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Melhoria da eficiência energética de comitês de classificadores de fluxo de dados para computação de borda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Luna, Reginaldo; Senger, Hermes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3691742159298316; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-9809; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2982663262422530; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-6843
Edge computing (EC) has emerged as an architecture that can help reduce the energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions of digital technologies. Edge computing offers low latency, mobility, and location awareness for delay-sensitive devices, connecting cloud computing services to end-users. Machine learning (ML) methods have increasingly been used on edge devices for data classification and information processing. Classifier ensembles have demonstrated good predictive performance in data stream classification problems. The strategy called mini-batching was previously proposed in the literature to improve cache data reuse when executing classifier ensembles on multi-core architectures for online data stream classification. The strategy involves temporarily grouping data from a data stream and processing them together. As a result, mini-batching can speed up applications and reduce energy consumption. However, the originally proposed mini-batching offers opportunities for further improvements. In this work, we investigate the fusion of the training and classification stages of the data, bringing more gains in cache reuse and predictive performance improvements. We also evaluate the mini-batching strategy compared to two strategies supported by the hardware of common multi-core processors used in edge devices: clock frequency reduction and processor core shutdown. We evaluate the strategies by comparing their performance and energy efficiency for data stream classification using six state-of-the-art classifier ensemble algorithms and four benchmark datasets. The results show that mini-batching strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in 95% of the experiments, improving energy efficiency by an average of 96% and by 169% in the best case over hardware strategies. Similarly, the newly proposed mini-batching strategy improved energy efficiency by an average of 136% and 456% in the best case. Finally, we proposed an adaptive and multi-objective optimization strategy to dynamically choose the mini-batching size based on CPU occupancy and data arrival rates. The batch size choice uses the Pareto principle to optimize both response time and energy consumption. Results show an improvement in energy consumption in 17 of the 24 cases evaluated. However, for the latency metric, there was no significant reduction compared to batch sizes of 50 (pointed out in the literature as a good choice). In summary, the dynamic strategy offers reduced energy consumption without losses in execution time.
Perfil sociolinguístico de surdos em municípios com baixa ocupação territorial no Estado do Tocantins
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Santos, Fernando Cardoso dos; Rubio, Cássio Florêncio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8357993415342241; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-1381; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6936231883829381; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-4076
Sociolinguistic research in deaf communities is a still scarce scientific field, especially with regard to investigating the use of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and the contact of this language with other languages, such as Portuguese. Studies in this field deal almost exclusively with issues of linguistic variation and change in oral majority languages and border languages, which are also oral. Considering the complexity of studies of deaf communities and people, this research had its pillars supported mainly by the theoretical current of Sociolinguistics, which addresses issues related to bilingualism, language contact, language policies, and, in particular, the studies by Lucas (2004), which opened horizons for sociolinguistic studies of sign languages, arguing that these languages have the same sociolinguistic particularities and importance in the construction of a people in their sociocultural scope, independently of other languages. Based on these notes, in this research, the sociolinguistic profiles of deaf people were investigated, with the aim of describing characteristics related to family life and society, in addition to issues related to education, in municipalities with little territorial occupation in the state of Tocantins, considering the interaction, contact between Libras and the Portuguese language, in a way that could or could not confirm whether it is possible to have communication and understanding between deaf-deaf and deaf-hearing individuals, although they do not have fluency in a systematized language such as Libras. The research has a qualitative and descriptive approach and includes survey, investigations and data analysis, so that it can answer the questions and hypotheses listed. In the field research, a pre-structured questionnaire was developed and applied in an interview format with 30 deaf participants living within a minimum radius of 70 and a maximum of 300 kilometers from the capital Palmas, in the state of Tocantins. Surveys were carried out followed by contact with participants to carry out the interview, in person with participants living close to the researcher and virtually, via WhatsApp, with participants living in distant locations. In contact with the deaf, their communicative particularities were considered, that is, the interview was carried out orally and signed with the deaf spoken, in Libras, with the deaf who knew Libras, in gestures, mimes and iconic signs, with those who communicate through this means. The results show that, despite multiple and diverse contexts, there are possibilities for communication and understanding between speakers involved in environments where multiple languages are spoken, whether they are covered by the linguistic system or not, such as gestures, mime, homemade signs. These results also reveal that there is an urgent need to review municipal and state linguistic planning, in a way that promotes access for deaf people to the language in which they feel comfortable and boosts their sociolinguistic and cognitive development in general. It is concluded that the sociolinguistic profile of deaf people is diverse and it is possible for communication/interaction to occur harmoniously, with understanding between the actors involved, as long as multiple and multimodal communication resources are considered, in addition to Libras and the Portuguese language.
