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“Era uma vez” uma formação em pedagogia: a construção de uma trajetória na docência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Gonçalves, Amanda Minetto; Machado, Michele Varotto; Hai, Alessandra Arce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0506121990457151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3845288858275245
This work is a Memorial of Academic Formation, written by me, Amanda Minetto Gonçalves, where I provide accounts of experiences aimed at recalling memories from my personal and academic life up to adulthood. I address aspects of my school life, the choices I made regarding my academic path, as well as all the experiences that have brought me to where I am today. I emphasize the importance of the influence of my family and many friends throughout this process. Reliving these moments led me to reflect on everything that has been added to my personal, social, and professional life, resulting in a process of personal and professional growth and maturation. Writing about my educational and academic journey required me to recall and document all the events that positively contributed to my teaching practice. The results were extremely positive and allowed me to recognize the phases of balance, frustrations, and restlessness experienced throughout my life, which have shaped my identity and guided my dreams and the reality I currently live.
Membrana celulares modelo: uma revisão teórica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Paixão, Rafaela Ribeiro; Carlos, Rose Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
Knowledge about the cell membrane is extremely important as it is what divides the boundaries of the cell, separating the extracellular environment from the intracellular environment, and is responsible for the transport of substances and is the target of study for the development of techniques and mechanisms in various areas of Science, including drug delivery systems, selective sensors, etc. Due to factors such as cellular diversity, dynamic structure and complex metabolism, they make the study of the membrane difficult, making it necessary to seek alternatives to better understand this system. In this context, Model Cell Membranes emerge, which are membrane models created to mimic the structure and composition present in cell membranes. Model membranes can be mimicked in different structures and with numerous compositions, which allows applications with different purposes and with different techniques for study and characterization, including new materials, nanoscale encapsulation technology for foods and medicines, biological sensors, etc. Biophysical and biochemical interaction studies with model membranes are a simple and effective approach to knowing and understanding the dynamics of natural cell membranes.
Desenvolvimento de magneto-imunoensaios para detecção de anticorpos em amostras de plasma e aplicação no diagnóstico da COVID-19 e da COVID longa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Silva, Pablo Roberto Lins da; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3789110165650918; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-4048
In 2019, the virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global surprise due to its high transmissibility, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the COVID-19 pandemic. The diagnosis of the disease is predominantly performed by RT-PCR and rapid tests, both of which have certain limitations. Antibody detection is an effective strategy for diagnosis and prognosis, contributing to the reduction of the transmission rate. This study proposes a diagnostic method to detect IgM antibodies, indicative of recent or active infection, and IgG antibodies for post-vaccination monitoring. The proposed immunoassay involves using magnetic particles (MPs) functionalized and modified with the Spike (S) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, which recognize antibodies in the plasma sample. The developed method employed a disposable electrochemical microfluidic device containing eight screen-printed carbon electrodes, allowing for eight simultaneous analyses. The method achieved an ultra-low detection limit of 7.13 ag mL-1 for anti-S IgG antibodies, 55.4 ag mL-1 for anti-S IgM, and 51 ag mL-1 for anti-N IgG. The method was tested on plasma samples from healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR. The validation of the magneto-immunoassay, evaluated by ROC curve and scatter plot, demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity. Thus, the proposed electrochemical immunoassay proved to be highly specific and sensitive for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies, making it a useful and rapid tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and long COVID.
Confinamento quântico: influência geométrica na análise espectral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Bello, Diana Carolina Suarez; Verri, Alessandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794549732815622; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4348-7245; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1880261381430298; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3899-3006
Let $\Omega$ be a domain in $\mathbb {R}^3$. Consider $-\Delta_{\Omega_\beta}^D$ the Dirichlet Laplacian operator in $\Omega_\beta$. In this work, we performed a detailed analysis of the spectral properties of $-\Delta_{\Omega_\beta}^D$ in case that $\Omega_\beta$ is a waveguide with corner, a waveguide with varying corner and in the case of a straight, stretched and locally twisted waveguide. In particular, we find information about the essential and discrete spectrum of the operator, in which each one of the results obtained are influenced by the respective geometry of $\Omega_\beta$. Furthermore, we realized a spectral analysis of the Laplacian operator on a surface shaped like a waveguide.
