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Proposta de plano de reciclagem do isopor em São Carlos através da utilização do d-limoneno como estratégia para economia circular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Farinha, Luanna de Freitas; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3361; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3361
The growing concern about the disposal of plastic waste and its adverse environmental effects drives the search for more efficient and sustainable recycling solutions. In this context, this paper proposed a recycling plan for expanded polystyrene (EPS) in São Carlos, focusing on the dimensioning of the dissolution process in d-limonene, separation and recovery of the solvent, aiming to reduce the environmental impact associated with its production and inappropriate disposal. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, modeling and simulations were executed in the Aspen Plus software, considering different evaporator pressures (0.1 bar and 0.01 bar) to achieve the required theoretical separation. The results indicated that the high vacuum configuration (0.01 bar) was the only one capable of achieving the ideal purity in the recycled EPS stream (0.4% residual solvent by weight), demanding strict pressure and temperature control to ensure the effectiveness of the separation. Although challenging, the results proved promising, particularly regarding the reduced environmental impact of this type of recycling when compared to the virgin resin production or to mechanical recycling.
Política fiscal no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos: a trajetória das despesas de ambos os países entre 2008 e 2023
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Ferreira, Luiz Antonio Oliveira; Carrara, Aniela Fagundes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348376949393246
Fiscal policy plays a crucial role in the planning of contemporary economies. Whether through its extensive application or its classification as secondary, tools such as government spending and taxation are vital for the provision of goods and services to the population, income distribution policies, and the promotion of economic growth. Consequently, fiscal policy is also the subject of study in various economic schools of thought, each seeking to define, in its own way, the optimal use of available fiscal instruments and the appropriate degree of state intervention in the economy. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the fiscal trajectory of Brazil and the United States, focusing on whether there was an expansion or contraction in different types of government expenditures in both countries between 2008 and 2023. The choice of this period is justified by the onset of the 2008 financial crisis's impact on both economies and extends to the current state of fiscal policy. Additionally, a bibliographic analysis was conducted starting from the 1990s for both countries to achieve a better understanding of the pre-crisis events and the measures adopted in its aftermath. As a result, the study identified expansionary spending trends in the Brazilian economy between 2008 and 2014. From 2015 onward, due to the adoption of more restrictive orthodox measures, spending contracted in favor of achieving primary surplus targets. By 2023, expansionary trends had regained prominence in the country's economic policy. In the U.S., geopolitical factors played a significant role, as seen in expenditures on Public Security and Defense. In terms of spending as a proportion of GDP on health and education, the U.S. exceeded Brazil, indicating a greater presence of fiscal policy in the U.S. compared to Brazil. Regarding interest payments on public debt, due to a less restrictive fiscal policy than that of Brazil, the U.S. government allocated fewer resources as a proportion of GDP to this purpose than Brazil.
Estudo da aplicabilidade de material residual de compósitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Ederli, Sérgio Antonio Santos; Pádua, Thiago Faggion de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8909812973749651; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-6991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1232137220475739
Nowadays, one of the biggest issues that the glass fiber reinforced Polymer industry faces is the residual waste related to the sector itself, being a thermoset material, once polymerized, it is really troublesome to find a high value destination for this type of material. That being the case, it is common for the primary disposal method to be landfills. This paper proposes to analyze and set an alternative to the waste obtained at the factory that supported this analysis. On that matter, the intention is to study the reprocessing and industrial application of the most present type of waste in the factory, labeled as the remains from the injection process used by the factory, or RTM burr. The waste material for analysis was sent to a third party company specialized in grinding and milling in order to be processed to a nominal size of 0,33 mm and selected with a sieve of mesh 75. This material was used as a substitute for talcum, a mineral powder obtained from mining sites, used in the composition for polyester putty, simply called “mingau” inside the factory. “Mingau” is a useful input that adds mechanical resistance to composite products through application as internal coating as well as facilitating the production process, by being applied to corners, making them round and easier to handle. Initially, 6 samples were formulated by sequentially substituting talcum by powdered RTM burr, in which the 50 and 60 percent substitution rate were the most satisfactory ones in terms of viscosity. Both were chosen to be submitted to tests at the factory production line, where the 50 % powder substituted was the one with better results in terms of application using brush, the standard tool for this tak. The latest formula was then slightly corrected to fit the factory standards by reducing roving usage in the composition. To ensure that the residual peroxide would not influence the usage of the compound, the initial samples were observed during a 7 day period to ensure the formula would not react in a smaller period than the factory could use the material. After practical tests, a financial analysis was done to verify the possibility of the milling equipment acquisition and a estimate of 4 to 5 years was obtained in order to regain the initial investment. NPV, IRT, Simple Payback and Discounted Payback were the methods used for this analysis.
