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Utilização de simulação e lógica fuzzy para controle de processos e equipamentos da indústria sucroenergética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Casarini, Carlos Eduardo; Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3042-0351
This study aims to evaluate the impact of advanced process control on the standardization of sugar concentration during the preparation of fermentative must in the sugar and ethanol industry. The study compared traditional control with an advanced control system, using specific software to model the process and control. Two distinct scenarios were analyzed: one with the presence of clarified juice and another using only water and molasses. The methodology included data collection using a densimeter to measure the must density and statistical analysis of the data with appropriate software. The results showed that advanced control provided a significant reduction in the variability of sugar concentration in both scenarios analyzed. Advanced control led to greater accuracy in maintaining the desired sugar concentration compared to traditional control, which exhibited higher variability and values outside the stipulated limits. It is concluded that advanced control enhances the accuracy and consistency of fermentable wort preparation, proving to be more efficient than traditional control. The reduction in variability and range of analyzed values underscores the positive impact of applying advanced control in industrial process automation. Continued research and exploration of related processes are recommended to promote technological advances in the sugar and ethanol industry.
Novos métodos para determinar a qualidade da representação quiral em modelos baseados em GNN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Barbosa, Iago Elias de Faria; Cerri, Ricardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-1695; Naldi, Murilo Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573662728816861; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-8236
How do graph neural networks, especially models such as SphereNet and ChIRo, in- corporate the perception of molecular chirality? This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the capacity of graph neural networks to incorporate the perception of molecular chirality, focusing on specific models such as SphereNet and ChIRo. We hypothesized that current graph neural networks, including SphereNet and ChIRo, exhibit limitations in fully in- corporating the perception of molecular chirality, particularly in complex and continuous cases. To test this concept, we conducted tests and developed datasets that more com- prehensively reflect chiral incorporation, including (I) RSA classification as an alternative to traditional RS classification; (II) classification of complex chiralities; and (III) creation and use of a continuous chirality dataset (CCM). We conclude that RSA classification demonstrated potential to improve model accuracy, while the CCM dataset revealed the importance of geometry as a determining factor in chiral classification. Furthermore, we identified limitations in current models for classifying complex chiralities. Scientifically, this work points to the need for developing new neural network architectures that better incorporate the properties of molecular chirality. Socially, there is potential for improved prediction and design of chiral molecules, impacting areas such as drug development and materials science.
Gênero e sexualidade na educação dos surdos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Silva, Ícaro Leite; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835019648053052; Alves, Teresa Cristina Leança Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835019648053052; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-7968; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0190423381880757
To understand gender and sexuality relations within the education of deaf individuals, it is necessary to establish objectives that demonstrate how to use classroom skills to critically discuss and problematize the topic. The proposed objectives, such as analyzing, discussing, and identifying how the teaching and learning process of the deaf occurs through bibliographic research on gender and sexuality in deaf education, aim to connect the research conducted with the subject that will be addressed throughout this work. The research methodology is bibliographic, carried out through the search for scientific theoretical materials that could serve as a foundation for the research. The choice of bibliographic research arose from understanding the lack of scientific collections, the scarcity of materials addressing the topic, and personal experiences during my undergraduate studies.The justification for this topic comes from the processes and experiences during my academic life in undergraduate studies, but also from the results I experienced in my social life as a homosexual and oralized deaf person, and how education interferes with the educational development of deaf individuals. The discussions and results obtained in this research show that education needs to evolve and develop new ways of access to ensure quality and equity (Anjos, 2023). It also proposes a closer look at deaf individuals, showing where greater attention should be directed to serve the deaf community and ensuring that the scarcity of information does not limit their process of self-knowledge and education. Furthermore, inclusion beyond educational and communicational barriers is of utmost importance to conclude the results, which ultimately aim to reduce the challenges involved in constructing the topic, improving education.Therefore, reflecting on gender and sexuality in deaf education is crucial for the social construction of these individuals and their subjectivities, connecting school education with their life experiences and uniqueness. This approach helps prevent prejudice against others and themselves, allowing them to build self-esteem and critically reflect on gender and sexuality issues.
