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Lesão por pressão em adultos internados por COVID-19: estudo caso-controle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Oliveira, Isabella Gerin de; Santos, Sigrid de Sousa dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0475600621927610; Napoleão, Anamaria Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-4206; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1492161925324795; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-5443
Incidents related to healthcare constitute a public health problem. One of the most frequently reported adverse events is pressure injury (PI). The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this scenario, leading to an increase in the number of prolonged hospital admissions requiring intensive care and invasive respiratory support. Institutions needed to prepare to offer health care with safety and quality. Understanding the characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 associated with the development of PI and lethality can help define care and resource allocation strategies to prevent adverse events. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of PI and lethal outcome in adult individuals hospitalized with SARS due to COVID-19 in a public university hospital. Methods: Nested case-control study of the development of PI in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at HU-UFSCar. The cases and controls were selected from a sample used for the Cohort Study of lethality of adult individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 2020 and February 2021 (Study 1). Only in the Cohort Study, the patients transferred from service, without information on discharge/death, were excluded. For the selection of the Case-control Study (Study 2), participants were matched by sex, age and date of hospitalization. The independent variables (exposure) evaluated were sociodemographic, clinical and health care-related characteristics. Data collection was carried out from medical records using an electronic form (RedCap). The database was exported to a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet and evaluated using Epi Info 7 software and IBM SPSS software, version 25, where uni and multivariate logistic regression analysis (Backward) was performed. Results: The study enrolled 373 individuals, with mean age of 61.2 years, 56.3% male, with a PI incidence rate of 17.2%. In the cohort study (Study 1), after excluding individuals transferred from an institution, without information on the outcome, the sample consisted of 349 individuals, with a mortality rate from COVID-19 of 15.3%. The characteristics associated with higher mortality were being from another municipality (OR 4.15), having kidney disease (OR 4.20), hydroeletrolitic disorders (OR 3.43), having needed sedatives/anesthetics (OR 11.71) or invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 3.93). In the case-control study of the development of PI (Study 2), a sample of 202 participants was selected (52 cases and 150 controls), regardless of whether the outcome was discharge, death or transfer. The characteristics associated with the development of PI were previous diagnosis of neurological disease (OR 3.74), diabetes (OR 4.51), gastrointestinal tract disease (OR 5.42), use of sedative/anesthetic drugs (OR 18.06), the development of edema (OR 2.84) and length of stay (OR 1.07). Conclusion: In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, lethality appears to have been influenced by the greater severity, but also by the lack of resources with waiting time for transfer between municipalities, and by the difficulty in maintaining the fluid and electrolyte balance. Individuals who developed PI made more use of sedative or anesthetic drugs, had more gastrointestinal tract disease, diabetes or neurological disease and had a longer hospital stay, and had also more frequently developed edema during hospitalization.
Quais os fatores associados a se ter o suporte necessário quando a pessoa idosa tem dificuldade e precisa de ajuda em atividades de vida diária?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Borges, Marina Miranda; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7113784228035335; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-6722
Introduction: With the advance of age, difficulties may happen when accomplishing basic (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Understanding which socioeconomic, access to the support network and health services conditions determine that the older people receive the support when there are difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) are essential to plan the social health network. Objective: Analyze the compelling points of having support when the older people show difficulties and need help to execute IADL or IADL and BADL. Methodology: Transversal (crosswise) study involving 1,428 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA Study) in 2012 who showed difficulties and needed help performing IADL or IADL and BADL. The participants with difficulties in IADL were divided in two groups regarding the closure: 1) those who do not receive the assistance they need; and 2) those who receive the assistance they need. The participants with difficulties in both IADL and BADL were also divided in two groups: 1) those who do not receive the assistance they need; and 2) those who receive the assistance they need. The variables of exposition were: socio-demographic and psycho-social data, including the family household, the family composition, social participation and the formal support network. Two logistic regression models were utilized to analyse which associated factors of having the necessary assistance when the older people show difficulties and need help to execute IADL or IADL and BADL using groups with no assistance as reference. Results: Being older than 80 years old (OR=3,85 IC95% 1,83–8,07), being a woman (OR=2,01 IC95% 1,14–3,54), belonging to the biggest quintile income group (OR=2,68 IC95% 1,01 7,13), having siblings (OR=2,13 IC95% 1,16–3,92) and attending to social clubs (OR=2,79 IC95% 1,26–6,16) were the factors associated with having the assistance when oneself showed difficulties only in IADL, while being married (OR=0,29 IC95% 0,09–0,90) and attending churches or religious groups (OR=0,50 IC95% 0,97–0,92) were factors associated with less chance of having the assistance when they needed. Being a man (OR=1,40 IC95% 1,05–1,88), not living alone (OR=1,81 IC95% 1,10 3,03), being married (OR=2,01 IC95% 1,24–3,27) and having a homecare support (OR=8,00 IC95% 3,80–16,82) were the factors associated with having the assistance when oneself showed difficulties in IADL and BADL. Conclusion: For those who have difficulty and need help only in IADL, the biggest income, the household composition 7 characteristics and the social participation were associated with having the proper assistance. Those who have difficulty in both IADL and BADL, the formal care was an important associated factor. Knowing these characteristics is essential and it contributes to plan the social health network and to formulate public policies that effectively assist older people who show difficulty and need help with IADL and BADL but do not have it.