Análise de pesquisas sobre a pervaporação como método de separação de etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Salles, Gustavo Roberto Correa; Lemos, Diego Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1174905383146257; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-7192
The chemical industry is currently facing one of its main obstacles, which is the search for sustainable and effective methods to deal with energy savings. Pervaporation, for example, has emerged as a promising technology, as it is capable of substantially reducing energy expenditure in the separation procedure, including in the production of ethanol. Ethanol, which has multiple applications, ranging from fuels to its use as a raw material for the synthesis of compounds such as ethyl acetate or acetaldehyde. Given the relevance of the topic and the growing investment in this market, the objective of the research was to analyze studies found in the literature on the separation of ethanol using pervaporation, limited to studies based on the separation of ethanol through the pervaporation process using membranes, hybrid or mixed. This analysis consisted of a bibliographical approach, focusing on five studies found in the academic literature: one postgraduate thesis, two course conclusion papers and two technical- scientific articles. This research looked for both what is common and what is particular in each chosen study and the end result showed an original analysis as a result of one or more aspects for the cases studied. All five publications demonstrate in different ways the increased efficiency of the pervaporation process compared to traditional ethanol separation methods. Finally, it was discussed, among other aspects, the fact that alternative techniques allow for new financial scenarios, the cross-linking of different types of membranes with a wide range of materials and the obvious possibility of reducing environmental impacts.
Avaliação das incertezar no impacto ambiental da produção de cana-de-açúcar decorrente da substituição de combustíveis fósseis por biocombustíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Duarte, Ricardo Geraldini de Almeida; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2429178245959485
This study aims to quantify and analyze the environmental impact associated with sugarcane production, with an emphasis on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) throughout the stages of planting, harvesting, and transportation. Using the RenovaCalc program database and the EMSO process simulator, computational modeling was performed to quantify greenhouse gas emissions, expressed in kgCO2eq/tcane. Considering that Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) depends on input consumption, which varies among producing industries, this study applied the Monte Carlo method to conduct an uncertainty analysis, accounting for variations in the consumption of raw materials and fuels across different mills in Brazil. In addition to the uncertainty analysis, a global sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the variables that most influence the variation in sugarcane GWP. The models were also used to evaluate the effects of replacing conventional fuels with more sustainable alternatives, such as biodiesel, in sugarcane transportation and agricultural machinery, aiming to reduce the environmental impact of sugarcane production and, consequently, the final products, such as ethanol and sugar. The results indicated a substantial variation in the environmental impact of sugarcane, estimated at 48.36 ± 8.7 kgCO2eq/tcane. The global sensitivity analysis revealed that the consumption of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers is the main source of variation in emissions. Moreover, the complete replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel allows for a reduction of approximately 20% in sugarcane production emissions. These findings provide valuable insights for adopting agricultural practices with lower environmental impact and thus reducing the environmental footprint of ethanol.
Prós e contras das inteligências artificiais no trabalho: desafios e oportunidades em uma empresa de marketing digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Souza, Gabriel Passos; Fontes, Andréa Regina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4848646681792317; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9670-6221
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has been studied for several decades and has intensified especially in recent years, due to its rise and contribution to the transformation of several sectors, including the field of digital marketing. This research's main objective is to investigate the impacts of the use of artificial intelligence on the work of digital marketing professionals, analyzing opportunities and challenges in the efficiency of their activities. This is a case study, developed from interviews and questionnaires applied to workers from different areas of a multinational digital marketing company. As a result, the high presence of AIs in the worker's daily life was observed, in addition to the contributions to gains in efficiency and time in carrying out activities. It was concluded that despite the benefits of adopting AI, the balance between use, continuous awareness about use and personalization of interactions is fundamental, as difficulties and concerns about data leaks and security breaches persist.