Evolução cromossômica, diversidade genética e história demográfica em espécies do gênero Pyrrhulina (Characiformes, Lebiasinidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Moraes, Renata Luiza Rosa de; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-1464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5619599526512809; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-8014
The Lebiasinidae family includes seven genera of tiny freshwater fishes that live in streams throughout Central and South America (except Chile). The family's representatives have a wide range of shapes and colors, making them highly desirable in the aquarium industry. Despite being a group that stands out within the Characiform order for its diversity of species, this family has received little attention, owing to collection challenges, chromosome obtaining, and complex taxonomy. Although they constitute a substantial challenge, multiple cytogenetic and molecular research involving the group have been developed throughout the years, contributing considerably to the beginning of the resolution of various uncertainties. Thus, our study is part of a larger cytogenetic and genomic effort to understand the evolutionary history of the Lebiasinidae family. Continuing the studies, with a primary focus on the genus Pyrrhulina, cytogenetic, molecular, and genetic analyses were combined with the goal of analyzing the group's karyotypic evolution, understanding the influence of the sex chromosome system in Pyrrhulina species differentiation, and organizing a phylogeny based on molecular data from the Lebiasinidae family. Five new Pyrrhulina species (Pyrrhulina aff. marilynae, Pyrrhulina cf. laeta, Pyrrhulina marilynae, Pyrrhulina obermulleri and Pyrrhulina sp.) were studied using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques, including Giemsa, C-banding, repetitive DNA mapping, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole chromosome painting (WCP). The results showed a conserved 2n for most species, ranging from 40 to 42 chromosomes and a predominantly acrocentric karyotype, with P. marilynae being an exception, with 2n=32 and the unusual presence of four pairs of metacentric chromosomes, the plesiomorphic status of which is questioned. The distribution of microsatellites is similar among species, while the number and position of rDNA sites vary greatly. Interspe-cific CGH tests revealed moderate divergences in repetitive DNA content between the species' genomes. Surprisingly, the WCP studies supported the theory that Pyrrhulina semifasciata's X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system evolved. To better understand the formation of such a sex chromosome system and the karyotypic reduction observed in P. marilynae, analyses were also carried out using satellite DNA sequences from these species. The results showed the possible influence of these sequences on the karyotype reduction of P. marilynae and reinforced the hypothesis about the formation of the sex chromosome system of P. semifasciata. Furthermore, to conclude the studies conducted here, the first karyotype of Copella was described, along with a phylogeny based on molecular data of representatives from each of the genera of Lebiasinidae, which contributed to discussions about the family's internal phylogenetic relationships. In conclusion, the data point to the possibility that structural rearrangements combined with a high dynamic of repetitive DNAs drove the karyotypic differentiations under study, particularly in the case of the genus Pyrrhulina.
ESG no Brasil: da definição à implementação - uma análise do impacto e aplicabilidade na sustentabilidade empresarial e na indústria de alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Prado, Vitória Cristina Peres do; Urban, Roberta Cerasi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7313670290572985
The concept of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) is increasingly proving to be a practical necessity for Brazilian companies. In the context of growing sustainability concerns amid finite natural resources and socio-environmental crises, effective management of ESG issues has become essential for corporate sustainability and market competitiveness. We demonstrate how ESG practices, particularly in the food industry, can mitigate environmental impacts, promote sustainable agriculture, and ensure safe and healthy production. Companies such as Citrosuco illustrate how the application of ESG practices can reduce deforestation, pollution, and soil degradation, while also strengthening corporate reputation and accessing new markets. Thus, the implementation of effective ESG practices is no longer optional but a vital necessity for companies aiming to promote corporate sustainability and maintain market relevance. Investments in education, training, and clear policies to ensure ongoing transparency and accountability are also crucial. In conclusion, the continuous evolution of ESG practices is essential for the survival and prosperity of Brazilian companies in a global scenario increasingly focused on sustainability.