Efeito da inoculação da levedura Torulaspora globosa e da bácteria Bacillus subtilis no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Gómez, Liz Evelyn Grimaldi; Rosa Magri, Márcia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-1240; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6873180899776290; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7724-507X
Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important crops in the world, a source of human and animal food. Brazil is one of the largest producers of the crop, being the third largest producer and the second largest exporter in the world. Considering the importance of agriculture for the country's economy, and the importance of culture in the national context, studies that enable an increase in agricultural productivity, in addition to less costly and more sustainable agronomic management, are essential. The study of associations between plants and soil microorganisms has shown interesting results in promoting increased plant productivity, in addition to enabling improvements in plant nutrition and greater plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Considering the above, the objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the inoculation of maize seeds and seedlings with cells of the yeast Torulaspora globosa (6S01) and/or the bacteria Bacillus subtilis (ENDO26) in the emergence and initial development of maize plants, in addition to the association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under greenhouse conditions. Inoculation began after sowing and was repeated every other day for 7 days. 10 vessels were used per treatment (yeast, bacteria, yeast + bacteria, control with water). The plant emergence results showed that the treatment with yeast cells provided a faster emergence speed and a higher percentage of plants. The results showed, however, that treatment with bacteria cells provided greater growth in length, but with lower dry mass in the aerial part. The opposite was observed for plants treated with yeast cells, which had shorter length but greater dry mass. Regarding the number of leaves, there was no difference between the isolated inoculation of microorganisms. Regarding root development, both in length and dry mass, double inoculation was the one that showed the best results. As for AMF, it was possible to observe that the inoculation of the bacteria promoted a significant increase in soil spores and root colonization. The yeast lagged, but its inoculation proved to be superior to the control. We concluded that the inoculation of corn plants with the yeast T. globosa and/or the bacteria B. subtilis promoted significant plant growth and caused changes in the natural microbiota of the soil, being strains with the potential to be used in biological products for agriculture.
Métodos eficientes para colapsagem e seleção de SNPs raros em dados familiares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Noli, Ana Fernanda; Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-959X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5713252655124804; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8033-4358
The present work presents methods for identifying rare variants, which consist of genetic variations that occur with low frequency in the population, for understanding human health and how next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled a more comprehensive assessment of individuals' genetic variation. The detection of genomic variation is performed using SNP markers (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism). The linear mixed model (LMM) approach stands out in these studies for encompassing both fixed and random effects, and the LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) method is used for variable selection. This work also describes the most recent approaches for GWAS (genome-wide association studies) and NGS studies that include family data and how rare variants play an important role in the genetic architecture of complex disorders. Finally, the main methodologies used in genomic studies based on collapsing are discussed, as well as the need to bring new techniques or combine them to better understand the influence of rare variants on complex diseases.
Proposta para compreensão e transformação do trabalho de fiscais de contrato de prestação de serviços contínuos em instituições públicas de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Meyer, Maryana; Moura, Daniel Braatz Antunes de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5287608431146025; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0929478496218166
The contract inspection activity aims to monitor contracts signed between public institutions and private companies providing services. However, it is an activity that involves specific knowledge, mainly related to different legislations, has a high workload and complexity of tasks, in which they are carried out under strong pressure for assertive results, due to the possibility of penalty, being an activity with potential for generate health problems for tax employees. In this context, ergonomics as a science that studies work, can contribute as a means of analyzing the work of these employees, being able to collaboratively propose ways to improve working conditions and alleviate existing problems. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the work carried out by contract inspectors at a federal educational institution in the central-western region of Brazil, aiming to design a technical-scientific product that allows the development of such activities under a new operational model. This research was structured following the Scandinavian model, in which the results are presented in a compilation of articles and developed in four stages. Regarding methodology, at each stage of the research, different methods and techniques for data collection and analysis were used. In the first stage, a scope review was carried out. In the second stage, survey research was carried out, with the application of a questionnaire to contract inspectors at the researched institution. In the third stage, a case study was carried out, using an interview, in which the script was based on the data collected in the previous stage. In the last stage, a proposal for a socio-technical process was developed to intervene in the work of contract inspectors. After analyzing the data collected at all stages, it was possible to identify sixteen problems related to the execution of the activity, but the main problems are related to work overload and lack of training of inspectors. Possible solutions to these problems were the creation of contract inspection subunits within the institution's administrative units, in order to alleviate work overload and in relation to training, it was proposed that this be carried out as frequently as possible, providing courses for beginner inspectors and courses with specific themes and that the courses are made available to employees entering the institution, in order to become familiar with inspection work upon entering public service. The research culminated in the development of a socio-technical process for training intervention on the work of contract inspectors and the creation of a manual to assist in the implementation of this process in other institutions. It is concluded that inspection activity demands attention from public institutions, as it is a relevant activity, which involves a considerable amount of resources and directly influences institutional performance. In this sense, providing opportunities for improvements in working conditions for tax employees will have significant impacts on the management of these institutions.