Qual a variação percentilar da força neuromuscular em pessoas idosas determina o declínio da velocidade de caminhada a longo prazo? Evidências do English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Machado, Yasmin Oliveira; Luiz, Mariane Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6873656781346891; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-6354; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-9793; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7251752365535635; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-5499
Population aging brings significant challenges to maintaining mobility, which is essential for independence and quality of life. Neuromuscular strength (NS), commonly measured by handgrip strength (HGS), is recognized as a crucial factor in maintaining mobility in older adults, and when reduced, it is an indicator for identifying individuals at risk of mobility decline. However, conventional cutoff points used to measure HGS ignore percentile variations over time, limiting the effectiveness of early detection of the risk of functional decline. Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationship between percentile variation in neuromuscular strength (NS) and decline in walking speed (WS) in older adults over twelve years of follow-up. Methodology: The study was conducted with 4,541 participants from the ELSA Study, all aged 60 years or older. NS was measured by handgrip strength (HGS), and its variation over four, eight, and twelve years relative to the baseline was classified into groups: maintained NS within ±5%, increased NS by 5% to 10%, 10% to 15%, 15% to 20%, or more than 20%, as well as reduced NS by the same percentages. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze WS trajectories in meters per second (m/s) based on NS variations, adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Results: Participants who reduced NS by 15% to 20% (-0.007 m/s per year, 95% CI: -0.013 to -0.002) and more than 20% (-0.004 m/s per year, 95% CI: -0.007 to -0.001) showed a greater decline in WS over time compared to those whose NS remained stable (± 5%). This resulted in a decline of -0.189 m/s and -0.144 m/s in WS, respectively, over twelve years. Conclusion: A loss of 15% or more in NS is associated with a reduction in WS. The implications of this study highlight the need for more dynamic and individualized monitoring of NS in clinical practice, enabling earlier and more personalized preventive interventions to minimize mobility decline and, consequently, preserve the functional independence of older adults.
Sexo e sexualidade: a perspectiva do tema por professores da rede pública de educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Santos, Viviane Gomes dos; Santos, Mariana dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3185238960982642
The history of Sexual Education in Brazil is marked by various forms of setbacks and censorship. Governed by religious and conservative morals, the country faces the subject with increasing aversion, resulting in deficient and challenging instruction. In this context, the present study aimed to understand how science and biology teachers perceive Sexual Education. A qualitative approach was used for this research, with semi-structured interviews as the main tool, conducted with teachers from the public school system in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed through Discursive Textual Analysis, from which three relevant dimensions emerged: Teachers’ Initial Training, The Importance Attributed to the Topic Within the Educational Context, and The Level of Knowledge on Gender and Sexuality. By discussing these factors, it was possible to reflect on how we can build the identity of the sexual educator, aspects of a healthy environment for discussion, the implementation of a curriculum more aligned with current debates, and the challenges faced in teaching the subject.
Análise do impacto térmico e mecânico na secagem de sementes de maracujá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Fedrizzi, Pedro Gobbo; Maia, Gustavo Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804133304643228
Brazil leads the global production of passion fruit, a fruit rich in vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin A. Additionally, its oil has antioxidant properties, making it valuable in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. The seeds are preferably harvested at their physiological maturity, with maximum germinative power. However, when there is excess moisture, the hilum (where water flow occurs) of the seed can be damaged, allowing microbiological contamination, such as fungal infections. Thus, drying is essential to maintain the physiological qualities of the seed. In this study, 10 drying processes of passion fruit seeds were carried out, using both fixed and fluidized bed drying methods, to determine the best drying conditions for the seeds. Each drying process began with an initial seed mass of 50 grams and was completed when the sample reached its equilibrium moisture content. The variables analyzed were temperature (40,9; 45,0; 55,0; 65,0 and 69,1ºC) and air flow rate (0,8; 1,7; 3,9 and 7,1 m³/min). The dried seeds were also subjected to a physical characterization by imaging. Diffusivity was calculated using Fick's second law for each experiment, and the drying curves were fitted using the Henderson and Pabis, Newton, Page, Overhults, two-term, and exponential models to determine the conditions in which their adjustment coefficients presented maximum values. The seeds showed good homogeneity among themselves. In drying, the fluidized bed yielded better results compared to the fixed bed, and temperature had a greater influence than air flow rate on drying time. The diffusivity model used did not fit the drying data well, and the two-term model provided the best fits.