Produção científica nos periódicos de educação na base SciELO (2013-2020): um estudo bibliométrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Santarpio, Éder José; Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136586124586219; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-5545; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3135584595001001; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-5002
Scientific communication is a fundamental part of the knowledge production process, as it is through it that the results of scientific investigations are disseminated. As one of the main means of scientific communication, the journal is responsible for publishing newly generated results validated by a peer review system, which guarantees the quality and reliability of the publication. In this way, the bibliometric approach assumes a fundamental role in the process of analyzing the behavior of scientific production, since, through its analyses, it becomes possible to represent the development of a given scientific field, with its particularities and potentialities. Objectives: Thus, the main objective of the research is to analyze scientific production in the field of Education, examining publications carried out between 2013 and 2020 in specialized journals in the educational area. And as specific objectives: Prepare a brief history of the six periodicals that make up the research corpus.; map, through the bibliometric approach, scientific production in the field of Education, identifying institutions, regional and international distribution of affiliations; identify how bibliographic production is organized in relation to authorship and co-authorship in the field of Education; analyze the profile of authors in relation to gender in the field of Education; Identify the themes studied in the texts published in the analyzed journals; identify the use of other languages in texts published in the journals analyzed; verify the applicability of Lotka's law in the educational field. Methods: According to the objectives, the research will adopt a qualitative and quantitative approach with the bibliometric approach as an analysis tool. Briefly, the research was developed in seven distinct phases: Preparation of the theoretical framework; development of the collection protocol; data collect; construction of bibliometric indicators (articles and authorship); storage, description and processing of data; contextualization of periodicals; analysis and interpretation of results. Results: Among the results obtained, the following stand out: Growth of scientific production in the field of Education. Growth in the publication of texts in other languages, mainly in English, adherence to publishing texts in another language by researchers working in the field of Education. Furthermore, it was possible to identify that the research published in the journals analyzed reflects a thematic diversity, which demonstrates the scientific scope of the educational field. Regarding the gender of the authors, it was possible to identify that the majority of authors are female. However, the analysis demonstrated that there is a considerable tendency for scientific collaboration through female-only co-authorship. Regarding geographic distribution (national and international), it is noted that there is a geographic concentration, that is, regions and countries with a large number of institutional vehicles. Regarding national institutions, the vast majority of links are located in the southeast region, mainly in the state of São Paulo. The analysis of the productivity of the authors demonstrated that there is no concentration of large producers of studies and when applying Lotka's law to the journals analyzed, it was possible to identify that 70.7% (n=3,318) of the authors had only one contribution, which differs from the 60% provided for by law. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude, even with all the historical issues that permeate the development of research in the field of Education, that educational research published in journals reflects thematic, geographic and institutional diversity, demonstrating, therefore, the breadth and depth of research coming from the field of Education.
Desenvolvimento de catalisadores a base de cobre modificados com monoetanolamina para aplicação na redução de CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Almeida, Jéssica de; Silva, Gelson Tavares da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1463546552427589; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-1455; Mendonça, Vagner Romito de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2300-9959; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8973450880047016; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-5007
The photo and electrochemical conversion of CO2 into higher-value products, such as fuels and chemical precursors, emerges as a promising solution to mitigate carbon emissions and meet the growing global energy demand. However, the viability of these technologies hinges on developing efficient, stable, and cost-effective catalysts. In this work, modified Cu-based catalysts were evaluated for their potential application in the photo and electroreduction of CO2. Aiming to enhance selectivity, reagent availability on the surface, and reduce the reaction overpotential, the studied catalysts were functionalized with nitrogen groups derived from monoethanolamine (MEA), which act as CO2 adducts. The syntheses were conducted by solvothermal reaction and chemical precipitation, both simple techniques involving a single reaction step to obtain the final material. These materials were characterized by various analytical techniques and further applied in CO2 reduction processes. The catalysts synthesized by the solvothermal reaction exhibited compositional variations with copper fractions in different oxidation states, depending on the concentration of added MEA. These catalysts were then assessed for their applicability in the photochemical reduction of CO2, achieving methanol production rates of 1097 µmol g-1h-1, with selectivity greater than 85%. The samples synthesized by chemical precipitation resulted in forming CuO catalysts with different morphologies and crystallite sizes depending on the alkaline agent utilized in the synthesis. The catalyst synthesized with MEA exhibited superior performance in the photoreduction of CO2 compared to catalysts synthesized with other bases (NaOH, KOH, NH4OH), with a methane production rate of 57.2 µmol g-1 h-1. The enhanced activity was attributed to the functionalization of the surface with nitrogen groups. In the electroreduction of CO2, the use of the MEA-functionalized catalyst resulted in current densities of approximately 155 mA cm-2 and stability exceeding 100 hours in long-term tests. The results of this work indicate that functionalization with MEA increases the efficiency of copper-based catalysts in CO2 reduction, both in photochemical and electrochemical processes.
