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Pobreza, suporte social e sintomas depressivos em pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade e cadastradas em unidades de saúde da família.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-25)
Didoné, Letícia Souza
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Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6544-767X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2949882105024464
Poverty is a condition of precariousness that affects various aspects of life, and a significant portion of the elderly population is in this situation, which makes them increasingly vulnerable. The objective of this research was to compare age, sex, education, nutrition, frailty, mood, and social support among older adults residing in areas of high social vulnerability, according to poverty conditions. The study adopted a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional design, with a quantitative approach. It was derived from a longitudinal study called "Monitoring Tool for Frailty Levels in Elderly People Attended in Primary Health Care", and data collection took place from March to August 2018. A total of 238 elderly individuals were interviewed, with inclusion criteria based on age (60 years or older), residence in the Cidade Aracy neighborhood, and participation in previous data collections. The instruments used included sociodemographic questionnaires and assessments of depressive symptoms, nutrition, frailty, and social support. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Excel statistical software. Of the 238 elderly individuals interviewed, 174 provided information about income. Among these, 82% were not in poverty, while 18% were. The results indicated that elderly individuals in poverty tend to present more depressive symptoms and lower social support. Factors such as low education, inadequate nutritional status, and physical frailty were associated with a higher likelihood of poverty. It was also found that poverty is a risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms. Social support, especially formal support, played a crucial role in mitigating the effects of poverty. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for public policies that address the vulnerability of the elderly population, both at the local level and in broader regions, to mitigate the effects of poverty and ensure a dignified quality of life for this population. Additionally, there is a need for the development of theories and policies specifically aimed at the reality of the elderly in Latin America.
“Quem fala que não leva o trabalho pra casa ‘tá’ mentindo”: o processo de subjetivação das/os policiais penais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-26)
Araújo, Isabela Cristina Alves de
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Ribeiro, Ludmila Mendonça Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3513195789991271
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-2254
;
Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
This thesis seeks to understand how the process of subjectivation of male and female prison officers occurs based on their work in correctional institutions, using the concept of “prisonization” developed by Clemmer as a theoretical basis. In addition, the work seeks to uncover whether there are differences in the perceptions of women and men. In other words, the aim is to articulate gender and the construction of a prisonized subjectivity. For that purpose, a mixed-methods methodology was employed. From a qualitative perspective, 57 interviews were conducted with prison officers based in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, where 22 were women and 35 were men. From a quantitative perspective, 91 structured questionnaires were answered, 53 by male prison officer and 38 by female prison officer. The analyses indicated that custodial techniques are transformed into a self-techniques, in which the officers guide their conduct both inside and outside the prison. A prisonized subjectivity is the construction and adoption of the prison culture that is supported by distrust, fear, violence, hostility, hyper-vigilance, valorization of the performances of masculinity.
Remoção de calor e controle de temperatura da fermentação alcoólica extrativa empregando CO₂
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-26)
Campos, Brenda Gomes
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-9846
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane ethanol. However, alcoholic fermentation still faces significant challenges, such as the inhibitory effect of ethanol and the difficulty in temperature control. Extractive fermentation with carbon dioxide (CO₂) stripping has shown promise, as it allows for the use of more concentrated sugar musts, resulting in a higher total ethanol concentration. This process also facilitates the removal of heat generated by the yeasts. In this context, the present work proposes an innovative approach by investigating temperature control through the manipulation of CO₂ volumetric flow rates in extractive fed-batch fermentations. A mathematical model of the process was developed, and simulations were performed to identify ideal flow rate values that would maintain a constant broth fermentation temperature throughout the process. The following control strategies were investigated: 1) Feedback control using an on/off controller in closed loop, adjusting the CO₂ flow rate to maintain fermentation temperature at 34 °C; 2) Optimization of CO₂ volumetric flow rates (one flow rate per subinterval), by dividing the stripping interval into different subintervals (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32), in simulated fermentations at temperatures of 30, 32, and 34 °C; and 3) Optimization of CO₂ volumetric flow rates inspired by model predictive control. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. In the first strategy, the temperature was maintained close to the desired value (34 °C) using a constant CO₂ flow rate of 12 L/min. In the second strategy, the temperature deviation was 0.5 °C, using eight optimal CO₂ flow rates. In the third strategy, the temperature was maintained at 35 °C with a deviation of less than 1 °C, employing 84 CO₂ flow rates values. This final strategy resulted in the lowest total CO₂ amount, with a reduction of approximately 14.7% compared to the others. The approach demonstrated that the use of CO₂ is effective in removing heat generated during the process and in temperature control, overcoming one of the limitations of fermentation, especially in units located in hot climates. Additionally, this approach may reduce or even eliminate the need for water for cooling fermentation vats.