Avaliação da sustentabilidade de veículos elétricos no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Caldeira, Karlla Beatriz Miranda; Lemos, Diego Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1174905383146257; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-7192
Amid the current climate crisis and the need to reduce environmental impacts, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained market traction, promoted as a sustainable solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving on fuel costs. However, the mere use of electricity does not, by itself, guarantee a reduction in CO2 emissions, making it essential to consider the source of this energy, particularly in a global context where the energy matrix is predominantly based on fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. This study aims to critically analyze the feasibility of electrifying the national fleet, considering economic, social, and environmental pillars. The analysis is based on the average distance traveled by Brazilians, using the bottom-up method to estimate environmental impacts and the ecological footprint. Additionally, a case study was conducted, where the feasibility of replacing a vehicle fleet of a metallurgical company in the interior of São Paulo state was evaluated based on real data on annual distance traveled and fuel costs. The study reveals that in Brazil, due to its predominantly renewable energy matrix, the switch to EVs could result in up to a 96.4% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to gasoline use. Economically, the adoption of EVs in the country is advantageous only when charged at home, providing up to 78% savings compared to ethanol refueling. At public charging stations, the savings are approximately 22.8%. However, the high cost of EVs still makes their acquisition unfeasible for most Brazilians, with the cheapest model in august/2024 costing the equivalent of 83 minimum wages.
Análise da influência de fatores macroeconômicos no desempenho de empresas da indústria química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Furtado, Natália de Souza; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
This study proposed to analyze and understand how the basic interest rate of the Brazilian economy and the exchange rate of the dollar against the real affect the financial performance of key companies in different segments of the chemical industry: Ambev, currently the company with the largest market share in the brewing sector in Brazil; and Vale S/A, one of the largest mining companies globally. As a methodology, data on revenue, profit, manufacturing costs, and loan and financing amounts of the two selected companies were collected over the period from 2013 to 2023. Simultaneously, data on the Selic interest rate, exchange rate, IPCA, and the historical prices of the main raw materials for the companies' industrial processes were gathered. The collected data were compared through scatter plots, and the results were analyzed and supported by market data and macroeconomic concepts. It was concluded that, during the analyzed period, the appreciation of the dollar against the real was beneficial only for Vale in terms of profit margin, given the strong dependence on exports of the mining company, which is not the case for the brewery. Additionally, it was found that all the main raw materials of both companies showed strong correlations with the exchange rate. It was not possible to determine the influence of the Selic rate on both companies, given the low correlation coefficient obtained from the comparisons.
Estudo do potencial de implementação de usinas fotovoltaicas no campus de São Carlos da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Rocha, Lucas da Cruz; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-6075; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5439389006319495; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3391-0614
Amid Brazil's increasing energy demand and persistent hydric crisis characterized by prolonged droughts, solar energy has emerged as a vital area of study within various scientific fields, particularly in engineering. Since 2017, the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) has actively engaged in projects that explore the potential of solar energy technology and its benefits, submitting Institutional Development Projects (ProDin) to calls by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL). These projects have been successfully approved and implemented across multiple campuses, especially in São Carlos. This thesis presents a comprehensive data survey on ProDin, concentrating on strategies for the utilization of photovoltaic systems. The methodology involved extensive literature reviews, research report analyses, and interactions with stakeholders from ProDin 11.985 and 11.512. Data analysis was conducted using statistical software and Google Sheets, while also examining concepts of thermal radiation and solar atmospheric radiation as complementary subjects to the course “Transport Phenomena II.” Key data collected included the available area for solar panel installation based on geographic location, annual average sun hours, university energy consumption, consumption profiles, and data processing methodologies. The findings provided crucial insights for technical and economic simulations regarding the implementation of photovoltaic systems on the rooftops of departments in the Center for Exact Sciences (CCET).