Tendência da distribuição das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária relacionadas às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no Estado de São Paulo no período de 2016 a 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Pereira, Helena Nayara Santos; Uehara, Sílvia Carla da Silva André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903413440784581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-5025; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2391232740724042; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6766-4907
To analyze the trend of hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) related to non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) from 2016 to 2022 in the state of São Paulo. Method: This is an ecological study using secondary data from ICSAP related to NCDs in the State of São Paulo, obtained from the Hospital Information System (SIH) of DATASUS. The independent variables included sex, age, cause of admission, nature of admission, and ZIP code of the municipality of residence. Descriptive analyses were conducted for the independent variables, as well as for incidence, mortality, and lethality (dependent variables). To evaluate the spatial autocorrelations of the variables of interest, univariate and bivariate Global Moran's Indices were calculated; after estimating the global indices, bivariate Local Moran's indices were calculated, allowing the identification of clusters. Changes in monthly rates between 2020 and 2023 were analyzed using a joinpoint regression model based on Poisson regression. Results: ICSAP accounted for an average of 7.6% of total admissions during the study period, with 2016 recording the highest number of ICSAP among general admissions, representing 8.24% of the admissions that year. It was found that the majority of NCD admissions were recorded among males in all analyzed years, with an average of 52.8%, and the highest number of admissions was recorded in the age group 60 to 69 years, followed by the age group 70 to 79 years. An increase in the number of deaths was observed between 2019 and 2021, with 2020 and 2021 showing the highest numbers during the period, followed by a reduction in 2022. The leading cause of hospitalizations was cerebrovascular diseases, followed by diabetes mellitus (DM), with a reduction in hospitalizations related to hypertension (HAS) and stable cases of angina between 2019 and 2022. Pulmonary diseases and asthma showed variations over the years, with increases between 2020 and 2022. Regarding heart failure, a significant increase was recorded in 2022. In the State of São Paulo, two periods of reduction in global ICSAP averages related to NCDs were observed, from August 2017 to February 2018 and from June 2020 to December 2022. A slight positive spatial correlation was also noted between the ICSAP coefficient and GDP in 2022, indicating that municipalities with higher coefficients tended to have higher GDPs. Additionally, a slight positive spatial correlation was observed between the ICSAP coefficient and GDP per capita in 2016, 2021, and 2022, suggesting that municipalities with higher ICSAP coefficients also tended to have higher GDP per capita. In the univariate analysis, a slight positive spatial correlation was found between the ICSAP coefficient related to NCDs in all analyzed years. This means that the values of the Global Moran Index (GMI) indicated a direct, albeit slight, correlation, as they were positive and close to zero, indicating statistical significance in all years. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a slight positive spatial correlation between the ICSAP coefficient and GDP in 2022, indicating that municipalities with higher ICSAP coefficients had higher GDPs. A positive correlation was also observed between the ICSAP coefficient and GDP per capita in 2016, 2021, and 2022. Most RAs showed changes in admission trends during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an initial increase in NCD admissions followed by a subsequent decrease. This pattern was more evident in the RAs of Barretos, Sorocaba, São José dos Campos, São José do Rio Preto, Santos, Ribeirão Preto, and Itapeva, suggesting that the pandemic may have exacerbated NCDs.