Statistical modeling as an aid to academic research and control of citrus greening and citrus canker diseases in orange cultivation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Henriques, Marcos Jardel
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-9554
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3011323408047031
This thesis presents statistical solutions to several problems related to agriculture. One of them proposes a platform that generates sampling plans based on theoretical statistics, utilizing computation and considering knowledge from agricultural sciences. The platform was developed to generate automatic sampling plans, aiming to expedite the detection of the proportion of the \textit{greening} disease in orange groves. This is because, in Brazil, it is required to conduct a census to detect such proportions. For this first case, the modeling was structured through sampling techniques, using hierarchies involving count and proportion distributions, specifically the Beta-Binomial and the FlexShape-Binomial. The second problem addressed in this thesis consists of the following: for some years, many scientific journals in the field of agricultural sciences have required two identical trials, conducted at different times, to allow submission to these journals. In other words, only with the results of both trials would it be possible to submit an article to such journals. Thus, using two datasets that almost meet this requirement (i.e., experiments conducted in nearly identical ways), a statistical approach was proposed to demonstrate the equivalence between the two experiments, utilizing Bayesian modeling to compare informative priors and posteriors. The differences between the two datasets occurred during data collection. For this second part of the thesis, the data are derived from experiments designed to detect orange varieties resistant to citrus canker disease. To address this, the proposal consists of presenting a non-linear regression model based on the Gamma probability distribution, associated with growth curves such as Logistic, Gompertz, Weibull, and Hill. In the third problem, the thesis seeks to analyze a set of experimental data, aiming to identify the best combinations of rootstocks for orange varieties that confer resistance to citrus canker disease in new plants. At this stage, the modeling was conducted using the Bayesian Longitudinal Zero-Inflated Beta probability distribution. The three main problems of the thesis were solved, and, in addition, directly or indirectly, other problems and agronomic results, such as the discovery of new varieties resistant to citrus canker disease, were achieved.
Labirintos da gramática - tempo, figuração e subjetividade nas Philosophische Bemerkungen
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Michetti, Gustavo Gueraldini
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Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3135514929921903
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-6551
This thesis examines the role that temporality and subjectivity perform in the reformulation of the concept of propositional picture at the beginning of Wittgenstein’s Middle philosophy, especially in the “typescript” Ts 209 (1930), published after Wittgenstein's death under the name Philosophische Bemerkungen. More precisely, the objective is to understand to what extent the ideas of “intention” and “figuration” – which characterize the very function of language and proposition – develop from problems related to “time” and the “self”. At first, this thesis analyzes is the difficulty of reconciling two essentially distinct fields: On the one hand, language is structured by the forms of physical temporality, which involves the ideas of the past, present and future; on the other hand, which our propositions must represent, the phenomena, are structured by phenomenological temporality, determined by the characteristics of the instant, flow and succession (before-after). Secondly, this study is dedicated to exploring the possibilities of figurating phenomena based on this temporal mismatch between the physical form of language and the form of experience, taking into account the concept of expectation developed in chapters II-IV of Bemerkungen. Thirdly, the thesis explores the contrast between first-person singular and third-person singular pronouns, bearing in mind to discuss the issues of subjectivity and alterity in Wittgenstein. This work argues that, in Bemerkungen, there is a “grammatical asymmetry” between the present and other temporal perspectives, as well as between the “I” and the “other pronouns”; an asymmetry that underlies the concept of figurativity and can characterize a discursive dimension of language.
