre et analyser comment l'entrepreneuriat est assimilé et utilisé en tant que stratégie construite, redéfinie et expérimentée par les livreurs à vélo dans la municipalité de São Paulo-SP. Cette recherche a été menée auprès des livreurs par application dans la capitale pauliste, en se concentrant sur un groupe de cyclistes livreurs près de la Praça da República. L'étude, d'ethnographie, a impliqué une observation participante et des entretiens approfondis, analysant les trajectoires des interviewés. Les résultats indiquent qu'une partie significative des livreurs à vélo rejette les relations de travail dont le cadre normatif est l'emploi salarié (contrat de travail). Cet horizon d'attentes est construit autour de la perception de liberté et d'autonomie, ce qui signifie objectivement la possibilité de définir ses propres horaires de travail, perçue de manière positive. Pour eux, l'idée de l'entrepreneuriat a une valorisation positive et représente une possibilité réelle de vie et de travail compatible avec leurs valeurs. Les livreurs à vélo assimilent la culture entrepreneuriale à travers un ensemble de pratiques et de valeurs qui forment une éthique de la débrouillardise, développée tout au long de leurs trajectoires de vie complexes, marquées par des environnements incertains, rares et parfois violents. Cela conduit à des interprétations variées du discours entrepreneurial, l'adaptant à leurs besoins quotidiens pour atteindre des objectifs spécifiques et planifier des stratégies financières et des projets d'avenir.
Plantas indicadoras e relações edafológicas em hortas urbanas no município de São Paulo (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-14)
Souza, Angélica Oliveira de
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Nascimento, Ana Paula Branco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1522795968175184
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5342-8359
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Borsatto, Ricardo Serra
Sustainable agriculture is one of the pathways to sustainable development of the planet. In this context, urban gardens can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, proposed by the United Nations (UN) in 2015. The present study aimed to characterize urban gardens in the municipality of São Paulo, verify the presence of spontaneous plants, and their correlation with soil nutrients. Ten urban gardens were selected within the municipality of São Paulo. Initially, the gardens were characterized through the author's visits, using photographs and observations with the respective managers. Next, the species of spontaneous plants present in these spaces were identified and quantified. Subsequently, a phytosociological survey was conducted. Finally, soil analyses were performed to correlate soil quality with the spontaneous plants found in the gardens. During the on-site visits, it was found that these gardens contribute to the SDGs by conserving green areas in the city, promoting environmental education, social interaction, production, and access to healthy food for the urban and peri-urban population. The most representative (relative importance) spontaneous plant species found, with invasive potential, were Trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.), Picão-branco (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) and Dinheiro-em-penca (Callisia repens.). Soil analyses demonstrated some positive correlations between plants and nutrients, indicating the amount of organic matter in the species with the highest relative importance, such as Commelina benghalensis, Amaranthus sp., and Galinsoga parviflora. But studies with a larger number of samples are still needed to obtain more conclusive results. Some of the plants found have food and medicinal potential.