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Transposição Didática da Geometria Diferencial ligada à Cartografia: apoio ao professor de Matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-25) Moreno, Thaís Santos; Venezuela, Antonio Luís; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722224671269332; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465414608308304
Theoretically based on Differential Geometry, this writing highlights the relevance of this complex mathematical area and its potential to enrich the Mathematics teaching and learning, especially at more advanced levels. By studying Differential Geometry, it was possible to establish a connection between this content and elementary education, especially in the artography study, whose skill is included in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). Connection between Differential Geometry and Cartography aims to provide broader and more contextualized theoretical support to the teacher. Didactic Transposition is explored as an important strategy for this integration. Through it, it is possible to translate the abstract concepts of Differential Geometry into a language accessible to students, making the educational process more meaningful. The developed class plan offers ideas to improve pedagogical practice, highlighting the expressive role of the teacher when preparing their classes, not only as a transmitter of knowledge, but as a learning process facilitator, promoting interdisciplinary connections and stimulating critical thinking and creativity of students.
Força muscular e capacidade de exercício em pacientes hospitalizados: uma análise transversal das populações DPOC exacerbada versus insuficiência cardíaca descompensada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-25) Peixoto, Mariana Fernandes; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2657; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8296984206469483; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6629-5479
Chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases impose a significant burden on healthcare systems and economies, sharing risk factors and control measures. Both conditions involve muscular strength impairment, yet comparative evidence on the magnitude of this impairment is scarce. Therefore, understanding the impact of muscle weakness on exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) and decompensated heart failure (DHF) is essential for clinical practice, potentially optimizing care and improving functional outcomes for these patients. Objectives: To analyze whether there is a difference in peripheral muscle strength impairment and exercise capacity in hospitalized patients with exacerbations of COPD and decompensated heart failure. Additionally, we aim to assess whether muscle strength contributes to exercise intolerance in these populations. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with exacerbated COPD and decompensated HF, assessed between 24 and 72 hours after hospital admission. Evaluation included grip strength, quadriceps muscle strength, and exercise capacity using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: Each group consisted of 15 patients. Regarding mean grip strength, quadriceps strength, and exercise capacity, both groups showed a mean below 70% of predicted values. When analyzing the relationship between grip strength, quadriceps strength, and 6MWT distance, a high percentage of patients in both groups exhibited muscle weakness and low exercise capacity (67% in the ECOPD group and 87% in the DHF group). We observed greater variability in systolic blood pressure post-exercise, higher peak heart rate, increased dyspnea, and greater fatigue in lower limbs during exercise in the ECOPD group. There was no significant correlation between muscle strength and 6MWT distance in the ECOPD group, whereas a moderate and significant correlation was found between grip strength and 6MWT distance (R= 0.52, p = 0.04), and a strong and significant correlation between quadriceps strength and 6MWT distance (r = 0.79, p < 0.01) in the DHF group. Conclusion: Muscle strength impairment and exercise capacity are similar between COPD and HF populations during acute exacerbations. While muscle weakness may be an important factor associated with exercise capacity in DHF patients, exercise limitation in ECOPD patients appears to be influenced by more intense symptoms.
Projeto principal de educação para América Latina e o Caribe (PPE 1980-2000) e alfabetização de adultos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-25) Dornfeld, Larissa Mendes Gontijo; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3599153832578060
The thesis aims to analyze the recommendations for adult literacy in the first ten years of development of the Major Project of Education for Latin America and the Caribbean approved by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization for implementation in the period from 1980 to 2000. The thesis targets three literacy experiences in Latin America and the Caribbean: Argentina, Nicaragua, and Cuba. It takes as its theoretical-methodological framework concepts of history based on Le Goff (2010) and Bloch (1963) and dialogues with other authors to produce this research. It adopts the methodology of historical research and, thus, examines twenty bulletins by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization during the first ten years of the project, as well as texts produced by this organization during the period. The thesis concludes that thinking of literacy as an ally of economic and social development, as advocated in the PPE (1980-2000), does not contribute to the construction of a more just world for all, since such a purpose only helps to maintain, in the past and present, a world economic order founded on the exploitation of the poor (countries and people) and inequalities.