Comparação entre alguns modelos de regressão de contagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Onuki, Lucas Akio Senaga
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Bazán Guzmán, Jorge Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040998023074358
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-8795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2849328325192046
Count data reflects the number of occurrences of a behavior of interest in a given period of time (for example, a team’s goals number in Brasileirão). A common behavior of this type of data is the presence of many zeros observed, i.e. zero-inflation, which ends up somewhat overturning the estimates obtained by the Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression models, usually used to model these type of data. With this in mind, this work set out to study the variations of these models, following two fronts: The first considering models that contain a possible excess of zeros and a second, which compares models from recent literature to check whether they are good alternatives in terms estimates and performance. In total, seven models were trained, the two mentioned above, plus: Poisson-Tweedie, Bell, Zero-inflated Poisson, Zero-inflated Negative Binomial and Zero-inflated Bell. Thus, different simulation scenarios were studied by computing metrics such as mean, standard deviation, REQM and model selection criteria, such as AIC and BIC. It is worth noting that both the classical and Bayesian study methods were used for comparative classification of estimates. In addition to the simulation studies, two applications to real data are presented. As a result of the different scenarios, we understand that the models that have an exclusive part to accommodate possible excesses of zeros had greater adherence to the data in applications. Regarding the models presented in recent literature, we can state that there is similarity in the adjustments made, which validates previous studies and guarantees that they are good alternatives to the Poisson and Negative Binomial models.
Cultura Maker e a abordagem STEAM: um estudo de caso e análise bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Sakata, Erika Sayuri
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Longaresi, Rafael Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0191932527256862
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-828X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1990563312068737
There is no doubt that makerspaces are on the rise in Brazil. In the attempt to update school environments with innovative technological solutions based on structural responses, it is possible that important gaps are being left, such as those relating to evaluation processes and the training of professionals. Thus, this work was developed considering two objectives, one practical and the other theoretical: the practical objective was composed of the application of an evaluation structure (rubric) in activities carried out in the Maker Space of a private school in Sorocaba and, the theoretical objective was composed of the bibliographic survey that sought to identify elements that conceived the practice in Maker spaces. In this survey, the articles were analyzed considering the following indicators: teaching stage, methodology or approach used, use of interdisciplinarity, use of maker culture and 3D printing. The bibliographic survey showed a lack of theoretical conceptualization on the use of the concepts of teaching/learning methods and approaches to applying STEAM practices in makerspaces. Considering the use of the adopted rubric, we identified three rubric items that were easily accessed: ownership and empowerment, Maker habits and production of an artifact. As a common characteristic of the practical and theoretical parts, the rubric and the bibliographic survey indicate the greater use of maker culture in extracurricular contexts, lacking planning in the structuring curricula.
Diretrizes de design para jogos educacionais multiplayer com foco na colaboração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Ziviani, Patricia
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Otsuka, Joice Lee
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235968002513082
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3233-0314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8832218616824935
Multiplayer educational games have the potential to promote collaboration, debate, and knowledge sharing in more active and meaningful learning processes, as well as improve social and communication skills. However, most educational games found in educational resource repositories support only a single player. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a set of guidelines for the design of multiplayer educational games, focusing on collaboration, in order to assist in the development of games that can promote collaborative learning experiences. The following procedures and scientific methods were used in the research to consolidate this set of guidelines: (i) a systematic literature review, conducted to understand the state of the art of recommendations for multiplayer game design; (ii) a study on design recommendations for collaborative educational games, with the aim of deepening the analysis of recommendations focused on the design of multiplayer games that promote collaboration; (iii) an exploratory analysis of multiplayer educational games, with the objective of verifying whether the identified recommendations have been applied in the available educational games; (iv) an iterative process of designing and implementing a collaborative version of the game "Responda se Puder", allowing several cycles of refinement of the proposed set of guidelines; and (v) case studies in public schools, involving students and teachers from high school and lower secondary education, to validate the effectiveness of the guidelines, following four methods: direct observation of a game session at each educational level; evaluation using the EGameFlow (FU; SU; YU, 2009) with the participants; focus groups with student teams; and interviews with teachers who acted as moderators of the game sessions. The evaluation of the case study results indicated a good convergence among participants, confirming effective collaboration and satisfaction with the game, which initially confirms the feasibility and validity of the guidelines to support the development of multiplayer educational games that promote effective collaboration among students.
