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Filtração do ar: análise de dados da poluição ambiental e controle da poluição do ar por membranas de r-PET com CuNP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01)
Machry, Karine
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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Bernardo, André
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
The growing concern about the risks to human health due to increasing pollution makes the use of efficient filters in ventilation systems essential for maintaining indoor air quality. Thus, the general objective of this work was to propose solutions to the problem of aerosol and bioaerosol pollution. Specific objectives included developing a literature review of particulate matter (PM) pollution with a diameter less than 10 µm, developing a model to predict PM concentration, and producing a filtering medium using the electrospinning technique with bactericidal and antiviral effects. In the context of air quality forecasting, a M P10 prediction model was developed for the region of São Carlos and Araraquara municipalities using data from 2014 to 2022. An XGBoost model was used to generate air quality forecast data, enabling the estimation of M P10 concentration up to 28 days in advance in the region using temporal variables. During the months of July to October, PM concentration in the environment can reach the highest values of the year, making it crucial to increase precautions during this period. In the development of the filtering medium, Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (r-PET) was used as the precursor polymer dissolved in a solution (30/70 w/w) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and dichloromethane (DCM). Copper Nanoparticles (CuNP) were added to the filtering medium to confer antimicrobial and antiviral activity, obtained through a redox reaction. The r-PET nanofibers were characterized for morphology by SEM coupled with an EDS system for chemical mapping. The air-filtering medium obtained in this work was characterized for air filtration efficiency and permeability, showing high efficiency (95%) for filtering particulate matter (NaCl) below 90 nm. CuNP-impregnated nanofibers were able to reduce gram-positive and gram- negative bacteria growth by 99.99% after 3 hours of contact with the nanofibers. For viruses, this reduction was 99.13%, indicating that CuNP-coated nanofibers have both antiviral and antibacterial effects. The membranes obtained in this work can be used in air filtration, such as in portable air filters for purifying environments, due to their permeability, pressure drop, efficiency, and bactericidal and virucidal effects. Filters with high efficiency and biocidal effects can ensure user safety in combating diseases and infections by pathogenic microorganisms, as well as in preventing risks related to environmental pollution.
Implementação de modelo computacional empregando ferramenta de CFD para análise do comportamento hidráulico de bomba carneiro não industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01)
Logatti, Bruna
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Kellner, Erich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5580
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4334307115265433
In urban settlements or rural areas households are often located near regions with abundant water availability. However, in many cases, there is a lack of financial resources for the acquisition and implementation of basic electrical infrastructure for conventional water supply solutions. Hydraulic rams or ram pumps are devices used to elevate water, and they operate using only hydraulic energy. These devices can be seen as a sustainable alternative for water transportation. However, when analyzing the current scientific production on the subject, many obstacles are encountered. The scientific output is limited to this day, and there is also a noticeable absence of studies focused on agronomy and agriculture, the development of low-cost hydraulic ram models, the use of new technologies for modeling, and the optimization of the ram pump model. In this context, computational fluid dynamics, also known as CFD, can be seen as a solution. This study aims to apply CFD techniques in the internal flow modeling of a non-industrial ram pump. The 3D model of the ram pump was constructed using Blender software, based on the study by Oliveira Junior et al (2021). Initially, it was decided to use OpenFOAM software for the simulations; however, due to difficulties encountered in adapting the mesh to the program, it was changed to Ansys Discovery 2023 software. Four different meshes were developed, four scenarios were created for the simulation, varying the volume of the air chamber, each of them containing seven simulations, varying the pressure loads. Results unveiled fundamental operational principles of the hydraulic ram, including the influence of pressure load at the pump inlet on inlet flow, the relationship between pressure loads at the outlet and inlet, and the significance of air chamber size in water displacement.