Confecção de órteses para membros superiores em adultos com disfunções físicas em um projeto de extensão de terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-25) Silva, Juliana Cristina Venancio; Paiva, Gisele; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385641297899352; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-7794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0578691307702986; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-1729
The high prevalence of hand injuries and diseases has a significant impact on people's occupational performance and occupational therapy intervention plays a crucial role in promoting rehabilitation and improving their quality of life. Introduction: The manufacture and prescription of orthoses in an individualized and personalized way seeks to maximize the functionality, autonomy and social participation of these individuals, with a view to resuming daily activities and reintegrating them into meaningful occupations. Objectives: The research aims to identify the demands and establish a relationship between the types of orthoses made and the diagnoses presented by the participants assisted during the occupational therapy extension project called “ Manufacture of Orthoses for Upper Limbs in Adults with Physical Dysfunctions” carried out in a Health Unit linked to a Federal University in the interior of São Paulo. Methodology: This is a quantitative and descriptive study, which analyzes the relationships between variables using standardized data collection techniques, for which we will use the records of the extension project's census notebook, from June 2017 to June 2023. The main instrument will be data collection, which in turn will include information such as age, diagnosis and type of orthosis made. Results: The average age of the patients treated was 54.8 years, with the lowest age being 15 and the highest 85. With regard to the total number of orthoses (n=225) devices made according to the data collected from the Extension Project's Orthosis Census, the most commonly made were cock-up orthoses, type eight orthoses and dynamic orthoses. The most common diagnoses were carpal tunnel syndrome, various injuries and trigger fingers. Conclusions: The importance of ongoing research into data on the manufacture of upper limb orthoses in the practice of occupational therapists was noted. This study has limitations, as the orthosis census records had some inconsistent information, and only one health unit's extension project was analyzed. Future studies could include more projects and/or health units in order to gain a better understanding of the most common orthoses and diagnoses.
Um framework conceitual para a seleção de sensores móveis para fenotipagem digital de estudantes com possível perfil depressivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-25) Ribeiro, Matheus Coelho de Moura; Guardia, Hélio Crestana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967; Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-8700
This capstone project presents the development of a framework for selecting mobile sensors for the digital phenotyping of university students with possible depressive profiles. Inspired by a seminal study by Torous that analyzes digital phenotyping in varied contexts, this work performs a critical reinterpretation of this literature to adapt and apply concepts to the specific context of depression in academic settings. The proposed framework was developed based on a review of existing work that uses behavioral data captured by sensors on smartphones and other mobile devices, such as GPS and accelerometers, to identify patterns that may be related to depressive symptoms. The methodology involved collaborative discussions with experts in computing and health, seeking to align the technical capabilities of the sensors with the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of potentially depressed students. As a result, possible relationships are presented between the data collected by the sensors and symptoms of depression. This study aims to provide a basis for future practical implementations of computer systems mental health support, using accessible and non-intrusive technologies in educational contexts.
Chikungunya no Brasil: modelagem matemática e simulações da dinâmica de transmissão da doença
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-25) Felipe, Néder Soares; Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4841; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2592429354308783; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6563-3174
Chikungunya is a viral disease primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since its introduction in Brazil in 2014, the disease has spread rapidly, becoming a significant public health problem. This study aims to explore the transmission dynamics of Chikungunya in Brazil through mathematical modeling. We use compartmental models to describe and predict the disease’s spread, formulating ordinary differential equations solved by the numerical Euler method. The methodology also included estimating the model parameters, fitting them to actual observational data. The results demonstrate that the developed model can replicate aspects of the transmission dynamics of Chikungunya, identifying critical factors that influence its spread. We conclude that mathematical modeling is an essential tool for formulating public policies and more effective control strategies, significantly contributing to the epidemiological understanding of Chikungunya in Brazil.