Análise do potencial imunomodulador de proteínas recombinantes do Schistosoma mansoni, no diabetes tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Santos, Clara Louise Barreto Xavier dos; Castro, Cyntia Aparecida de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4608878460951651; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2083853412424042
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) fits among diseases classified as metabolic syndrome, commonly associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, due to the modification in insulin action, DM2 leads to severe cases of hyperglycemia in the carrier, predisposing to pathological complications. Recently, research in the field has linked the development of the disease with an increase in pro-inflammatory markers, characterizing a low-grade chronic inflammation, mainly in adipose and hepatic tissues. Therefore, molecules with immunomodulatory potential have significant applicability in the therapeutic scope in controlling metabolic dysfunction associated with inflammation. Proteins derived from the parasite Schistosoma mansoni have been suggested as regulators of processes that can modify the functions of immune cells, reducing inflammation and improving glucose tolerance. As an example, in this work, two recombinant membrane proteins of S. mansoni, Sm14 and SmCyp, were analyzed for their immunomodulatory potential. Through cell viability analyses, cytokine quantification, flow cytometry, determination of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and imaging, the considerable immunomodulatory potential of such proteins was confirmed, with alteration/decrease in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, as well as their polarization, increased cell viability, and alteration in the production of nitrogen reactive species when compared to the control group.
Análise da relação entre pagamentos eletrônicos e crescimento econômico nos países do BRICS e G7
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Sena, Breno Cesar de; Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9615144436796386; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8638420334917073; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-568X
This study examines the impact of electronic payments on economic growth in BRICS and G7 countries during the period from 2012 to 2021. The results show a positive and significant relationship between the use of electronic payments and economic growth. Both cards and cashless payments were associated with a positive stimulus to economic growth, while payment terminals showed a slowing effect on the economy. These findings highlight the importance of electronic payments as drivers of economic growth and promoters of financial inclusion, by facilitating access to financial services for a broader segment of the population. However, it is important to consider the specificities of each country and economic group. As a policy suggestion, countries are encouraged to promote initiatives that encourage the adoption and use of electronic payments, aiming to reduce transaction costs, improve the efficiency of financial operations, and increase transparency and tax revenue collection, reducing tax evasion. Furthermore, it is essential for governments to work in collaboration with the private sector and other stakeholders to implement comprehensive policies that stimulate the culture of using electronic payments by a large segment of the population. By doing so, countries can reap the benefits of the digital economy and promote financial inclusion, contributing to a virtuous cycle of sustainable economic growth.
A modernização da discriminação: transformações tecnológicas e desigualdades raciais no policiamento em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Cedro, André Sales dos Santos; Sinhoretto, Jacqueline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-779X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9853099461410470; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-5020
Technology has modified and continues to modify social behavior, especially as a mediator of social relations. However, it is not only individuals who are subject to transformation. Institutions, including public and police entities, are also subject to changes in their course of action and relating – among themselves and with the population. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the impact of modernization and new technologies on the policing of the São Paulo State Military Police and how these changes perpetuate social and racial inequalities. The methodology used has qualitative character and includes field observation, ethnography, and interviews with military police officers. We conclude that technology aims to change the behaviors of security agents and the organizations they serve, establishing a new way of exercising crime control and police actions. However, by prioritizing reactive overt policing instead of community and preventive models, the São Paulo State Military Police contributes to the resurgence of practices linked to previous political periods and the militarized policing model, where discretionary and selective approaches are the main techniques employed.