Avaliação e seleção de rizobactérias associadas a Paspalum vaginatum para desenvolvimento de novos bioinsumos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Lisboa, Paulo Henrique Gomes; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-5085; Lacava, Paulo Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-606X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8925395485329613; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-6499
Embrapa Southeast Livestock holds the second-largest germplasm bank of Paspalum in the world, including Paspalum vaginatum, a coastal plant resistant to saline and waterlogged soils, used for erosion control and sports lawns and P. regnellii, a highly nutritious grass with potential use as forage. Research in the US turfgrass industry has received investments, but its environmental and productive impacts are still uncertain. In the Brazilian market, Paspalum sp. has been attracting attention; however, there are still few grass producers of this genus. These industries benefit from applying P. vaginatum since it has high salt tolerance and is a dense grass with an intense color, making it ideal for landscaping and sports fields in coastal areas. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can sustainably increase productivity by improving nutrient availability and aiding in plant establishment. The formulation of bioinputs can ensure the sustainability of production systems and Brazil's autonomy with agroecological technologies. This work aims to characterize and identify 145 rhizosphere bacteria from P. vaginatum, evaluating their in vitro potential for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) (18 % of isolates), phosphate solubilization (PS) (18.6 %), indolic compounds production (0.09 to 57.38 ug.mL-1), and antagonism to phytopathogenic fungi Bipolaris sp. and Colletotrichum sp. which cause leaf spot and anthracnose diseases in Paspalum species, respectively. Eight isolates showed antagonistic capacity against both phytopathogenic fungi. Five promising isolates in the in vitro BNF and PSI assays, also indolic compounds producers, were selected for plant growth promotion in P. vaginatum in a greenhouse, using the bioinoculant BiomaPhos® as a positive control. The identified rhizobacteria belong to various genera, including Actinomycetia, Agrobacterium, Amycolatopsis, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Dyella, Enterobacter, Kitasatospora, Paenibacillus, Priestia, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Streptomyces, among others. The inoculation of the five selected isolates in P. vaginatum resulted in average root dry biomass statistically similar to the commercial inoculant BiomaPhos and the control, with no harmful effects. In Brazil, it is currently estimated that 32.5 thousand hectares of the territory are dedicated to grass production. Simultaneously, the sustainability of pastures, essential for Brazilian livestock, requires proper management and phosphorus fertilization, usually using expensive superphosphates or gradually releasing natural phosphates. Superphosphates have high agronomic efficiency but raise future sustainability concerns. Therefore, exploring the combined use of phosphate fertilizers with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is a path to consider. This study also investigated rhizobacteria associated with P. vaginatum associated with P. vaginatum in the initial development and control of anthracnose in another species of the genus, P. regnellii, which has high forage potential. Five rhizospheric isolates were tested in vivo for growth promotion by increasing dry biomass in P. regnellii, using BiomaPhos® as a positive control, and subjected to in vitro soluble P quantification. Bacteria selected based on in vitro phosphate solubilization quantification were subjected to an initial establishment assay in P. regnellii in a greenhouse, in soil fertilized with triple superphosphate, Araxá rock and Bayovar rock, as well as the control (unfertilized soil). Isolates with antagonistic activity were selected for biocontrol tests against Colletotrichum sp., the etiological agent of anthracnose in P. regnellii and in a greenhouse. Rhizobacteria associated with P. vaginatum showed a positive effect on germination and establishment of P. regnellii when combined with soil corrected with lime and fertilized with triple superphosphate and in limed, unfertilized soil, highlighting isolate 5 (Acinetobacter sp.). Isolate 111 (Amycolatopsis sp.) significantly reduced the intensity of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sp. in P. regnellii.
Processo de gestão e publicação de dados imagéticos territoriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Andrade, Júlia Neves; Miyasaka, Elza Luli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353923902800804; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-9672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0955596180947675; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-4142
In the context of Smart Cities, the open availability and dissemination of information helps in the development of research, management and actions. The objective of this research is to define guidelines to describe and systematize the publication of territorial imagery data and other urban data in an open manner, such as aerial photographs, orthophotos and point clouds. Justification: Data of this dimension are useful for professionals related to the Urban area and contribute to urban development. Sharing this data is significant for researchers who are interested in the evolution of a location both for technical use and as an image object, they bring historical depth and a sense of belonging to the population, thus, it is possible to integrate and bring identity to citizens and the community. municipality, essential for the construction of citizenship. The availability of aerial photographs plays a fundamental role in urban planning, and provides accurate and comprehensive information that supports decision-making and actions related to the development and management of cities. The research method aims to evaluate the DCC's digital curation life cycle to guide the management of digital collections, such as territorial photographs and other urban data, in addition to analyzing tools that assist in the creation of digital collections of territorial photographs and urban data, the method's steps aim to provide guidelines for the management and publication of this data, in addition to proposing tools for this purpose. As a result, a proposal is presented with the needs for using software to aid in the publication and management of territorial imagery information for cities. In conclusion, the use of an appropriate platform contributes to the management, preservation and accessibility of digital objects as outlined by the DCC.