Gerenciamento e reaproveitamento do resíduo de poda urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Tavares, Rodrigo de Castro; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-360X
Urban arborization encompasses all vegetation cover within a city's perimeter, which can be classified into green areas, such as parks and squares, and public roadways. Beyond the visual aspect, green presence appears to mitigate common issues in Brazilian cities, such as heat islands and noise and air pollution. For instance, the waste generated from maintenance services in the city of São Carlos, after being shredded, produces a large volume of plant material that is utilized as a substrate for seedling cultivation and soil improvement in squares, central medians, and green areas in general. Urban pruning biomass has energetic, physical, and chemical characteristics with potential for thermal energy generation, noting that biomass's contribution to the Brazilian energy matrix has been growing in recent years, following a global trend of resource material reuse. The promotion of renewable energy to ensure the sustainable growth of economies worldwide has redefined the importance of solid waste and by-products. From this perspective, there is an interest in waste management models that involve sharing, transferring, reusing, repairing, renewing, and recycling materials for as long as possible. Within this philosophy, the life cycles are extended while premature disposal is reduced. In other words, strategies are sought where materials never become conventional waste, and nature is regenerated. Brazil is still relatively inactive in this scenario, and the objective of this Undergraduate Thesis is precisely to provide an overview of the advances and trends on how urban pruning waste management can help stimulate the still nascent circular economy in the country. Brazil is recognized for utilizing biomass to generate energy and for being one of the world's largest biofuel producers, with sugarcane and wood being the primary sources. Other utilization pathways can be implemented using urban pruning waste as a starting material. The current trend is the evolution of public policies and the increase of initiatives for adopting circularity elements in productive and service sectors. Unlike what happens elsewhere in the world, Brazil still lacks public policies or specific legislation to encourage the valorization of urban pruning waste. For now, what is concrete, aside from specific efforts, is the growing involvement of universities and research institutions in projects, particularly in areas such as energy recovery, basic sanitation, and recycling.
Avaliação do potencial do etanol e seus derivados para descarbonização dos setores Hard-to-Abate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Alves, Beatriz Costa; Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208
The contemporary global context reflects an imperative shift in the energy paradigm, as environmental, social, and economic issues converge toward the need for an increasingly sustainable and resilient approach. The transition to energy sources with lower environmental impact and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions emerge as urgent imperatives, driving the search for renewable and low-carbon solutions. In this dynamic context, ethanol and its derivatives play a multifaceted and strategic role in the global energy transition. Beyond its direct contribution to carbon emission mitigation, ethanol is a key player in the production of various renewable products, promoting a significant shift in the chemical industry and other sectors dependent on fossil-based inputs. The scope of this study aimed to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the role of ethanol in this transforming landscape. From its integration into the global energy matrix, through the positive environmental impacts resulting from its adoption, to the strategic opportunities in the mobility and industrial sectors, the study sought to elucidate the challenges and potentials associated with the use of ethanol as a driver of a more sustainable economy. Several ethanol-derived products and processes were examined and discussed in detail, ranging from advanced biofuels for aviation and maritime transportation to the production of a wide range of renewable chemicals. The critical and evidence-based analysis of these products and processes was conducted not only from the perspective of technical and economic feasibility but also considering their potential for emission reductions across the entire production chain, as well as their ability to promote environmental sustainability. Discussions included the feasibility of biometanol, e-methanol, and ATJ (Alcohol-to-Jet) production pathways in the context of decarbonizing the chemical, aviation, and maritime sectors. The analysis revealed that the production of biometanol and e-methanol appears promising, showing flexibility and economic viability due to the growing demand for emission reduction solutions. The production of biometanol via biogas steam reforming was highlighted as a favorable approach, especially in Brazil, where sugarcane can be used to maximize circularity and energy efficiency, although operational and purification challenges need to be addressed. Additionally, the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol was considered technically mature but faces significant economic barriers. The ATJ route stood out for its flexibility in using different alcohols, but it faces limitations in selectivity and efficiency, revealing the need for further research and development. The maritime sector analysis suggested that, although methanol holds potential, challenges related to energy density and production costs still need to be overcome. In conclusion, the study highlighted the relevance of ethanol and its derivatives as essential drivers in the transition to a more sustainable energy matrix. The study emphasized the need for collaborative efforts between governments, industry, and society to tackle decarbonization challenges, ensuring the maximization of opportunities associated with the use of biofuels. Chemical engineering plays a vital role in optimizing production processes and maximizing the environmental and economic benefits of this sugarcane energy ecosystem. Thus, the integration of technical-scientific knowledge with robust public policies is essential for ethanol to effectively contribute to a more renewable and sustainable energy future.