Mulher da rua: a construção da identidade de mulheres cis e trans em situação de rua em São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Barreto, Carolina Sallas; Leite Júnior, Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-9169; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4157942037972101; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2626-2508
This study seeks to understand the creation of identities of homeless people in the city of São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo, and its main objective is to analyze the construction of the physical and psychological identity of homeless people, taking into account the gender expression of each person, with an emphasis on cisgender women, transgender women and transvestites. The research seeks to analyze how the gender expression of homeless people differs from that of others, and what the effects of this are on society. To this end, participant observation through ethnography will be used as a research method, in addition to a bibliographic review on studies of gender and sexuality, as well as on the formation of identity and the vulnerabilities faced by this group. Also, the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with previously established informants who make up the observation group. As a result, it is possible to understand how these people present themselves to the world and what consequences these actions bring, taking into account aspects such as gender, race and sexuality, among the group studied.
Análise técnico-econômica de usina flex de cana-de-açúcar e sorgo-sacarino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Dalpian, Mário Altêmio de Freitas; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7067832500136064; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3428-7459
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the sugar-energy sector in Brazil, addressing various aspects from its historical evolution to future prospects. The study begins with an in-depth investigation into the evolution of this sector, highlighting key milestones and influences that have shaped its trajectory. Next, the focus shifts to the Technologies Applied in Ethanol Production, examining the technological advancements that have driven efficiency and sustainability in ethanol production. Exploring the potential of sorghum as a raw material in the sugar-energy industry, the economic and environmental fronts related to the sector are discussed in depth in the section on the economic and environmental aspects of the sector. The methodology adopted in the study provides a solid approach for data collection and analysis. In the Raw Materials and Production Process section, the characteristics of sugarcane and sorghum as raw materials are discussed, along with the production process at the Flex Plant. Economic Viability is discussed through the analysis of operational costs, market price trends, and return on investment (ROI). The Market Price Analysis section explores the identification of target markets and strategies to maximize revenue and market share. Risks, Mitigation, and Resilience are addressed through the identification of potential risks, mitigation strategies, contingency plans, and the plant's resilience to adverse conditions. Finally, the Conclusion consolidates the findings of the study, providing a synthesis of the results, highlighting the contributions of the research, and offering suggestions for future investigations. In summary, this paper offers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the sugar-energy sector in Brazil, covering various aspects from production to economic and environmental challenges, providing a solid foundation for understanding and decision-making in the sector.
Aplicação de métodos de gestão na implementação de MOCs na indústria química como forma de evitar desastres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Santana, Brenda Ferreira; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2662177911679279; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3279-5234
Change management, which originated between the 19th and 20th centuries, involves two main approaches: process and structural improvement, inspired by Taylor (1911), and human adaptation, developed by Bridges (2004). These approaches aim to apply structured processes to prepare, support, and help individuals, teams, and organizations effect successful and sustainable changes. In other words, this concept involves a set of tools that are applied to manage the human and technical aspects of the transition from a current situation to a desired one, whether in an organizational, technological, or work process context. In the context of Risk-Based Process Safety (RBPS), change management is an element of the Risk Management pillar and ensures that any changes in processes, equipment, technologies, or organizational structures are carefully evaluated and implemented safely. Based on this, the present work aims to elucidate how to employ commonly used management methods in corporate areas, such as PDCA, SWOT, and the Falconi Method, in the chemical industry, with the goal of preventing disasters caused by the absence of a structured change management system. A case study approach was used, with an in-depth analysis of the accident that occurred in 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal, India. The Bhopal accident had significant social, economic, and environmental impacts, in addition to changing the way process safety is addressed globally. The integration of management methodologies with process safety practices strengthens an organization’s ability to anticipate and respond to potential threats, providing a safer environment for workers and reducing environmental impact. The results indicate that the use of management methods at the plant would have allowed for the quick identification and handling of changes in the process on the day of the accident, preventing a catastrophe of the magnitude that occurred. It is concluded that the incorporation of established management methods is beneficial, provided that they are properly adapted to their context of use and that knowledge is widely disseminated among the industry’s employees and leaders.