Aprendizagem em cuidados paliativos: dados sobre a formação graduada em cursos federais de Terapia Ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01)
Lavelli, Rafaela Caroline
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Bombarda, Tatiana Barbieri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8070700589653226
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3735208231414102
Palliative care is a human right, but obstacles such as the availability of opioid medication for pain control, socio-cultural barriers and gaps in the knowledge of health professionals are challenges to be overcome in order to better provide this approach. In the field of Occupational Therapy, the area of palliative care is expanding and, although it has not yet been established as a specialty of the profession, it is gradually being incorporated as an area of practice and/or as knowledge recommended for certain interventional contexts, and it is essential to qualify the teaching of occupational therapists to improve their ability to meet the needs of patients in palliative care. With the aim of investigating occupational therapy undergraduates' perceptions of learning about palliative care, this cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study was carried out with students enrolled in the occupational therapy course who were attending the final year of the curriculum in federal universities. Data was collected via an online questionnaire and the questions were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. There was the participation of 27 students, the results identified low access to training actions on the theme of palliative care in the three levels of actions that permeate training (teaching, research and extension). The offer of content on the subject occurs mostly through theoretical foundations in specific classes throughout the course, with a shortage of practices and internships in the area. There is knowledge presented by the participants about guiding principles of palliative care and basic knowledge for practical action, however, the weaknesses concerning the opportunity of practices in palliative care associated with gaps in important content such as palliative rehabilitation, grief, communication, tanatology, bioethics, as well as evaluative instruments, reflect in the statement that the participants do not know how to choose clinical situations for palliative care and in the perspective focused on the association of palliative care with the exclusively end-of-life process. It is concluded that limitations of knowledge associated with the absence of practical experiences in the area hinder the development of skills necessary for the qualification of care and distance the student from a professional reasoning based on the relations of suffering arising from the occupational repercussions for the implementation of care actions centered on the scope of the profession.
Participação democrática ambiental: contribuição do Fórum de Cidadãos Participantes para mudança de modelo de audiências públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01)
Oliveira, Celso Maran de
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Moraes, Tatiana Vieira de
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Britto, Marcel
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Albuquerque, Carolina de
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Sousa, Maria Carolina Chaves de
Ações democráticas ambientais são indispensáveis para a implementação de um modelo de desenvolvimento socioambiental construído de baixo para cima (bottom up). As audiências públicas têm sido instrumento utilizado pelo poder público para garantir o direito à participação popular na elaboração de políticas públicas no Brasil, mas normalmente são conduzidas por um modelo de cima para baixo (top down). Por meio de pesquisa exploratória, baseada em abordagem quanti-qualitativa, objetivou-se investigar a existência do modelo bottom up ou mesmo híbrido top down conciliado com bottom up em audiências públicas conduzidas pelo Ministério Público, além de refletir sobre o papel do Parquet como importante impulsionador desse modelo de atuação democrática ambiental.
Luz, câmera, geograficidades: um estudo sobre juventudes a partir da análise do projeto Curta Escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-02)
Souza, Marina de Fátima
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Burgos, Rosalina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0430255108623706
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7309824262810743
En esta disertación, nuestro objetivo es contribuir a estudios dentro del alcance de temas geográficos y de juventud. Traemos una discusión sobre la relación entre las experiencias juveniles y sus imágenes para identificar sus geografías, aprendidas y difundidas a partir de cortometrajes producidos por jóvenes estudiantes. Se trata de un estudio documental, teórico y reflexivo, realizado a partir del análisis de seis cortometrajes producidos en 2022 por escuelas de la Dirección de Educación de la región de Votorantim, inscritas en el proyecto “Curta Escola”, organizado por la misma. Así, el principal objetivo de la disertación es identificar el diálogo entre los cortometrajes del Festival Curta Escola y las problemáticas de los jóvenes inmersos en su vida cotidiana. De esta manera, el trabajo se justifica al permitir difundir aspectos que permean las problemáticas de la existencia juvenil y su relación con la sociedad a través del lenguaje audiovisual. Para analizar este lenguaje cinematográfico, nos centramos en la metodología de análisis de contenido, con análisis de categorización del contenido presente en los cortometrajes. A partir de este procedimiento, fue posible identificar que los cortometrajes dialogan con las problemáticas que permean la existencia de los jóvenes, evidenciando algunas de sus emergencias en la época contemporánea. En este sentido, fue posible identificar la importancia de valorar la geografía juvenil, incluso para pensar políticas públicas para una educación que dialoge con los deseos y necesidades de los jóvenes estudiantes.