Melhoria do processo de gestão de resíduos perigosos na indústria de eletrodomésticos: um estudo de caso em uma empresa multinacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Rosseto, Eduardo Cônsolo; Rosa, Paula Rúbia Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284223404098079; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8817-911X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1031776212779221; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5343-7670
Efficient management of hazardous waste is a crucial pillar for sustainability in the home appliance industry, where the need for innovation and environmentally responsible practices is becoming increasingly pressing. This study focused on a home appliance industry, seeking to minimize the volume of hazardous waste sent for co-processing through the adoption of sustainable and circular economy practices. Methodologically, technical visits, interviews with employees, and analysis of company data and spreadsheets were carried out to diagnose current waste management and explore new treatment and reuse strategies, aligned with the National Solid Waste Policy. Among the practices evaluated, the following stand out: oil re-refining, separation of oily emulsion, reuse of materials from washing industrial towels, and reuse of contaminated gallons to manufacture ecological bricks. Each method was evaluated for its environmental advantages, potential for reducing operating costs, and technical feasibility. Based on the analysis and implementation of recommendations for more efficient and sustainable waste management, it was estimated that operating costs would be reduced by treating the oil emulsion (R$109,740.00), reusing industrial towels (R$28,720.00), providing awareness training on selective waste collection (R$6,500.00), and allocating plastic packaging for the production of ecological bricks (R$520.00), resulting in a total reduction of 67% in waste sent for co-processing and savings of approximately R$145,000.00, considering the change in the final destination of waste and the reuse of materials. It is therefore concluded that the proposals resulted in a reduction in operating costs and the mitigation of environmental impacts, reinforcing circular economy practices and the company's commitment to sustainability.
O combate à desinformação estatística no estudo de tabelas e gráficos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Lopes, Giulia Ottoni de Melo; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-904X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1539445923048946; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1233-1592
This research highlights the importance of combating statistical misinformation as a means of contributing to the development of literacy through the study of tables and graphs. We present several studies conducted by the Group for the Study and Planning of Mathematics Lessons, which were based on the São Paulo State Curriculum in effect from 2012 to 2014. Since 2018, the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC) has served as the documentary basis for Brazilian education, in alignment with the phenomena of fake news and statistical misinformation. In this research, we propose a teaching approach as a method to counter misinformation, specifically aimed at promoting statistical literacy through the reading and interpretation of data in tables and graphs. Based on qualitative research, we analyze the content of each task aligned with the skills outlined in the BNCC, guided by the theoretical and methodological framework of statistical literacy.
Emissão de microplásticos para a atmosfera durante a degradação de máscaras descartáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Miranda, Ingrid Telles de; Urban, Roberta Cerasi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7313670290572985
The application of polymer has reshaped the consumption and production profile of today's society. In this sense, during the COVID-19, pandemic there was a high demand and production of disposable face masks for daily use by health professionals and the world's population, which were used as personal protective equipment to reduce the viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Together with excessive consumption, inadequate disposal and the slow degradation of these plastic items can lead to the release of a range of substances that are potentially harmful to life and the environment. Among these, microplastics can be mentioned, which are being determined and reported in all environmental compartments. The main objective of this work is to review studies on the emission of microplastics into the atmosphere during the degradation of disposable masks and the environmental and ecotoxicological consequences of plastic pollution caused by this plastic waste. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate possible strategies to minimize environmental and consumption impacts. It is worth highlighting that the release of microplastics from the degradation of face masks is characterized as a new environmental challenge in relation to the impacts and the health and well-being of living organisms exposed to these particles. Therefore, the disposal and management of disposable masks must be well structured for the knowledge and collaboration of the world population, since the impacts caused by the exposure, ingestion and inhalation of the released particles are still being studied and are global problems. As a strategy to mitigate plastic pollution from face masks, improvements in the management of this new flow of plastic waste can be mentioned, by including multifunctional materials in the manufacture of these items, by raising awareness of global disposal and management and by implementing disinfection processes for reusing masks without compromising their original properties.