Caracterização genética e fisiológica de Saccharomyces cerevisiae selvagens para produção cervejeira: desenvolvimento de um scale up indusrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Martins, Jeferson Geraldo de Oliveira; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-5085; Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-5659; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360988904101485; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3636-3033
The challenges of using wild yeasts in the brewing industry are considerable. Still, they are justified by the wealth of biodiversity and the growing demand for beers with improved sensory properties and distinct aromas. This study aimed to genetically and physiologically characterize wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae for brewing and obtain an industrial scale-up. Biomolecular techniques were used to genetically characterize the 5 indigenous Saccharomyces, nominally LBGA-01, LBGA-287, LBGA-288, LBGA-Hv8 and LBGA-Hb1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic relationships were inferred by sequencing the amplified product from the ITS regions. Growth was evaluated on different carbon sources, as well as in the presence of stressors such as ethanol and iso-α-acids from hops. The strains were also characterized for POF production, flocculation capacity, foam formation, and resistance to osmotic pressure. Micro fermentations were conducted to investigate fermentation kinetics, apparent attenuation, ethanol production, and pH reduction. The strains showed physiological characteristics similar to commercial standards. Strategically, the LBGA-01, LBGA-287, and LBGA-Hv-8 strains were used for small-scale beer production (9 liters). Physical-chemical, HPLC, and GC analyses showed similarities and differences in the levels of nitrogen uptake (FAN), alcohol yield, by-product profile, and volatiles. The analysis of gene expression (qPCR) allowed a better understanding of the main determinant genes for the fermentation process. The results of the sensory evaluations were treated employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and contributed to the formation of the mixed inoculum between strain LBGA-287 and the commercial standard WB06™. Finally, the industrial scale-up phase allowed to obtaining of beers with aromatic and organoleptic characteristics of great interest to the brewing industry.
Implementação até a fase III do picture exchange communication system na emergência de operantes verbais em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Carvalho, Ana Luiza Lobato Monteiro de; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-623X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336276630511467; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1043-0008
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by, in addition to other symptoms, communicative difficulties that affect social interaction. Such a failure in communication and linguistic skills can lead to the search for peculiar and primitive forms of restricted communication, developing problematic or adaptive behaviors. Due to this absence of speech, alternative means of communication can be opted for, such as the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), which has been frequently used with individuals with ASD, as an Alternative and Expanded Communication (AAC) tool, in work to stimulate social communication, language and the development of functional speech, with a robust number of scientific studies demonstrating its effectiveness. However, its use is still surrounded by myths about inhibiting the development of vocal communication. The objective of the present study is to verify the effects of a picture exchange communication teaching procedure (PECS) on the emergence of vocal responses, in accordance with the proposal for analyzing verbal behavior in children with ASD. Three participants, aged between 4 and 5 years, were selected for this experimental study, using a pre- and post-test design using the VB-MAPP to measure vocal responses. Two children remained in the study and showed similar results. Both participants did not develop vocal responses, but showed significant progress in the reevaluation, when it was found that two of the seven skills assessed, namely tact and imitation, remained without recorded progress, bringing up the discussion as to whether having the ability of generalized imitation could be an important point in the emergence of vocal communication.
Fragilidade e utilização de cuidados de saúde em idosos com Doença Renal Crônica: insights do ELSI-Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-28) Giraldes, Ana Paula Rosim; Pott Junior, Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5961854320494257; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-2946; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293976411328498; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7066-1095
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health condition that causes progressive and permanent changes in the function or structure of the kidneys for at least three months, with health implications. According to the International Society of Nephrology, CKD affects about 10% of the world's population and is more common in people over 65. And in addition to chronic diseases related to CKD, there is frailty, which worsens as CKD advances. It can be characterized by accumulating deficits in functionality, mobility, and chronic disease factors. The severity of these deficits is directly related to poor clinical outcomes, reducing the individual's ability to cope with health-related challenges. Objectives: This study utilized data from the ELSI-Brazil (Longitudinal Study of the Health of the Brazilian Elderly) survey to assess levels of frailty and its impact on healthcare utilization among older people with CKD residing in the Brazilian community. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis from the second wave of the ELSI Brazil study (2019 to 2021). A self-reported questionnaire was used to identify individuals with CKD. The Frailty Index (FI), which is based on factors such as comorbidities, disabilities, and functional capacity, was also used to assess the level of frailty. Moreover, Andersen and Newman's healthcare utilization model was used to evaluate the use of healthcare resources. Results: The overall sample exhibited a weighted mean FI score of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.18-0.20). Notably, individuals with CKD displayed higher levels of frailty (FI = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.25-0.31). In the past 12 months, approximately 84% of individuals with CKD visited a medical professional, with nearly 65% being frail. Furthermore, a significantly positive association was found between higher levels of frailty index and an increased probability of medical visits and hospitalization in the past year. Conclusions: Elderly people in Brazil suffering from CKD are prone to high levels of frailty. The adverse effects of this condition, such as lowered perceived health status and increased hospitalization rates, demand immediate action. We strongly encourage healthcare systems to establish programs for prompt identification and treatment of frailty in this group of patients.