Desenvolvimento de dispositivos descartáveis com tintas condutoras e substratos de baixo custo para sensoriamento e biossensoriamento de disfunções hormonais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-03)
Camargo, Jéssica Rocha
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Janegitz, Bruno Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-9795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9100622529120988
Advances in new electrochemical sensor architectures that enable rapid analysis in miniaturized form and with high sensitivity are one of the most important areas of recent years. This importance is since electrochemical systems are easy to produce in the laboratory and can be developed even in emerging countries due to their relatively low cost. The materials used to produce conductive inks usually include a polymeric vehicle, a conductive material and possible additives that, in appropriate proportions, form an ink suitable for printing on an inert substrate. In this context, we present some proposals for sensors made with low-cost conductive inks. In Chapter 1, a new water-based conductive ink was developed for the fabrication of disposable screen-printed electrodes specifically intended for the detection of uric acid (UA) and catechol. The choice of a water-based ink offers advantages in terms of reduced toxicity and environmental impact. For UA, the linear range was between 8.0 and 500.0 µmol L−1and a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.63×10−7 mol L−1. The proposed CGG/PET is more flexible and cost-effective than commercial electrodes, with an estimated manufacturing price of only 0.006 dollars or 0.033 reais per electrode. For catechol, the linear range was between 0.5 and 50 µmol L−1, and a LOD of 0.3 µmol L−1. Chapter 2 focused on developing new silver ink compositions to prepare pseudo-reference electrodes, which are essential for many electrochemical applications. As a proof of concept for the silver inks, the detection of β- estradiol was performed. At β-estradiol concentrations in the linear range of 1.0 to 100 µmol L−1 and a LOD of 1.3 × 10−7 mol L−1, was obtained for the system referenced by the Ag-NP ink. For the system referred to by the Ag-SL ink, a LOD of 9.5 × 10−7 mol L−1. The cost was approximately US$ 2.02/R$ 11.06 per gram of ink with nail polish and US$ 2.40/R$ 13.14 per gram of ink with shellac. In Chapter 3, an electrochemical system using shellac, graphite and platinum was developed for the biosensor of estrone (E1), a steroid hormone that may be associated with diseases such as premature menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome and breast cancer. At E1 concentrations ranging from 5.0 to 1000 nmol L−1, with a LOD of 0.70 nmol L−1, the total cost was 0.79 reais per biosensor. Finally, in Chapter 4, screen-printed electrodes made of Super P carbon black, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and chitosan were discussed for the detection of tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid with various important biological functions. The linear range for TRP was 0.5 to 300 μmol L−1 with an LOD of 0.018 μmol L−1 and an LOQ of 0.060 μmol L−1. All inks developed in this thesis showed satisfactory results and are excellent alternatives for the development of disposable electrochemical systems. Thus, the developed inks and architectures are cost-effective and can be used for sensing and biosensing of various analytes and biomarkers related to diseases that directly affect human health.
Efetividades e entraves do programa Bolsa Família no município de Matão/SP: um olhar sobre a segurança alimentar dos beneficiários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-03)
Aquino, Lígia Maria de
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Almeida, Luiz Manoel de Moraes Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5053214724598522
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-9170
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1917643411540956
This study aims to discuss the main effectivenesses and institutional and organizational barriers of the Bolsa Família Program in the municipality of Matão/SP, focusing on elements of food security treated comprehensively. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with 100 beneficiary families (holders) through the application of semi-structured forms, and information was collected from the manager responsible for the local program. The sample size was defined using the method of stratified proportional probability sampling to the number of families served by the Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS) in the municipality. For the development of the work, a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from field research was used. Quantitative techniques were based on validated methodologies, such as the Food Network of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), which includes the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) method, using a form applied to beneficiary families of the program in a stage preceding the qualitative techniques. These were adopted through semi-structured interviews with the local manager of the municipality's program in Matão. Through the collection and analysis of data, both qualitative and quantitative results were obtained on the socioeconomic and sociodemographic profile of the beneficiaries, as well as their perceptions and the manager's perception regarding the program and the responsible entities, which provided some recommendations for these public policies. The results indicate that, although the majority of family resources are allocated to food, food insecurity prevails in 96% of families. This highlights the importance of the program in immediately improving the adverse living conditions of families, however, by itself, it does not guarantee their food security. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate the program with other public policies related to education, health, food security, training, job creation, and income generation. Additionally, the establishment of a department or sector responsible for food security in the municipality is essential.