Indicação de estudantes estrangeiras com altas capacidades em uma universidade federal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Oliveira, Ana Paula Santos de; Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-9745; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5187089424203603; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-2595
Students with high abilities are those who demonstrate high potential in any of the following areas, isolated or combined: intellectual, academic, leadership, psychomotor and arts. They demonstrate, or have the potential to demonstrate, exceptionally high ability in relation to an ability to learn, create or perform, and/or cognitive ability well above average or within a specific domain, academic or non-academic. The literature points out that the identification of high abilities in adults is very limited and mostly focused on children and adolescents. This identification becomes less visible when it comes to women with high abilities and in the academic sphere of higher education. Therefore, this exploratory field study aims to identify high ability in foreign students at a Brazilian federal public university. The specific objectives were: To translate and adapt the instruments: Questionário para Identificação de Indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação – Adultos (QIIAHSD – Adultos); Questionário para Identificação de Indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação – Adultos – 2ª Fonte (QIIAHSD – Adultos – 2ª Fonte) for English; and the Multiple Intelligences Inventory for Brazilian Portuguese. The thesis was divided into two studies, Study 1 refers to the adaptation and translation of the aforementioned instruments, while Study 2 seeks to indicate women with high abilities through the application of the translated instruments. The method adopted for the translation was the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), which consists of seven (7) steps. The research took place at university in the inland of São Paulo, and the number of participants in Study 2 was determined based on individual acceptability and willingness to take part in the research, both from the first sources (foreign students) and the second sources indicated by the students, consisting of seven (7) foreign student participants regularly enrolled in undergraduate or postgraduate and one (1) person as a second source, totaling eight (8) participants. The instruments were applied online and sent to the participants in the form of a Google Forms©, allowing them to fill them in according to the instructions for each instrument. The results of Study 1 did not reveal any complications in the process of translating the instruments. In Study 2, it was observed that the only participants who reached the established percentage of 70% in the QIIAHSD - Adults were: P5 (180 points) and P8 (169 points). The others scored: P2 (112), P3 (156), P4 (158), P6 (151), and P9 (154) on the first instrument. The evaluation of the second source, F3, indicated by P3, scored 128 points, not reaching the 70% established. The other participants did not indicate a second source, or the second sources did not respond to the questionnaire within the time allotted for the research. According to the results of the Multiple Intelligences Inventory, all participants achieved 70% accuracy, or scored above 56 points in one or more intelligences. The intelligences that received the highest scores among the participants were: intrapersonal intelligence, followed by bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and spatial intelligence.