Análise biomecânica e funcional de indivíduos com osteoartrite de quadril
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Melo, Cristiane de Sousa; Selistre, Luiz Fernando Approbato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776458133234039; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-9794; Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917658715637353; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-9161; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515131660882889; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-9988
Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory and degenerative joint disease. Clinically, individuals with hip OA may exhibit biomechanical alterations during gait, such as pelvic instability and trunk inclination, in addition to negative impacts like difficulties in performing daily activities and the presence of pain. During the execution of certain functional tasks, especially those requiring single-leg support, individuals with hip OA may adopt specific strategies to reduce the demand on hip abductor muscles and to alleviate pain, such as ipsilateral trunk inclination and pelvic tilt toward the affected side. However, the relationship between these alterations and other activities beyond gait remains unclear. More specifically, the association between changes in muscle strength of other muscle groups, such as hip flexors and extensors, and the electrical activity of the rectus femoris in the presence of hip OA is not well understood, particularly in relation to functional capacity in individuals with early and moderate stages of the disease. To address these issues, two studies were conducted. The first study aimed to determine, through logistic regression models, whether the presence of alterations such as poorer performance in functional tasks, reduced muscle strength of hip flexors and extensors, and changes in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris could identify the presence of hip OA. A binomial logistic regression was used to analyze these data in Python. A total of 64 individuals were included: 32 with unilateral hip OA (56.28±8.71 years) and 32 asymptomatic individuals without hip OA (53.49±8.72 years), of both sexes. The nine models of combinations used (combinations of concentric and eccentric hip flexor muscle strength, concentric hip extensor strength, rectus femoris electrical activity during concentric and eccentric flexion, along with the three functional tests: the 30-second sit-to-stand test, the 40-meter fast walk, and the stair climb test) were able to detect the presence of OA, with the three functional tests being superior in detecting hip OA. The second study aimed to evaluate functional capacity and the step-down task in the frontal plane, assessing whether individuals with hip OA adopt trunk and pelvic inclination strategies during this task, at which phase(s) of the step-down these occur, and analyzing the behavior of other lower limb joints by evaluating joint angles of the hip, knee, and ankle, hip and knee joint moments, and ground reaction force. This study included 26 individuals: 13 with a diagnosis of unilateral hip OA (51.46±7.46 years) and 13 asymptomatic individuals without a diagnosis of hip OA (54.38±6.46 years), of both sexes. In performing the functional tests of stair climbing and descent, the 40-meter fast walk test, and the 30-second sit-to-stand test, volunteers with hip OA showed poorer performance compared to the control group (p<0.001). Greater ipsilateral pelvic inclination was found in individuals with hip OA during the controlled descent phase compared to the control group (p=0.033). Additionally, individuals with hip OA took longer to complete this phase compared to the control group (p=0.039). This thesis concludes that even in the early stages of hip osteoarthritis, individuals exhibit functional alterations compared to asymptomatic individuals, with the recommended functional tests for evaluating this population being effective in detecting the presence of hip OA.
Tenacidade à fratura de liga de alumínio formadora de fase quasicristalina fabricada por manufatura aditiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Rocha, Erlifas Moreira; Gargarella, Piter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-5819; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6098302915936199; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-7782
Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a metastable quasicrystalline phase in Al-Fe-Cr-Ti alloys through Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L - PBF). These alloys are promising for use in matrices and structural components due to their high specific strength and wear resistance, especially at high temperatures. Although the fracture toughness of these alloys has not been previously studied due to the difficulty of manufacturing bulky parts by traditional methods, they are expected to exhibit high toughness due to their microstructure, which combines a nanometric, high-strength quasicrystalline phase with a spherical morphology in a dendritic aluminum matrix refined by the high cooling rates of the L-PBF process (≈10^5 K/s). This project investigated the fracture toughness of the recycled Al95Fe2Cr2Ti1 alloy produced by L-PBF. The powders were produced by gas atomization, characterized, and used in the L - PBF process. After optimizing the parameters, samples were fabricated in different build directions, with some subjected to heat treatments. Fracture toughness was evaluated using the KIC technique, according to ASTM E399 standards. The results showed that fracture toughness is sensitive to build direction and heat treatments. The 0° build direction without heat treatment exhibited the best results, with values exceeding 34 MPa·√𝑚, followed by 29 MPa·√𝑚 and 26 MPa·√𝑚 for stress relief and quasicrystalline phase (QC) decomposition treatments, respectively. These values are comparable to AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg, and 2XXX series alloys, such as 2024, produced by L-PBF. Regarding fracture mechanisms, for samples built at 0°, cracks propagated through the edges of the melt pools. For samples built at 45°, cracks followed a stepped propagation along the edges of the melt pool. In the 90° build samples, the fracture exhibited a mixed behavior, with propagation through both the center and edges of the melt pools, indicating a relationship between the load and the build direction.