Experiências e percepções de indivíduos com dor no ombro após um tratamento com telerreabilitação: um estudo qualitativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-03)
Luiz, Gustavo Rossi
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Gava, Vander
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Camargo, Paula Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
Introduction: The high incidence of shoulder pain in the general population, together with the challenges encountered in the public health system, reinforce the need for effective alternatives to meet the high demand of individuals with shoulder pain. The use of telerehabilitation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders has the potential to reduce costs and improve access for the population when compared to face-to-face treatment. Objective: To identify the experiences and perceptions of individuals with shoulder pain after a telerehabilitation treatment. Methods: This is a qualitative study using thematic analysis. Individuals aged between 18 and 60 who had completed a 12-week treatment consisting of therapeutic exercises and conducted by telerehabilitation were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview used as a data collection instrument. The interviews took place in person and were conducted by a single evaluator. The questions covered different aspects of the experience of the individuals who underwent the treatment and were drawn up together with the members of the research group. The interviews were recorded using a voice recorder and were carried out until the data was saturated. The transcription of the data, the extraction of relevant reports and the formulation of themes were carried out by two researchers independently, and there was discussion with a third researcher in the event of conflicting opinions. Results: Seven participants were interviewed (34.8 ± 15.3 years; 3 women and 4 men) and six main themes were obtained: (1) “facilitators of adherence to treatment”, (2) “possible barriers to adherence to treatment”, (3) “preference for the form of treatment”, (4) “progression of exercises”, (5) “continuity of treatment and satisfaction”, and (6) “confidence and motivation when participating”. The participants reported as facilitators that telerehabilitation is easy to integrate into their daily routines, the instructions provided by the research team were easy to understand and the support of the physiotherapist was helpful. However, the main barriers were the difficulty of maintaining adherence to the intervention and the perception that the intervention was monotonous. Participants initially reported a preference for face-to-face treatments before the intervention began, but this preference changed after undergoing the telerehabilitation intervention. Most participants faced no difficulties in managing the progression of their exercises during the intervention. In general, participants were satisfied with telerehabilitation and continued exercising at home after the intervention ended. Although initially unsure, participants gained confidence over the course of the intervention, citing pain relief and achieving the desired results as the main motivators. Conclusion: Overall, the participants interviewed reported positive experiences and perceptions of treatment with telerehabilitation for shoulder pain. From the reports, it was possible to understand the individuals' views and which factors favor the success of treatment with telerehabilitation for shoulder pain. The information obtained can help clinicians understand which patients may benefit most from one or other form of intervention among those addressed by the primary study. These findings can help physiotherapists inform patients about possible barriers and facilitators, improving shared clinical decision-making when choosing between telerehabilitation and face-to-face treatment.
Possibilidades de inclusão do tema prevenção à violência de gênero nas aulas de Ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Matareli, Débora Cristina Garcia
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Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853746645322544
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-9506
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7775322205940117
In a world marked by rising rates of violence, especially gender-based violence, schools are emerging as possible spaces to help promote awareness and prevention. The science curriculum, focused on health in elementary school, has the potential to transform this context. The documentary research highlighted a significant gap in the study of gender violence prevention. A qualitative approach was used with documentary research and content analysis, following the stages of pre-analysis, exploration of the material and treatment of the results. The analysis focused on the BNCC and the São Paulo Curriculum, in the parts corresponding to the teaching of Natural Sciences, complemented by a complete analysis of the booklet “Violence against women is not normal”. The analysis revealed that, although the curriculum documents address important aspects of health and prevention, there is a lack of explicit discussion of gender violence and gender equality. In the BNCC, topics such as individual and collective health are discussed, but gender-based violence is completely omitted. In the São Paulo Curriculum, there is a significant emphasis on health and prevention, but again, gender-based violence is not addressed. The absence of gender violence themes in official curricula reflects a 'blatant silence' that must be overcome, as well as highlighting the need to integrate these discussions transversally and continuously into the school curriculum, promoting an education that informs and transforms. The research concludes that it is essential to include themes of gender-based violence in the school curriculum in order to promote active and critical citizenship. It recommends updating curriculum documents, continuing training for educators, creating safe environments in schools and using tools such as Pedagogical Dialogical Talks to enrich educational practice. With these strategies, it is possible to promote an inclusive and transformative education, contributing to the construction of a fairer and more equal society.