História da psicopedagogia e a atuação do psicopedagogo no Brasil: uma pesquisa bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Silva, Isabely Vitória Caruso da; Magalhães, Giselle Modé; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2726281356078379; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-7040
This final paper sought to understand psychopedagogy as an area of professional practice in Brazil. Through a bibliographic search in scientific databases (CAPES, SciELO and Google Scholar), a survey was conducted on the history of the establishment of this science, as well as on the role of psychopedagogues in everyday school life. The results show that psychopedagogy originated in Europe in the 19th century and arrived in Brazil mainly influenced by Argentina. Over the years, Brazilian psychopedagogy began to consider, in addition to organic factors, cultural, institutional and socioeconomic elements in the understanding of learning difficulties, expanding its practice beyond the prevention of school failure and seeking to optimize the teaching and learning processes in an integrated manner. We also found that psychopedagogical practice is divided into two main fields: clinical, focused on the recovery of children with difficulties; and institutional, focused on prevention. In addition, the area has expanded to health and the business sector. The training of psychopedagogues in Brazil began between the 1950s and 1970s, with the emergence of specialized courses and the creation of the Brazilian Association of Psychopedagogy (ABPp) in 1980. The regulation of the profession occurred more recently with PL 1.675/2023, which recognizes both undergraduate courses and specializations in Psychopedagogy. The study concluded that there is an urgent need for integrated public policies, continuous training of psychopedagogues and greater awareness among education professionals to improve the quality of services provided, ensuring an inclusive education adapted to the needs of students with learning difficulties.
Uma breve contextualização dos biossensores eletroquimiluminescêntes voltados para a área clínica e seus princípios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Gomes, Ronewalber Balboena; Faria, Ronaldo Censi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6386621669015601
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emerged in the second half of the 20th century, but was only addressed in the context of biosensors decades later. Research focused on ECL biosensors has gained momentum in recent years with the growing desire to detect pathogens and biomarkers. Most biosensors are still present only in the academic field. In this context, a growing number of biosensors are being developed and reported, new approaches and modifications contribute significantly to the improvement of the device in view of the various analytes involved, such as RNA, DNA, enzymes, proteins or antigens. Therefore, this work briefly explains the general principles that underlie ECL biosensors, the challenges faced and presents some examples of approaches reported in the literature.
Simulação por fluidodinâmica computacional de um leito fluidizado na operação de secagem de minério de ferro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-09) Rocha, Anna Júlia Campos; Béttega, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376; Souza, Amarílis Severino e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3433503573566379; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2959742137866630
Brazil is one of the leading exporters of iron ore, an important product due to its use in steel production and its significant impact on the trade balance. Given the high competitiveness in this sector, attention to ore quality and production costs is crucial. The selling price of iron ore is essentially related to its iron content and the moisture of the material. Brazilian ore from Carajás/PA is renowned for its high iron content. However, to increase the added value and comply with safe transportation standards, controlling its moisture is necessary. The ore can undergo a drying process to meet the moisture requirements for transportation and marketing. To optimize the drying process, it is crucial to analyze the dynamics of the involved multiphase flow. One of the main parameters for sizing a fluidized bed in drying operations is the minimum fluidization velocity (U_mf). In this context, the present undergraduate work aims to analyze, via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using the ANSYS Fluent software, the flow of iron ore in a bench-scale fluidized bed, using the Eulerian Granular multiphase model to describe the solid phase behavior. In particular, the study examines the influence of parameter variations such as the solid phase diameter on the minimum fluidization velocity and compares the simulated results with literature correlations. To achieve this, U_mf was obtained in CFD simulations for two solid phase diameters by analyzing the pressure drop behavior at the bed inlet for various fluid phase velocities. The simulation data revealed that the minimum fluidization velocity for a solid phase particle diameter of 0.001 m was 1.75 m/s, while for a diameter of 0.006 m, it was 6 m/s. It was observed that as the solid phase diameter increases, a higher velocity is required for fluidization because a larger particle diameter corresponds to a lower drag coefficient. Comparing with values obtained from numerical correlations, a deviation of between 18.8% and 58.2% was observed when using these correlations, as they are designed for specific cases. It was concluded that CFD is a tool with potential for estimating the minimum fluidization velocity in fluidized bed simulations.