Composição taxonômica da microbiota de fezes de bovinos de corte (bos indicus) e suas implicações sobre o ganho de peso: uma comparação entre condições de pasto e confinamento.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Antonio, Bárbara Cunha Padilha; Cardoso, Tainã Figueiredo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4587108690583529; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595338480545794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3220595245803743
This project aimed to investigate the diversity and abundance of microorganisms in the feces of Brazilian zebu cattle at two time points: during pasture-based growing and at the end of feedlot finishing, as well as their association with the average daily gain (ADG) phenotype. Fecal samples from 85 Nelore bulls were collected, macerated, and extracted for subsequent sequencing (Illumina PE250 platform). Specific primer pairs were used for the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (v3-v4 region, metabarcoding) for Bacteria and Archaea. QIIME 2 was used for data processing and analysis. Raw sequences were clustered into Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) using the DADA2 plugin, then annotated and compared. The SILVA database (version 138.1) was used for taxonomic assignment. Statistical analyses were performed to identify differences in microbial structure and diversity over time and to assess their impact on the ADG phenotype. According to the Shannon index, bacterial diversity was significantly higher during the dry-season grazing period compared to the rainy season and the feedlot period (p ≤ 0.05, Wilcoxon test). In contrast, Archaea diversity was higher during both the dry and rainy seasons compared to the feedlot period (p ≤ 0.05, Wilcoxon test). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis using Bray-Curtis distance revealed a distinct separation of samples from each period for bacteria, with the rainy season being more similar to the feedlot period. Conversely, for Archaea, beta diversity analysis showed greater clustering and similarity among samples across all three periods. The dominant phyla in the Archaea community were Euryarchaeota, Thermoplasmatota, and Halobacterota, with Euryarchaeota being the only phylum present during the feedlot period. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota. Notably, there was a significant difference in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota between the dry season and other periods, with Bacteroidota being more abundant and Proteobacteria less abundant during the dry season. In the association analysis, six Archaea ASVs and four Bacteria ASVs were identified during the rainy season as associated with low ADG, while ten Bacteria ASVs and one Archaea ASV were associated with high ADG. In the feedlot period, eight Bacteria ASVs were associated with low ADG, whereas thirteen Bacteria ASVs and two Archaea ASVs were linked to high ADG. During the dry season, four Bacteria ASVs and one Archaea ASV were associated with low ADG, while six Bacteria ASVs and six Archaea ASVs were linked to high ADG. These results highlight the relative abundance of the most frequent taxa, aligning with the core microbiome concept, and higher alpha diversity during the dry season. The association analysis of ASVs with ADG identified Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Rikenellaceae as key bacterial families, and Methanobrevibacter as the main Archaea taxon, with both positive and negative effects on the phenotype.
Prospecção de biomarcadores da microbiota de Bos indicus criados à pasto para desempenho em confinamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Silva, Wanderson Anjos da; Conteville, Liliane Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5411923101730225; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595338480545794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7093593080495846
Brazilian livestock farming is predominantly based on grazing in tropical pastures, with a brief feedlot period for finishing. Although animals spend most of their lives on pasture, most microbiota research has focused on feedlot systems. This study aimed to analyze the fecal microbiota of 85 young Nelore bulls at the end of two grazing periods (dry and rainy seasons) and at the end of the feedlot phase, in search of associations between microbial profiles and production traits such as residual feed intake (RFI), ribeye area (REA), backfat thickness (BFT), meat quality, and temperament. DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and the genomic region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. Amplicons were sequenced using Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology on the NovaSeq platform. The sequences obtained were quality-filtered and processed with the DADA2 pipeline, which generated amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were taxonomically assigned using the SILVA reference annotation database (v.138.1). ASVs with a minimum relative abundance of 0.001% and present in at least 20% of the animals were retained for further analysis. To investigate associations, two RFI-extreme groups (n=16; 8 high-efficiency and 8 low-efficiency animals) were selected, and ASVs were clustered based on correlation tests. ASVs belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were significantly associated with both groups across all periods, indicating that these taxa play an important role in the gut microbial community. Conversely, ASVs from Cyanobacteria and Desulfobacterota were only found in modules associated with high RFI (less efficient animals) during grazing periods, suggesting a possible diet-related influence. Based on statistical analyses using data from all 85 animals, one ASV from the genus UCG-005 was associated with low RFI (more efficient animals) during both the rainy-season grazing and feedlot periods, suggesting its potential as an early microbial marker for feed efficiency. Additionally, some ASVs were associated with both high and low RFI, indicating that different genera or species within the same microbial family may exert contrasting effects on the phenotype. The association study between fecal microbiota profiles and feed efficiency, meat quality, and temperament traits in young cattle under different production stages and systems revealed ASVs simultaneously linked to multiple traits, suggesting potential microbial-driven phenotypic correlations.