Locação das estruturas de lazer e cultura como fonte de captação de recursos próprios: o caso da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Mendes, Alessandra Melo da Silva
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6141230203546076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5234708522385413
In recent years, Federal Higher Education Institutions (IFES) have undergone changes in budgetary scenarios, including a reduction in transfers from the Federal Government, their main financier. Faced with these changes, IFES had to adapt to the scarcity, looking for ways to efficiently apply their resources and/or reduce expenses, without losing their main focus, which is the provision of quality education services. The study addresses the importance of the autonomy of federal public universities, focusing especially on financial autonomy and the need to generate own resources to complement government funding. Autonomy allows institutions to decide on the application of discretionary resources, essential for non-mandatory areas such as research, extension and investments in infrastructure. The research approach used was qualitative, and the methods were traditional literature review and case study. The objective of this dissertation is to propose a guide to assist in pricing the rental of UFMT's leisure and cultural structures, so that they become a source of fundraising. Among the specific objectives are the identification of the main leisure and cultural structures at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, proposing a pricing policy for the rental of these structures and suggesting a resolution to institutionalize the pricing policy based on costs. Through the data collected in the case study, it was possible to identify the items that are contained in the full cost of each structure, extracting those that are paid with discretionary resources, allowing the identification of the effective impacts on the entity's budgetary-financial planning. The study proposes a pricing policy for these structures, aiming to mitigate the financial impact of these infrastructures on the institution's discretionary budget. Clear steps to be followed in implementing this policy were outlined, aiming to institutionalize efficient and transparent management practices. The research is justified by the need to promote efficient public management, which supports the autonomy of universities through the generation of their own revenue. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of a strategic cost view for an efficient allocation of resources in the public sector.
Caracterização reo-óptica da interação entre desenovelamento e desenrosco de cadeias poliméricas em fluxo cisalhante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Tambolim, Murilo
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-1872
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Canto, Leonardo Bresciani
Rheo-optical studies involve monitoring the flow of polymers by measuring their optical properties. In the case of pure polymeric fluids, flow birefringence can be used to quantify the molecular chain orientation. This study conducted flow birefringence experiments using atactic homopolymer pure polystyrene under various shear rates, shear cycles, and temperatures. These experiments were conducted using a polarized light optical microscope coupled with a controlled shear system and a transmitted light optical detector. The research focused on analyzing the degree of chain orientation and its correlation with the dynamics of chain uncoil, disentanglement and recoil. The expected increase in the orientation level as a function of the increase in the shear rate due to the chain uncoiling was confirmed. Over time, the degree of chain orientation decreased, primarily associated with chain disentanglement followed by recoiling. Notably, disentanglement was observed to be irreversible, whereas uncoiling and recoiling were reversibleprocesses. Based on these observations, a model was proposed to depict these molecular dynamics.