Mini-histórias: brincar heurístico com bebês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Silva, Mileny dos Santos; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-5800; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5209612670811530; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1102-0828
This research investigated how heuristic play occurs through the author's experience in a nursery for children aged 1 to 2 years in the city of Sorocaba. The work with babies at the mentioned institution is based on the Emmi Pikler approach. From this, the aim was to understand the world of children through their playful discoveries and how mini-stories contribute to documenting play, being a fundamental right for children. The qualitative and bibliographic research, with observations of practice, aims to document educational practice with babies through heuristic play to promote reflection on practice, thereby enabling understanding of the materials used in the heuristic approach, their application, and pedagogical documentation through mini-stories.
Análise multitemporal da cobertura da terra em Unidades de Conservação de Proteção Integral em Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Leal, Jean Barbosa; Jesus, Silvia Cristina de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755740480901462; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6385010741004021
The management of conservation units is a complex and multidisciplinar subject. Theoretically it must be guided by a management plan, an obligation that is often not met given the budgetary difficulties to which these entities are subjected. In the state of Minas Gerais, which is quite heterogeneous in its phytophysiognomies, the Cerrado biome is identified as the most threatened, something that must be included in conservation strategies. Aiming to understand the dynamics of soil cover in the 81 federal and state integral protection conservation units of Minas Gerais in terms of naturalness or anthropism, MapBiomas image classifications were used in order to compare the evolution of soil covers throughout the last two decades (2002, 2012, 2022). The results include that 40% of the conservation units had native vegetation soil coverage below the threshold established by the literature and among these, 78% did not report the existence of a Management Plan to the National Register of Conservation Units. Therefore, the presente work highlights the importance of tools that help diagnose conservation units and plan their renaturalization.
Avaliação econômica da produção de celulase por fermentação em estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Santos, Gustavo Ferreira; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3597676867565581; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1361-2110
Currently, technological advancements and the pursuit of more sustainable production methods have driven the development of various methodologies that ensure the reuse of raw materials or conscious disposal. One example is the production of second-generation ethanol (E2G), which aims to utilize agricultural and industrial residues, such as sugarcane straw and bagasse, byproducts of first-generation ethanol (E1G) production. Ethanol production via cellulose fermentation requires the separation of cellulose from other components present in lignocellulosic biomass, such as hemicellulose and lignin. Subsequently, cellulose hydrolysis is carried out to generate glucose, with the two main pathways being chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic route is preferred due to its advantages, such as lower glucose degradation rates, reduced formation of inhibitory byproducts, and higher yields, although it comes with high costs associated with cellulolytic enzymes, making the process economically challenging. A promising alternative to reduce enzyme costs is the use of Solid-State Cultivation (SSC), where thermophilic fungi produce cellulases in packed bed bioreactors. In this context, Gouveia (2021) proposed an innovative industrial method to produce cellulolytic enzymes, integrating key steps such as inoculum preparation, inoculation, and transport to the E1G plant. The proposal aims to reduce costs by sharing infrastructure and processes with the first-generation ethanol plant. This study sought to assess the economic feasibility of Gouveia's proposed project by sizing the necessary equipment and using the CAPCOST software to calculate economic indicators such as NPV, ROI, and payback period. The results demonstrated that, despite the innovations, the project faces significant economic challenges. The installation costs of the equipment and the limited yields of the enzymes — which hydrolyze only 10% of the available biomass — make the process unviable at the proposed scale, presenting an unfavorable economic return. In light of these challenges, it becomes evident that further research is needed to optimize enzyme production, either by increasing the efficiency of the SSC process or by seeking new methods to reduce costs. Thus, improvements in the enzymatic activity of the produced cellulases and in plant efficiency could contribute to economically viable projects and enable large-scale implementation.