Uma investigação semântica sobre injúrias e ofensas derivadas de nomes de animais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Silva, Giovanna Costa; Basso, Renato Miguel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-0365; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9371757316378337; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7536-1078
The purpose of this text is to investigate the semantics and pragmatics of animal names used as pejorative terms in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese (BP). In our analysis, we propose that some of these terms be classified as insults, some as slurs, and others as gender slurs, as we argue based on behavioral data and linguistic inferences. Moreover, we also propose a morphosyntactic classification and a classification based on the origin of the offense associated with the pejoratives we studied. Using the tools and methods of formal semantics and pragmatics of natural languages, our analysis proposal will be based on a non-exhaustive inventory of terms commonly used in Brazil.
Inserção das competências socioemocionais na educação infantil: escola como agente formador de uma subjetividade reificada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Custódio, Caroline Cristine; Silva, Eduardo Pinto e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8505732432286184
The research aims to analyze the integration of social emotional learning (SEL) in the Brazilian educational context, specifically in early childhood education from the turn of the 21st century. The investigation seeks to understand the theoretical foundations that support SECs, originating from American psychology and economics since the 1990s; analyze how emotional development is understood from the perspective of SEL and its implications for human development; and comprehend, from the framework of historical-cultural psychology, how psychological development actually occurs and its interrelation with affective aspects. To achieve this, the research employs historical-dialectical materialism as its analytical methodology and uses methodological procedures such as a bibliographic survey of works addressing the incorporation of SEL as a curricular component in Brazilian education; an examination and analysis of changes in legislation that regulate teaching in Brazilian schools, such as the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (National Common Curricular Base) (BRAZIL, 2017); a survey and analysis of documents from Multilateral Organizations (MOs) that present guidelines for education and contest their meaning; and a bibliographic review of contributions from historical-cultural psychology to think about psychological development and the affective-cognitive unity of the psyche. By utilizing contributions that analyze the relationship between work and education, the research concludes that the theory of SEL and their integration into education represent a theoretical and practical movement driven by new forms of economic reproduction that impact the world of work and the organization of life in society as a whole. In the face of a complex and interconnected set of social transformations, SEL in early childhood education emerge—along with other mechanisms—as a pragmatic and political response aimed at interfering with and transforming the psychological development of children, ultimately to resign them to the social status quo.