Ensino de física potencializado pela aprendizagem da linguagem de programação python: uma sequência didática baseada nos três momentos pedagógicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Yamaguti, Mateus Xavier
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Carvalho Neto, João Teles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622059450756991
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7917-2478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1517475645301874
Understanding the need to renew current physics teaching, with the use of innovative strategies such as the use of digital resources, this qualitative and exploratory research seeks to discuss the potential that the Python programming language has in teaching Physics combined with methodology of teaching the Three Pedagogical Moments (3PM). For this, the Case Study research methodology was used, applied to a group of high school students from a public school in the interior of the state of São Paulo during the after-school shift remotely. To make this research possible, the research professor developed digital teaching materials and resources with the aim of enhancing teaching, and also achieving the development of Scientific Literacy and Technology (SLT) in students, relating the concepts of Physics and programming language Python, supported by 3PM. From the content analysis of the data constituted in the research, it was possible to establish three categories, signs of learning in Physics and/or programming, problematization and/or application of the subjects covered in class and indications of potential or limitations of teaching Physics with programming. Finally, these categories revealed that there are potentialities such as promoting the understanding of physical concepts and visualization of their phenomena. However, there is still a need to create resources and strategies that minimize the initial impact of the programming language and promote greater affinity with the student audience.
Correlações intrínsecas em sistemas tipo-Dirac confinados por um campo magnético constante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Silva, Caio Fernando e
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Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215976260958847
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-5479
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4183915878240703
The Weyl-Wigner formalism in phase space is investigated in the context of Dirac spinors as qubits correlated by continuous degrees of freedom. The extension to relativistic equations connects quantum mechanical phenomena to quantifiers of the information stored in the Hilbert spaces of a confined Dirac particle. In particular, one focuses in linear entropy measures, calculated from the Wigner function for equal times. On the other hand, quantum information can be calculated by an entanglement measure, the quantum concurrence. In this context, to investigate the aspects of a quantum information theory, a fermion trapped by a magnetic field is considered. One finds that this entanglement measure is affected by interference in the configuration space, but not by linear combinations in phase space. Cat states can be obtained analytically as Gaussian superpositions dependent on a distance parameter in phase space. These states are followed by patterns of temporal evolution known as quantum revivals, as predicted for highly localized solutions. However, the unexpected feature is that the symmetry of cat states prevents them from following the usual dynamics. Namely, they exhibit fractional revivals with respect to their classical counterparts. Finally, statistical ensembles of Wigner-Dirac functions are also considered. A unique measure of quantum concurrence for mixed states is investigated. In this context, the partition function of the canonically distributed ensembles is also calculated. It is obtained from complex integration techniques, exhibiting distinct behavior for high and low temperatures. Respectively, a polynomial dependence on temperature and an expansion in terms of analytically continued Hurwitz functions are observed. Since this is the object that also describes the thermodynamics of confined Dirac-like systems in reduced spatial dimensions, our result establishes the formalism for calculating intrinsic correlations in systems that exhibit the same algebra as the Dirac equation in three spatial dimensions. In this context, we propose a method that can be applied to low energy systems, from electronic bands to bosonic systems.
Otimização do processo de sinterização e caracterização termomecânica de uma nova bauxita refratária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Noronha, Luiz Gustavo Moreira
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Muche, Dereck Nills Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6542991023278848
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-8757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5210853401015926
The global market for refractory grade bauxite (RGB) has historically been supplied by only two distinct sources of ore. This scenario is primarily attributed to the stringent requirements of chemical and mineralogical specifications essential for this particular type of material. The primary suppliers are concentrated in China and Guiana, producing materials with high levels of Al2O3, reduced levels of Fe2O3, and a slight increase in TiO2 content. Upon examining the mineralogical phases of refractory grade bauxite (RGB), it is evident that major producers exhibit higher concentrations of conríndom, tialite, and mullite. Due to these rigorous specifications and the inherent complexity in the production process, no new supplier has emerged as a viable source of RGB thus far. However, a new bauxite mine in Brazil, located in the state of Goiás, at Barro Alto, has demonstrated the capability to produce bauxite with higher Al2O3 content and reduced TiO2 content, thereby differing from global standards in chemical and mineralogical composition, notably by the lower presence of TiO2 in its product. In this context, the present study focuses on the processing of Brazilian refractory grade bauxite, centering on two main areas: i) Optimizing the sintering process of bauxite for the development of benchmark properties; ii) Directly comparing Brazilian bauxite with global standards (refractory grade bauxite from Guiana and China), particularly concerning thermomechanical properties. The data obtained regarding load-bearing refractoriness, along with the results of chemical and mineralogical characterization, have demonstrated that refractory grade bauxite (RGB) derived from Brazilian Bauxite exhibits comparable performance to conventional bauxite products originating from China and Guiana. This finding establishes its viability as a robust alternative to materials traditionally employed globally.