Segmentação de cristais de clínquer em imagens microscópicas via redes neurais convolucionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Rodrigues, Renan Vinicius
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Paz, Rosineide Fernando da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0773010734982168
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Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824
Portland cement is currently carried out by trained professionals who analyze the crystals present in the microstructure of the clinker (an input produced in the cement manufacturing process and which gives it its main characteristics). Among these crystals, the one that most affects the final product is Alita (C3S). Because of this, building an automatic process for segmenting and classifying C3S in microscopic images of clinker can bring savings and efficiency in cement manufacturing. This work, therefore, seeks, through convolutional neural networks and image pre-processing filters, to carry out this segmentation so that the automation of the process is viable, increasing the quality of the product. A description of neural networks and their extensions is provided, as well as a brief review of the most common image preprocessing filters. Subsequently, several neural network models are fitted and compared in the analysis of clinker images.
Fotocatálise mediada por nitretos de carbono cristalinos aplicada na valorização de nitroaromáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Rocha, Guilherme de Freitas Silva Rodrigues
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Teixeira, Ivo Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9782517948999001
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-061X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6272319886260697
Carbon nitrides are a class of inorganic polymeric compounds composed of carbon and nitrogen with a C3N4 ratio. Over the past decades, carbon nitrides have been extensively studied due to their significant photocatalytic potential for energy conversion reactions and organic synthesis. However, many of the materials reported in the literature exhibit low crystallinity and reproducibility. In this work, highly crystalline carbon nitrides were synthesized by the thermal condensation of melamine in the presence of NaCl, thus achieving greater control during the polymerization process. The obtained material has a poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) structural organization with negative charges stabilized by Na+ cations. The ionic nature of this metal allows for the substitution of alkali cations by transition metals through a cation exchange process in aqueous medium. The PHI structure enables strong coordination of transition metals to nitrogen atoms with high dispersion, which can be classified as single-atoms. Single-atom-based catalysts represent the latest frontier in maximizing surface area per mole of metal, combined with a coordination environment that simulates coordination compounds, thus acting as a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. In addition to the possibility of metal coordination, the PHI structure is also susceptible to protonation in the presence of strong acids, leading to the formation of a new structure with acidic properties (H-PHI). Materials synthesized by these two approaches were applied in reactions of great chemical interest. Ni-PHI was used in hydrogen transfer reactions to reduce nitrobenzene to aniline using H2O under sustainable and renewable reaction conditions. Meanwhile, H-PHI was employed in the one-step photocatalytic synthesis of quinoline derivatives from nitrobenzene and ethanol under mild conditions.
Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate (SODD) as feedstock for esters production: techno-economic-environmental analysis of enzymatic routes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Cansian, Ana Bárbara Moulin
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Sousa Júnior, Ruy de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-173X
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
The constant demand for feasible processes maintaining low environmental indicators has been nonstop in recent decades. In response to these goals, the circular economy has emerged, with one of the pillars of coproduct reuse at all stages of production. In the soybean oil industry context, the refining stage produces a residue with significant potential for applications in a biorefinery, further contributing to the circularity of production and the reduction of costs: the soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD). The concentrations of fatty acids and mono-, di-, and triglycerides found in SODD make it an exciting prospect as an appealing candidate for conversion into esters through reactions with alcohols or sugars, producing biodiesel or biosurfactants. For laboratory research to be applicable on an industrial scale, techno-economic-environmental analyses must indicate the process's economic viability and environmental impacts. There are several studies related to the experimental data of biodiesel production. However, they are rarer when using raw materials that do not compete with the food industry. Likewise, research into the production of biosurfactants with this type of raw material is rare. Nevertheless, no studies evaluate processes from techno-economic-environmental analysis using SODD. In this context, this work aimed to support the development and scaling of biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl esters) and biosurfactants (fatty acid xylose ester) production by conducting a techno-economic and environmental assessment of enzymatic processes using a subproduct/ residue from biorefineries (SODD) as a material source of fatty acids. Initially, the study focused on the esterification of oleic acid with xylose using immobilized lipase, analyzing economic and environmental factors. Using tert-butanol as a solvent, the Minimum Biosurfactant Selling Price (MBSP) was US$72.37/kg with 86% purity. When methyl ethyl ketone was used instead, and investment in purification increased, the MBSP rose to US$392.98/kg with 96% purity, suitable for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Additionally, enzymatic biodiesel and biosurfactant production using soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) were modeled. The biodiesel had an MBSP of US$6.15/L and showed lower environmental impacts than traditional method, such as Global Warming Potential in 100 years (GWP100: 1.55 kg CO2 eq.), Abiotic depletion (AD: 27.66 MJ), and Acidification (AC: 3.35∙10^(-3) kg SO2 eq. Three scenarios for biosurfactant production were evaluated, with MBSPs ranging from US$5.82/kg to US$13.42/kg, depending on the solvent mixture. The process with solvent ratio tert-butanol: dimethyl sulfoxide: water of 6.29:1.86:1.86 in volume presented the lowest values of environmental parameters (GWP100: 1.87 kg CO2 eq., AD: 18.4 MJ; AC: 5.09∙10^(-3) kg SO2 eq., EU: 2.54∙10^(-3) kg PO4 eq.). The research concluded that optimizing solvent mixture and using SODD can add value to biorefineries, improving profitability and environmental sustainability.
Efeitos da frequência lexical na interpretação de situação-problema em matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-27)
Agostini, Tainara Duro
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Silveira, Amanda Post da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1443032530125906
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Conde, Dirceu Cleber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073
The objective of this study is to investigate the linguistic factors that influence the difficulty in interpreting math word problems faced by students from 6th to 9th grade. This inquiry is necessary because, to reach a solution or understanding of a mathematical text, especially exercises, it is essential to read and comprehend. In other words, there is a process of translating from natural language to mathematical language, an exchange of codes. However, due to the use of words unfamiliar to the students in the composition of word problems, they encounter difficulties in solving them. In this context, we observe that vocabulary is indeed important, as the student needs to know the linguistic object they are dealing with to enable the translation from natural language to mathematical language. Based on the hypothesis that a lack of vocabulary knowledge might affect interpretation, we constructed a corpus of word problem texts to analyze word choice and usage, aiming to determine which words are being used and their frequency to investigate whether the choice of these words influences the student's interpretative process. To assess the frequency of these terms, we performed a comparative analysis between different corpora: word problems, frequent words for Brazilian children, and common terms for adults. After working with the corpora, we developed an experiment to test students' familiarity with the words in the mathematics book and then to see if they could place the word within the context of the statement. This led us to confirm that indeed unfamiliar words hinder students' interpretative processes, indicating that lexical choice is a significant challenge that affects students' interpretative process and academic performance.
