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Awê: o sagrado e a etnicidade das Jokanas do Povo Pataxó na Aldeia Barra Velha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-08) Camargo, Marcia Fernanda de; Martinez, Vinício Carrilho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-0544; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1580286525806275; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-3548
Brazil's cultural diversity is immense, reflected in its indigenous peoples who maintain not only distinct ethnic traits but also strong cultural expressions, characterized by 305 ethnic groups that speak 274 indigenous languages, each contributing to the rich cultural mosaic of their territory, but also of Brazil. The sacred and ethnicity of the Jokanas of the Pataxó people, from the Barra Velha Village, in Bahia, are the focus of this research, which is established as an investigation into the female Pataxó identity, but with its insertion in the descriptive process. This identity, today, is part of a resistant minority in the midst of a society that has systematically interfered in the identity character of a people, since the beginnings of the colonization of our country. The Jokanas Pataxó are considered extremely important for their participation in the historical context of growth, and transformation, of the Barra Velha Village (Mother Village). Objective: The general objective was to analyze, together with the Jokanas Pataxó, how their identity is constructed through their interactions with the community and daily rituals. Methodology: Focusing on the community strength of the Jokanas Pataxó, from the village of Barra Velha (mother village), collective decolonial ethnography was defined as the research method, undertaken through contact and coexistence with several individuals, in different situations, over a long period of time in the field, conditioned on the observations being recorded from an immersion procedure of almost two years, comprising a period of separation conducted from theoretical studies, analysis of data collected through qualitative instruments (participatory interviews, field diary entries and questionnaires), always actively including the voice, listening and considerations of the Jokanas participating in the process. Results: The Jokanas Pataxó narrated and shared stories through their gaze, smiles, silence and know-how. The construction of their identity is done through dialogue between individual ancestral memory and collective tradition. Conclusions: Female sisterhood based on empathy and mutual support (sorority) is something natural among these people; although feminism was not a widely known word, the practice of sisterhood was always present.
Desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática na Educação Infantil utilizando contos de fadas para exploração matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-08) Moreno, Talita Lopes; Milaré, Tathiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4030661520659155; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-1769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0385057820453019; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-7136
This work, conducted in the Graduate Program in Science and Mathematics Education, falls under Research Line I - Teaching and Learning in Science and Mathematics: Foundations, Processes, and Productions. The research addresses the theme of Mathematical Literacy in early childhood education and is based on questions regarding the integration of mathematical concepts into the daily lives of young children. The main objective is to analyze the impacts of implementing a didactic sequence involving a classic children's story on the process of Mathematical Literacy in early childhood education. This approach seeks to understand how the narrative of a story can be used as a pedagogical tool to facilitate the understanding and learning of mathematical concepts from early childhood. The methodology adopted is participant research, in which the researcher is actively involved in the implementation and data collection during the execution of the didactic sequence in a Kindergarten II class, composed of students aged between 5 and 6 years. Through this research, the aim is to highlight the relevance of Mathematical Literacy in conjunction with literacy in the mother tongue. The connection between classic children's literature and the acquisition of prerequisites for effective Mathematical Literacy is explored, with the intention of providing meaningful learning and promoting the cognitive development of children. The importance of establishing a relationship between the mother tongue and mathematics is emphasized, aiming to create a reflective and inclusive learning environment in which educators can foster the active participation of students in their own formation and social transformation. After the implementation and analysis of the Didactic Sequence, greater engagement and active participation of the children in activities involving mathematical knowledge were observed, contributing to the process of Mathematical Literacy. The structured activities made it possible to connect fairy tales, which are familiar stories in the children's universe, with mathematical themes, which were previously considered to be difficult.
Efeito de diferentes fertilizantes no crescimento de quatro espécies de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-08) Canhete, Jhonas André Firmino; Boschi, Raquel Stucchi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5774095142035730; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-3686; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1868949568291778; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7532-741X
The fragmentation of natural ecosystems due to human activities has led to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and ecosystem functions. Deforestation impacts the soil physically, chemically, and biologically by reducing the input of organic matter from leaf litter, which is essential for soil nutrition. This reduction in nutrients can significantly affect plant development, especially in the early stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different sources of nitrogen on the initial growth of four tree species from semi-deciduous seasonal forest (SSF). To this end, a nursery experiment was conducted, with a completely randomized design composed of five treatments of different types of nitrogen addition to the soil: 1) control (CNT) – no nutrient addition; 2) organic compost (COMP) – addition of compost made from food industry waste; 3) NPK – addition of chemical fertilizer composed of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), in the proportion 4-14-8; 4) Green Manure (NV) – addition of compost made with macerated aerial parts of Gliricidia sepium; 5) NVME – addition of NV with a mixture of Efficient Microorganisms (EM). The species evaluated were: Tapirira guianensis Aubl; Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms.; Cariniana legalis (Mart.) Kuntze; Casearia sylvestris Sw.. Each treatment received the same initial amount of nitrogen (N) in the soil. Based on the Gompertz non-linear model, the highest asymptote values of the growth curves, which represents the final size of the plants, were observed in the NPK, NVME, and NV treatments. The shapes of the growth curves and the chlorophyll content in the leaves over time suggest that, in general, the addition of NPK resulted in high amounts of nitrogen in the soil, but only at the beginning of the growth period, approximately 68 days from the start of the experiment. On the other hand, when adding NV and NVME, nitrogen remained available for longer period, resulting in prolonged growth over time. The addition of nitrogen via compost (COMP) resulted in lower growth rates, not differing from the control. The highest amount of total N in the soil after the end of the experiment was observed in NVME, suggesting that in the field, this treatment may result in high growth rates for a longer period. Additionally, the highest activity of the arylsulfatase enzyme was observed in NVME and COMP, indicating higher biological activity in the soil of these treatments, respectively. The β-glucosidase enzyme did not differ significantly between treatments. However, field studies are necessary to prove the effectiveness, regarding the initial growth rates of Green Manure and the addition of EM in native tree species, which could result in higher survival and growth rates of native tree species in forest restoration actions.
Respostas germinativas de sementes empregadas na semeadura direta e seus impactos frente às mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-08) Shiguehara, Ana Paula Ponce; Freire, Juliana Muller; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1239057615857274; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-2533; Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-448X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7656578315637553; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-3286
Climate change poses significant challenges to global ecosystems, particularly impacting seed germination in native forest species. This study investigates the germination response of 13 Brazilian forest species to simulated temperature regimes mimicking projected climate scenarios. Seeds were subjected to five temperature treatments, ranging from 25-50°C, and monitored for radicle emergence weekly. For the data analysis, each species included germination percentage (%G), Germination speed index (GSI) and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Preliminary results reveal varying germination responses across species, with some exhibiting decreased germination rates at higher temperatures. Species like Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton showed resilience to temperature changes, while others, such as Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., displayed sensitivity to elevated temperatures. This research contributes to understanding the potential impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems and informs strategies for forest restoration and conservation.