O desafio das oito rainhas: um estudo sobre as soluções fundamentais do problema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Carvalho, Ana Laura Ivanov
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Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8503606455851365
A million dollars awaits the solver of the chess challenge: arranging a thousand queens on a 1000x1000 chessboard so that none of them attacks another queen. This prize is offered by the Clay Mathematics Institute and remains unclaimed to this day. But the classic chess problem involves "only" eight queens on an 8x8 board, this study aims to explore solutions to this challenge using a mathematical approach based on the concepts of isometry: rotation and reflection applied to the board, along with combinatorial analysis concepts such as permutation, arrangement, and simple combination applied to piece arrangement. The goal is to find configurations that meet the problem's constraints and analyze whether these configurations are fundamental or derived from existing ones through the geometric properties of the chessboard. To achieve this, the strategy involves reducing the eight queens to the smallest possible number that allows a solution to the problem, beginning with four pieces. The results reveal new perspectives in solving the challenge, identifying symmetrical configurations representing equivalent solutions. It can be concluded that by applying simple mathematical concepts, it was possible to explore an old, classic problem in the field of computing, which involves a more complex algorithmic approach, in a simple and understandable manner for all readers.
Construção de sequência didática com crianças da educação infantil como ferramenta para a formação de percepção botânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Apolari, Ana Paula
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Sebastiani, Renata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-6137
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152859218136173
This dissertation investigates how the approach of Didactic Sequence (DS), based on Delizoicov's Three Pedagogical Moments (TPM) and Paulo Freire's concept of dialogicality, can enhance the understanding of botanical concepts in Early Childhood Education (ECE). The central research question is: how can the implementation of a DS, structured according to TPM and guided by dialogicality, contribute to the construction of botanical knowledge among young children? The methodology adopted is qualitative, utilizing an action-research approach. The study was conducted in a Jardim II class at a municipal school, where a DS specifically designed to introduce botanical concepts in an accessible and engaging manner was applied. The proposed activities included image observation, thematic songs, exploration of the school’s natural environment, and practical activities that encouraged children to recognize and name parts of plants. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the DS in promoting the learning of botanical concepts among children in the ECE age group, as well as integrating science into the children's daily lives in a way that stimulates curiosity and active involvement. The research also seeks to understand how TPM can be articulated in pedagogical practice to favor the construction of scientific knowledge from early childhood. The results indicate that the application of the DS, grounded in TPM, resulted in a greater understanding and engagement of the children with botanical content. The children were able to relate the knowledge acquired to their daily lives, demonstrating significant learning. Additionally, the research highlighted the importance of constant dialogue between teacher and students, promoting a learning environment where the children's spontaneous conceptions are valued and pedagogically developed. However, the research also revealed challenges, such as the need for more robust teacher training in the field of Botany, indicating that many professionals still feel insecure when addressing this content in Early Childhood Education.
Avaliação fisioterapêutica do complexo do ombro em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Nardini, Lívia Bernardi
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Ferreira, Julia Kortstee
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Camargo, Paula Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
Introduction: Some studies have already indicated an association between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and musculoskeletal alterations, particularly in the shoulder complex. Although the high prevalence of frozen shoulder in individuals with DM is well described in the literature, studies that analyzed shoulder alterations more broadly and functionally in this population are still scarce. Objective: This study aimed to compare shoulder pain and function between individuals with and without DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 26 participants divided equally into two groups: 13 with DM and 13 controls without DM. Sociodemographic data and lifestyle habits were collected. Shoulder pain and function (using the SPADI questionnaire); active and passive range of motion of shoulder flexion, medial rotation, and lateral rotation; muscle function of shoulder flexors, medial and lateral rotators, and serratus anterior; and functional performance of the upper limb (assessed by TFAST) were evaluated and compared between groups. Normality of data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's parametric t-test was applied when data showed normal distribution to compare dependent variables between the two groups. For data that did not show normal distribution, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison. The significance level for all analyses was set at 5%. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in shoulder pain, disability, range of motion, muscle strength, or functional performance between the DM and control groups. A slightly higher percentage of participants in the DM group reported shoulder pain compared to the control group (46.2% vs. 38.5%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the association between DM and musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulder may be more complex than initially presumed, suggesting the influence of intermediate and multiple factors. Additionally, the presence of healthy lifestyle habits, such as physical activity and absence of smoking, in the sample of this study specifically may have influenced the results.