A Institucionalização das Ações Afirmativas Estudantis na Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI): avanços a conta-gotas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Nóbrega, Evangelita Carvalho da; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-1913; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9207221208772139; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-9269
The institutionalization of affirmative action policies in higher education in Brazil, in the form of access, has been taking place since 2002, based on the autonomy of universities, in state and/or federal legislation. It should be noted that the democratization of access requires transformation in higher education institutions. The challenge now is to institutionalize the policy of student permanence, as it is a phenomenon that is emerging and expanding, and can lead to the construction of a new model of university, plural, diverse, popular, anti-racist, democratic, with indicative affirmative action becoming effective and full. However, the public resources made available by the state for affirmative action are insufficient to guarantee the rights of students in situations of socio-economic vulnerability and inequality. Given that it is the responsibility of the HEIs to institutionalize affirmative action for students, these actions occur in a variety of ways, as they require organizational tools for administrative, pedagogical and academic management. In this sense, the general objective of this research was to understand the institutionalization of affirmative student actions, materialized in the normative instruments, which imply the development of the policy of access and permanence for quota students at UESPI. We opted for bibliographical and documentary research, with a qualitative approach. The investigation was supported by legal frameworks, legislation, theoretical approaches and reflections on historical contexts that deal with educational policies, in the dimension of affirmative student actions. Documentary analysis based on Bardin (1977). The data analysis is organized by defining the base unit of registration and categories. The results sought to answer the specific objectives: 1) to find out about the regulations on the student affirmative action policy at UESPI; 2) to analyse the administrative organizational structure following the implementation of the reservation system; 3) to identify strategies formulated in the regulatory instruments provided for the development of affirmative actions, which imply access and permanence of quota students; 4) elucidate the administrative structure of the composition of the higher education councils and its implications for establishing university policy for students; 5) describe the operational structure of affirmative action materialized in the dimensions of access and permanence; 6) present institutional evaluation and monitoring instruments that contribute to improving the institutionalization of the policy. The data from the Institutional Development Plans - PDI (2012-2016; 2017-2021) and the Institutional Strategic Plan - PEI (2014-2017), reveal that the legal and regulatory apparatus, which guide the practices in the processes of building the institutionalization of student affirmative actions are still embryonic. The understanding of the absence of records in the documents is that affirmative action for students is not an institutional priority, that the meritocracy bias is subtextual in what is not planned. This lack of planning has an impact of internal exclusion and delays the inclusion of black, indigenous, quilombola, disabled and other populations. In addition to the implications of maintaining the percentage of vacancy reservations incompatible with the black population of Piauí and the expansion of specific permanence policies for quota students. We conclude that the progress made in institutionalizing Affirmative Action for Students is taking place in a slow, trickle-down process.
Relação entre indicadores socioeconômicos e a incidência e mortalidade por Covid-19 na população negra do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Cavalcanti, Letícia Fernandes; Uehara, Sílvia Carla da Silva André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903413440784581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-5025; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8660031385168650; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0326-7863
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the incidence and mortality coefficients of Covid-19 in black and brown people in the state of São Paulo and socioeconomic indicators. This is an ecological study carried out from February 2020 to February 2022 in the state of São Paulo, considering the reported cases of Covid- 19 in black and brown people of all age groups, sex and schooling. The data related to Covid-19 was collected from the official websites of the State Data Analysis System Foundation, OpenDataSUS and DATASUS and the data relating to the HDI, income and schooling variables was obtained from the official IBGE website. Initially, a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, then the Bivariate Global Moran's index was calculated and the formation of clusters was analyzed. During the study period, the Administrative Region (AR) of Registro recorded the highest incidence rate of Covid-19 cases among black and brown people, 5569/100,000 inhabitants, and the highest mortality rate was recorded in the AR of Santos, 379.4/100,000 inhabitants. A weak positive spatial correlation was found between Covid-19 incidence and mortality among black and brown people and the HDI, median income and a positive spatial correlation between black and brown people who had completed high school. Thus, it was concluded that there was a spatial correlation between Covid-19 incidence among black and brown people and socioeconomic indicators in the RAs of the state of São Paulo; as well as a correlation between Covid-19 mortality in this population group and socioeconomic indicators in the state of São Paulo.
Os músicos, por eles mesmos: criativos, hiperflexíveis e “à deriva”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Moya, Cyntia Malaguti; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-9575; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2525242861349890; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-9881
This project investigated musicians, considered as "creative" workers, questioning how they perceive themselves as workers and how such perceptions impact their career management. The main objective was to analyze, based on the interpretations of the subjects themselves about their own experiences, how careers are built in an activity perceived as relying more on talent than formal education, placing the discussion in the context of work reconfigurations in recent decades. To this end, we sought to recover the logic that articulates "creativity," flexible markets, and the use of new technologies in the daily lives of their activities and trajectories. The hypothesis was that musicians' self-perceptions are linked to meanings attributed to musical activity, which manifest in heterogeneous forms of "being an artist," blending work, personal fulfillment projects, and various activities within and outside of music, depending on whether it is understood as a primary or complementary occupation. The scope of the analysis was the state of São Paulo (SP) and the period between 2012 and 2023. The approach was qualitative, involving the application of semi-structured interviews and field observations. The doctoral research, conducted between the years 2020 and 2024, also followed the context of social isolation due to the pandemic. Complementing the proposal, we discussed throughout the text and in a specific chapter how the pandemic affected a traditionally restricted market situation. The results showed that most musicians identify as entrepreneurs, associating this self-image with positive meanings. Additionally, they value personality traits such as a taste for change and the ability to restart and constantly reinvent themselves to cope with instability and uninterrupted work, which requires high emotional engagement and the performance of multiple activities. Thus, this research aims to contribute to discussions on the complexity of contemporary work, addressing the intersections between professionalization and amateurism, work and personal life, and the meanings attributed to hyper-flexible work contexts.
