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Participação democrática ambiental: contribuição do Fórum de Cidadãos Participantes para mudança de modelo de audiências públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01) Oliveira, Celso Maran de ; Moraes, Tatiana Vieira de ; Britto, Marcel; Albuquerque, Carolina de; Sousa, Maria Carolina Chaves de ; Ribeiro, Elen Pessoa de Queiroz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3999527499047171; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804138662312892; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718630942660549; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0164488794718542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1314612121213589; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-3614
Ações democráticas ambientais são indispensáveis para a implementação de um modelo de desenvolvimento socioambiental construído de baixo para cima (bottom up). As audiências públicas têm sido instrumento utilizado pelo poder público para garantir o direito à participação popular na elaboração de políticas públicas no Brasil, mas normalmente são conduzidas por um modelo de cima para baixo (top down). Por meio de pesquisa exploratória, baseada em abordagem quanti-qualitativa, objetivou-se investigar a existência do modelo bottom up ou mesmo híbrido top down conciliado com bottom up em audiências públicas conduzidas pelo Ministério Público, além de refletir sobre o papel do Parquet como importante impulsionador desse modelo de atuação democrática ambiental.
Filtração do ar: análise de dados da poluição ambiental e controle da poluição do ar por membranas de r-PET com CuNP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01) Machry, Karine; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8863820504316400
The growing concern about the risks to human health due to increasing pollution makes the use of efficient filters in ventilation systems essential for maintaining indoor air quality. Thus, the general objective of this work was to propose solutions to the problem of aerosol and bioaerosol pollution. Specific objectives included developing a literature review of particulate matter (PM) pollution with a diameter less than 10 µm, developing a model to predict PM concentration, and producing a filtering medium using the electrospinning technique with bactericidal and antiviral effects. In the context of air quality forecasting, a M P10 prediction model was developed for the region of São Carlos and Araraquara municipalities using data from 2014 to 2022. An XGBoost model was used to generate air quality forecast data, enabling the estimation of M P10 concentration up to 28 days in advance in the region using temporal variables. During the months of July to October, PM concentration in the environment can reach the highest values of the year, making it crucial to increase precautions during this period. In the development of the filtering medium, Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (r-PET) was used as the precursor polymer dissolved in a solution (30/70 w/w) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and dichloromethane (DCM). Copper Nanoparticles (CuNP) were added to the filtering medium to confer antimicrobial and antiviral activity, obtained through a redox reaction. The r-PET nanofibers were characterized for morphology by SEM coupled with an EDS system for chemical mapping. The air-filtering medium obtained in this work was characterized for air filtration efficiency and permeability, showing high efficiency (95%) for filtering particulate matter (NaCl) below 90 nm. CuNP-impregnated nanofibers were able to reduce gram-positive and gram- negative bacteria growth by 99.99% after 3 hours of contact with the nanofibers. For viruses, this reduction was 99.13%, indicating that CuNP-coated nanofibers have both antiviral and antibacterial effects. The membranes obtained in this work can be used in air filtration, such as in portable air filters for purifying environments, due to their permeability, pressure drop, efficiency, and bactericidal and virucidal effects. Filters with high efficiency and biocidal effects can ensure user safety in combating diseases and infections by pathogenic microorganisms, as well as in preventing risks related to environmental pollution.
Implementação de modelo computacional empregando ferramenta de CFD para análise do comportamento hidráulico de bomba carneiro não industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01) Logatti, Bruna; Kellner, Erich; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5580; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4334307115265433; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6141-9353
In urban settlements or rural areas households are often located near regions with abundant water availability. However, in many cases, there is a lack of financial resources for the acquisition and implementation of basic electrical infrastructure for conventional water supply solutions. Hydraulic rams or ram pumps are devices used to elevate water, and they operate using only hydraulic energy. These devices can be seen as a sustainable alternative for water transportation. However, when analyzing the current scientific production on the subject, many obstacles are encountered. The scientific output is limited to this day, and there is also a noticeable absence of studies focused on agronomy and agriculture, the development of low-cost hydraulic ram models, the use of new technologies for modeling, and the optimization of the ram pump model. In this context, computational fluid dynamics, also known as CFD, can be seen as a solution. This study aims to apply CFD techniques in the internal flow modeling of a non-industrial ram pump. The 3D model of the ram pump was constructed using Blender software, based on the study by Oliveira Junior et al (2021). Initially, it was decided to use OpenFOAM software for the simulations; however, due to difficulties encountered in adapting the mesh to the program, it was changed to Ansys Discovery 2023 software. Four different meshes were developed, four scenarios were created for the simulation, varying the volume of the air chamber, each of them containing seven simulations, varying the pressure loads. Results unveiled fundamental operational principles of the hydraulic ram, including the influence of pressure load at the pump inlet on inlet flow, the relationship between pressure loads at the outlet and inlet, and the significance of air chamber size in water displacement.
Aprendizagem em cuidados paliativos: dados sobre a formação graduada em cursos federais de Terapia Ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-01) Lavelli, Rafaela Caroline; Bombarda, Tatiana Barbieri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8070700589653226; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3735208231414102
Palliative care is a human right, but obstacles such as the availability of opioid medication for pain control, socio-cultural barriers and gaps in the knowledge of health professionals are challenges to be overcome in order to better provide this approach. In the field of Occupational Therapy, the area of palliative care is expanding and, although it has not yet been established as a specialty of the profession, it is gradually being incorporated as an area of practice and/or as knowledge recommended for certain interventional contexts, and it is essential to qualify the teaching of occupational therapists to improve their ability to meet the needs of patients in palliative care. With the aim of investigating occupational therapy undergraduates' perceptions of learning about palliative care, this cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study was carried out with students enrolled in the occupational therapy course who were attending the final year of the curriculum in federal universities. Data was collected via an online questionnaire and the questions were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. There was the participation of 27 students, the results identified low access to training actions on the theme of palliative care in the three levels of actions that permeate training (teaching, research and extension). The offer of content on the subject occurs mostly through theoretical foundations in specific classes throughout the course, with a shortage of practices and internships in the area. There is knowledge presented by the participants about guiding principles of palliative care and basic knowledge for practical action, however, the weaknesses concerning the opportunity of practices in palliative care associated with gaps in important content such as palliative rehabilitation, grief, communication, tanatology, bioethics, as well as evaluative instruments, reflect in the statement that the participants do not know how to choose clinical situations for palliative care and in the perspective focused on the association of palliative care with the exclusively end-of-life process. It is concluded that limitations of knowledge associated with the absence of practical experiences in the area hinder the development of skills necessary for the qualification of care and distance the student from a professional reasoning based on the relations of suffering arising from the occupational repercussions for the implementation of care actions centered on the scope of the profession.