Negative self-rated health and non-utilization of university restaurants are associated with overweight and obesity among college students in Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04)
Dias, Flávia Santos Batista
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Silva-Nunes, Mônica da
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Ramalho, Alanderson Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8240520191833512
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5180108615629613
The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with overweight and obesity in a sample of university students. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional analytical observational study conducted with undergraduate students at the main campus of the Federal University of Acre. The study included a total of 655 students, 58.3% being female and 41.7% male. The overweight was 48.9%, with higher rates among males (53.8%), those aged 30 years and older (76.6%), and those from families with incomes above three minimum wages (57.2%). Obesity was present in 18.2% of students, with higher rates among females (18.8%), those aged 30 years and older (34.2%), and 19.1% among those from families with incomes above three minimum wages. The age group of 30 years and older; non-utilization of the university restaurant; being female; and self-rated health as regular, poor, or very poor emerged as associated factors with overweight in university students in the adjusted final model. The same association pattern for obesity was observed, except for the variable of gender. The findings of this study point to a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among older university students, those who reported unfavorable self-rated health, and those who reported not consuming meals offered at the UR.
Poluição plástica dos oceanos: desafios e oportunidades para o PET
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-05)
Lucci, Vitória Bortolin
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Marini, Juliano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4533610255047654
With increasing demand and production, plastic poses a serious threat to the marine environment, with a particular focus on PET - poly(ethylene terephthalate), which constitutes, for example, food and beverage packaging and, due to its low biodegradability, accumulates in oceans, becoming a major source of pollution. Given this scenario, this study aims to analyze potential degradation pathways of plastic materials in the sea, with a specific focus on PET degradation, the influencing factors in each reaction, and their consequences. Additionally, the current recycling methods for such materials are discussed, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, solutions adopted by major brands like adidas, H&M, and Levi’s in utilizing recycled polyester are presented. Through this study, it becomes evident that there are significant challenges in recycling plastic waste, from improper disposal to various degradation processes leading to fragmentation and loss of properties. However, there are pathways enabling the production of value-added products from recycled polyester, as exemplified by initiatives of the organization Parley for the Oceans, emphasizing sustainable product development using plastics found in oceans. Therefore, despite economic and technological challenges, PET recycling is crucial for reducing plastic pollution and safeguarding marine ecosystems, necessitating technological improvements and sustainable waste management.
Ansiedade matemática em professores que ensinam matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-07)
Oliveira, Laôr Fernandes de
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Silva, Janaina Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5479838101146249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8194005344500135
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-1152
A ansiedade matemática é caracterizada por um conjunto específico de reações fisiológicas desagradáveis, como respostas cognitivas e comportamentais a estímulos matemáticos simples ou complexos que exigem o uso de habilidades matemáticas. A ansiedade matemática é mais apropriadamente descrita como padrões de reações comportamentais (fuga e esquiva), cognitivas (regras e autorregeras depreciativas) e fisiológicas desagradáveis diante de situações que envolvem a aplicação de algum conhecimento matemático. A ansiedade matemática tem mostrado interferência no desempenho de tarefas matemáticas, tanto de alunos como de professores. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos empíricos sobre ansiedade matemática em professores que lecionam matemática, publicados entre 2011 e 2021. Os conteúdos abordados nos 6 trabalhos incluídos estão relacionados à ansiedade matemática do professor. Os resultados indicam uma maior tendência de os professores iniciantes apresentarem ansiedade matemática. Esses dados sugerem a importância de se realizar o manejo da ansiedade em professores que estão iniciando o ensino de matemática.