Análise de SNPs relacionados com doenças cardiovasculares em indivíduos com ancestralidade africana e europeia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Lintz, Hugo Santos; Matheucci Junior, Euclides; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4503704334231412; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5231-287X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6508485116620400; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-7390
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common type of non-communicable disease in the world, responsible for more than 17 million deaths in 2017, of which more than three-quarters occurred in low and middle-income countries, in addition to being complex and heterogeneous, involving the interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Regarding CVD, 5,3% of the adult population in Brazil has received a medical diagnosis of some cardiac condition, totaling more than 8 million people. The modern human species, characterized as Homo sapiens sapiens, originated from populations located in sub-Saharan Africa 200 thousand years ago. Even though their origins came from the same region, years of geographic isolation allowed genetic differentiation between populations. Approaches based on genetic ancestry use genetic markers with large differences in allele frequency between ancestral groups, called ancestry-informative markers. The most widely used are based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), which demonstrate superior ability to predict biogeographic origin. The identification of SNPs associated with the risk for the development of more complex diseases is an important objective within modern genetic studies. Each genetic variant is valuable to indicate a gene or pathway of biological relevance to the disorder. Thus, the present study aims to analyze SNPs related to cardiovascular diseases in individuals with African and European ancestries in the Brazilian population. The results show that traits such as hypertension and cardiomyopathies are more associated with African and European ancestry, respectively, while others are more evenly distributed between the two populations.
Futuro melhor: valores, território e dinheiro entre os Guarani da TI Tenonde Porã
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Paulino, Carlos Melo de Oliveira; Vianna, Anna Catarina Morawska; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-7854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6077436296961734; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-0671
This research, carried out among the Guarani indigenous communities of the Tenonde Porã Indigenous Land, focuses on the Guarani's relationship with their territory, the values that guide their way of life (nhandereko) and how money as an object and sign is inserted in this context. The thesis stems from a fundamental division established by the Guarani between their own way of life and non-indigenous people’s way of life. In their daily lives, the Guarani find themselves surrounded by non-indigenous people and by a way of life that encourages values considered by the Guarani to be negative and harmful to their way of life, such as individualism, consumerism and profit making as a goal. In general, money appears in guarani speeches and attitudes as something dangerous that can lead to negative transformations for people and places, bringing forth the dissolution of their way of life’s values. However, on the other hand, living in an Indigenous Land very close to the São Paulo metropolis, money is a frequently used object that indigenous people have to deal with in order to have access to a series of things that are part of their lives. Faced with this duality, I describe how the Guarani seek different ways to avoid the dangers of money and leverage it as a tool to strengthen their territory, their community relations, their traditional practices and their way of life’s values.
Narrativas carnavalescas: memórias e discursos sobre orixalidades representadas em desfiles de Escolas de Samba de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-08-30) Corrêa Pinto, Danilo; Massarolo, João Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1321339113516502
Esta investigación analiza las memorias, las imágenes y los significados producidos y compartidos sobre la representación de orixalidades en los desfiles de Escuelas de Samba de San Pablo, y cómo esto contribuye al conocimiento, a la difusión y a la creación de un espacio de resistencia de las propias religiosidades afrobrasileñas. El análisis propone una mirada discursiva, interpretativa y pluridisciplinaria acerca del propio carnaval paulistano y sobre algunos desfiles que enuncian, producen y regularizan formas artísticas y de lenguaje. Estas formas, a su vez, resaltan prácticas identitarias afrobrasileñas, difunden un imaginario iconográfico-religioso, y fundamentan un saber cultural y artístico sobre las Escuelas de Samba referidas al universo de orixalidades. De esta forma, la investigación se estructura una creación de narrativa carnavalesca, pues, a través de ella podemos comprender, recortar, definir y analizar el conjunto de las prácticas literarias, lingüísticas, performáticas, sonoras, visuales, entre otras, que componen un desfile de Escuela de Samba. Nuestro gesto de lectura analítica tiene aún por objetivo colaborar, al mismo tiempo, con análisis constructivos, críticos y reflexivos acerca de la producción cultural, histórica y social de estas instituciones inseridas en el escenario festivo brasileño y más allá de él.