Potencial fertilizante do lodo de esgoto para o cultivo de trigo, antes e após sua biotransformação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Torres Riveros, Israel César Andrés; Mariano, Eduardo Dal Ava; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0465944663357275; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-6397; Morales, Dânia Elisa Christofoletti Mazzeo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2378883705248821; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-9065; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8091927672607291; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9819-5577
Brazil is one of the largest agricultural producers in the world and the fourth largest consumer of fertilizers. The country consumes around 8% of the world's total fertilizers, with more than 70% of this volume being imported. In this sense, the use of Sewage Sludge (SS), a by-product of Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), as organic fertilizer has been proposed. This fact is justified because this waste contains a high amount of organic matter, macronutrients and micronutrients, favoring plant growth, in addition to providing an environmentally and economically more sustainable solution for its disposal. For this reason, the present work aimed to evaluate the use of SS as an organic fertilizer for wheat cultivation, before and after biotransformation by biostimulation processes with rice husk (RH) and/or bioaugmentation with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (PL). The biotransformation of LE was carried out by arranging the SS samples; SS+ soil (S), SS+ S + RH; SS + S + PL; and SS + S + RH + PL; in stainless steel vats, stored in a covered place at room temperature, for a period of 3 months. Subsequently, the samples were evaluated for their phytotoxicity through tests with lettuce seeds and their application as organic fertilizer at a dose of 40 t.ha-1 based on greenhouse experiments on wheat crops. In the acute toxicity test with lettuce, the SS samples were found to be highly toxic. However, when mixed with soil at a dose of 40 t.ha-1, the treatments were moderately toxic, with values ranging from 40 to 80% on the germination index. The results obtained from the application of SS (biotransformed or in natura) as an organic fertilizer indicate that this material contributed significantly to the growth, development, productivity and concentration of macronutrients within the wheat plant. Furthermore, the treatments presented amounts of heavy metals in the grains below the permitted concentration limits, making them safe for sale and consumption. No toxic effect was observed on the wheat plants grown under these treatments. Only a slight reduction in root length and dry matter was noted, with the SS in natura showing the greatest reduction at 1.5 g compared to the soil. Although all treatments boosted wheat development significantly more when compared to soil with mineral fertilizer, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the SS treatment biotransformed by biostimulation (SS+S+RH) as the most advantageous, standing out with 31 leaves per plant, a stem diameter of 5.64 mm, and a root length of 469 m. This was followed by SS+S+RH+PL, which excelled in root dry matter, showing an increase of 1.1 g compared to the soil. This fact demonstrated that the biostimulation process with RH was more effective in terms of its agronomic potential. Thus, the use of SS as an organic fertilizer for wheat can represent an interesting option, as in addition to reducing production costs related to the use of imported fertilizers, a more sustainable destination is given to the SS, also reducing the costs generated with the destination of this waste and, consequently, reducing the problems it can generate for the environment.
A comunicação jurídica e seu impacto para o exercício da cidadania: uma análise a partir do campo da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Monteiro, Gabriella Henrique Targino; Gracioso, Luciana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-4946; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4758604362607358; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0230-7861
This research aims to discuss the legal community's difficulty in establishing effective communication with citizens, hindering the full exercise of citizenship. To this end, it seeks to analyze the aspects of legal communication, as well as its effects, from an interdisciplinary perspective, or, better said, multidisciplinary, constructing a critical analysis from an ethical, social, cultural, political, philosophical, legal and STS point of view, with the aim of understanding the aspects that make it difficult for citizens to understand the law. The investigation has a qualitative character and uses the hypothetical-deductive approach method in its development, mainly through the use of books, papers, dissertations and theses on the topic. Finally, we conclude that the communication failure that occurs between the legal system and citizens results in a non-recognition of the Judiciary as an instrument that guarantees citizens' rights and their well-being. Thus, citizens see themselves as hostages of a Judiciary that works in favor of the few who can understand it. Faced with this problem, movements began to emerge from the institutions that make up the Judiciary to make legal communication more accessible and inclusive, however, there is still much to be done.
Detectando Heavy Hitters globalmente em dispositivos programáveis multi-pipes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-27) Rodrigues, Thiago Henrique Silva; Verdi, Fábio Luciano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9143186843657940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8124807073336389
High-precision monitoring mechanisms play a fundamental role in managing various network tasks, such as congestion control, anomaly detection, load balancing, among others. One way to contribute to network management is by applying a detection of flows that have a greater influence on traffic, characterized as HH. HH flows correspond to flows that account for the largest share of transmitted bytes across the network, consequently consuming more resources. By utilizing programmable hardware (Switches, SmartNICs, and DPUs) in conjunction with programming languages like P4, it is possible to detect these flows at in-line rate, meaning detection directly in the network’s data plane. The literature reveals that HH flow detection is a widely explored topic. However, studies proposing solutions for HH detection erroneously assume that the switch has only a single pipe. In reality, programmable switches have multiple pipes, ranging from 2 to 16. In light of this, this study presents an approach to identifying HH flows in programmable switches with multiple pipes. The development encompasses two detection approaches. In the first approach, an accumulator located in the switch centralizes data from all pipes and communicates with the control plane. In the second approach, communications with the control plane are independent for each pipe. Our approaches were validated through an emulator, which allowed us to obtain preliminary results indicating the effectiveness and improvement in HH detection in multi-pipe switches, compared to detection in switches operating with a single pipe.