Efeitos ecotoxicológicos de metais na sobrevivência, desenvolvimento e comportamento de duas espécies endêmicas de anfíbios anuros neotropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Anaguano, Edna Viviana Calpa ; Dornfeld, Adrislaine da Silva Mansano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0101649577482109; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-4960; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-3316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4187154996677923; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1986-2180
The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by metals is one of the main factors responsible for the decline and loss of amphibian populations worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of the metal salts Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) and Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) during the larval stage of Physalaemus nattereri and Rhinella diptycha, analyzing their impact on survival, morphology, development, and behavior. For P. nattereri, the LC50 values obtained in acute toxicity tests at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours were 0.33, 0.25, 0.25, and 0.22 mg L⁻¹ for Cu, and 4.6, 4.33, 4.28, and 4.03 mg L⁻¹ for Cd, respectively. Acute toxicity tests showed an increase in mortality as metal concentrations and exposure time increased. During chronic exposure, P. nattereri tadpoles were resistant to Cu, with no mortality occurring, while Cd induced mortality at concentrations of 0.04 and 0.4 mg L⁻¹. No significant effects on growth and development were observed due to metal exposure. The results indicated that P. nattereri exhibits moderate sensitivity when compared to other amphibian species. Risk assessment showed a risk to amphibians, with maximum risk quotient (RQ) values of 75 for Cu and 972.2 for Cd, respectively. For the mixture of CuSO4 and CdCl2, the model that best fit the data was Concentration Addition (CA). The combination of the metal salts created a highly toxic mixture, causing synergism and representing a significant risk to the survival of P. nattereri tadpoles. For R. diptycha tadpoles, the LC50 value in acute toxicity tests at 96 hours of exposure was 0.49 mg L⁻¹ for CuSO4 and 1.09 mg L⁻¹ for CdCl2. We analyzed the probability distribution of distances traveled at each timestamp and the speed changes for each group. This analysis revealed that exposure of the tadpoles to CuSO4 and CdCl2 reduced their mobility capacity. This study highlighted the importance of understanding species-specific sensitivity as well as the sub-lethal effects of both metals on the development and morphology of P. nattereri and behavioral responses of R. diptycha. These results contribute to establishing a solid foundation for assessing the consequences of environmental contamination by these metals.
Inovação tecnológica na pesquisa de demanda turística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Marra, Ana Laura de Oliveira; Somaschini, Maria Helena Mattos Barbosa dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3419477918842537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6850226579263700
This research aimed to identify the diversity of variables that make up the collection of tourism demand research data and the identification of criteria that favor demand research in a technological system, in the Immediate Region of Bragança Paulista (RIBP) and in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. Paulo (RMSP). This is a case study of demand research, which was developed based on deductive research, with a qualitative approach, of an interdisciplinary and exploratory-descriptive nature and which used the techniques of documentary, bibliographical research and semi-structured interviews to detailed investigation of the variables used in tourist demand surveys applied in three tourist cities: Atibaia, Bragança Paulista and Mairiporã, components of the sample of this study. The selection of informants was carried out through probabilistic, intentional sampling and/or using the snowball technique, among public servants and/or political agents who work in the public sector with tourism planning and development. The purpose was to understand the advances and particularities of research on tourist demand, which represents an essential study to understand the behaviors, 4 preferences and characteristics of visitors in a specific region or destination and, therefore, design coherent and effective public policy proposals, positioning and marketing of destinations in the tourist market. Furthermore, this work addresses current gaps and challenges related to implementing this research at the municipal level. The object of analysis of this research focused on variables used in collecting data on tourist demand, in the period between 2000 and 2023, aiming to identify possibilities for improvement and opportunities for improvement in the conduct of tourist research, through the use of technological systems. To this end, contemporary tools were explored that can optimize both data collection and processing, with the aim of achieving more effective results. References from scientific research carried out after the 2000s indicate that there are different methodologies used in demand research and that the Box-Jenkins methodology (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average - ARIMA) is most frequently cited. Currently, this methodology has been combined with other methodologies and techniques, with the aim of expanding data collection and the scope of research. The variables used in research are not standardized and the presence of technology in data collection has become more common since 2014. It is estimated that the development of this research will contribute to filling research gaps regarding research tourist demand, at the municipal level, especially considering the support of technological systems, as well as for the formulation of public policies and more efficient State action and, also, with processes of technological innovation in the public management of tourism and the promotion of diversified tourist markets.
Análise da eficácia do sequestro de CO2 pelo método de adsorção utilizando biomassas residuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Candido, Giovanna; Ferreira Palhares, Adriana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6422991757966889
Within the current context of global warming, which is heading towards something known by experts as the “Global Boiling” phase, the current environmental situation and the rampant harmful effects of atmospheric pollutants have made the issue of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and their consequences increasingly relevant. As the main culprits of global warming, the so-called GHGs are the result of natural processes, but their emissions have been alarmingly increased by human activities. These gases have the ability to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, which leads to global warming. CO2 is considered the main greenhouse gas due to its abundance in the atmosphere, greater concentration and persistence in the environment. In this context, this study surveyed methods capable of curbing the impacts of CO2 on the environment. It is possible to capture carbon dioxide through the processes of Absorption, using a solvent liquid, and Adsorption, using a solid surface. A critical analysis of the available literature on the adsorption method using residual biomass as a solid material to perform carbon dioxide sequestration was carried out. The use of residual biomass is influenced mainly by economic factors, but also by environmental impacts. Through a critical analysis of the literature, some types of biomass remaining from abundant fruits in Brazil were addressed, how to prepare them to become activated carbon, how to characterize them in order to compare the influence of their properties on the adsorption of carbon dioxide and how to use them correctly for this purpose. The present work compared the results obtained through the bibliographic review of studies carried out in Brazil to conclude that despite the differences between the biomasses, the preparation methods are similar and lead these raw materials, previously waste, to present desirable properties for the adsorption of atmospheric CO2, mainly under controlled operating conditions. The results of these studies were able to demonstrate the functionality of the method and the opportunity to reuse waste as raw material for high value-added processes, which would otherwise be discarded or used for a less noble purpose. The feasibility of applying this methodology, however, must take into account the cost, challenges and benefits.
Descentralizando narrativas: a resistência negra no ensino sobre a formação econômica e social do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-10) Brinatti, Luís Fernando; Vale, Maíra Cavalcanti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2878356317160492; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-0352; Morawska Vianna, Catarina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-7854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7324723477324849; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9226-1374
This undergraduate thesis examines the representations of the Afro-Brazilian population in educational materials, focusing on Brazil's economic cycles from the colonial period to the Empire, within the framework of Atlantic memory and the country's social and economic formation. By analyzing the impacts of Law No. 10,639/2003, the study critiques traditional narratives that confine Black presence to slavery, emphasizing the roles of whiteness and racial capitalism in establishing racial hierarchies and marginalizing Black figures. In dialogue with contemporary debates on education, learning, and ethnic-racial relations, the research seeks to decentralize narratives, integrating the insurrectional and alternative contributions of the Afro-Brazilian population. Through the works of authors such as Sueli Carneiro, Lélia Gonzalez, and Cedric Robinson, the study underscores the need to reevaluate pedagogical methods, acknowledging forms of resistance and promoting a critical perspective on history that highlights Black contributions to the economic formation and formation of Brazilian society.