Análise técnica e família GARCH para séries temporais financeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-29)
Cerri, Rafael Augusto
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Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4721159504482110
The stock market is an environment where people buy and sell stocks and financial assets, becoming shareholders of companies with the aim of making profits through dividends and stock appreciation. Today, living off income from the stock market is sought after by many, as it provides passive income, portfolio diversification, and accessible investments. The Stock Exchange not only benefits investors but also companies, allowing them to finance their investments by selling parts of their capital. Moreover, it is essential for economic growth, being considered the heart of the economy. In this context, this work employs two techniques for stock analysis: technical analysis, carried out through graphs, and analysis using the GARCH family, with the R software. The goal is to predict whether it is advantageous to buy, sell, or hold a stock in a specific financial time series based on indicators such as the stock’s opening and closing values. This analysis has the potential to guide both investors and companies in their future decisions, contributing to those entering or already involved in the stock market. We conclude that neither of these forms of analysis is better than the other; rather, they complement each other. Technical analysis is ideal for identifying short-term profit opportunities, while the GARCH model helps understand the risk and volatility involved. The ideal approach is to combine both to make more accurate and balanced decisions.
A práxis curricular da Educação Infantil nas pré-escolas públicas de Sorocaba à luz da articulação entre a Pedagogia Freireana e os pressupostos do Materialismo Histórico-dialético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30)
Bravo, Daniela Gaete Sewaybricker
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Torres, Juliana Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-6702
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0012269449134102
The present research has as its object of study the curricular praxis of Early Childhood Education in preschools in the municipal education network of Sorocaba in the light of the articulation between Freirean Pedagogy and the assumptions of Historical-dialectical Materialism and aims to analyze to what extent curricular praxis of preschools in the Sorocaba municipal education network come closer to or distance themselves from Freire's authentic curricular praxis in the light of Historical-dialectical Materialism. It presents a qualitative approach and makes use of bibliographical research, documentary analysis, observation of teaching practice and questionnaires with open and closed questions, which were applied in the second half of 2023 to management teams and educators of educational institutions in the municipal education network. Sorocaba-SP, with exclusive services for the pre-school stage. Thus, we used bibliographical research for the historical construction of the evolution of Brazilian Early Childhood Education and the constitution of preschools in the city of Sorocaba, in addition to characterizing the concept of praxis, classifying it within the context of Historical-dialectical Materialism, since Marx and Engels and its dissemination to Freire. We then present Freire's Liberating Education and his conception of curricular praxis, contemplating his conception of a critical-liberating curriculum and its consequences in Early Childhood Education. The analysis of the documents, the data collected via questionnaires, as well as the observation of the educators' performance in the classroom, were carried out using the Discursive Textual Analysis methodology, based on Freire's Authentic Curricular Praxis category, which is understood as inherent to the categories dialogue, problematization, awareness, which, in turn, are permeated by the concrete reality category. The subject praxiological parameters, contexts and processes were defined a priori, which helped us to size the curricular praxis of preschools in the municipal education network of Sorocaba. We conclude that, despite the efforts and good intentions expressed in the analysis of the questionnaires and the actions observed in the classroom, there is still a long way to go so that the curricular praxis in preschools in the municipal education network of Sorocaba becomes truly critical and liberating, closer to authentic praxis. However, we defend the viability of an authentic curricular praxis in Early Childhood Education, specifically for preschools in the municipal education network, and we propose the development of a critical-liberating curriculum, in addition to proposing a public policy of self(trans)formation permanent contact with teachers.
Desenvolvimento da relação letra som em crianças com autismo a partir de procedimentos de recombinação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30)
Silva, Dafny Bispo da
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-174X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7491123847079316
The development of phonemic awareness has been widely recognized as a crucial factor in the acquisition of reading and writing repertoires. Several studies in applied behavior analysis have investigated this skill in the context of literacy in Brazilian Portuguese, although most of them have not focused on autistic children. Furthermore, there is often a lack of precise and detailed descriptions of interventions, making it challenging to replicate procedures. The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of a computerized teaching program on the development of phonemic correspondence skills in autistic children. Four children diagnosed with autism participated, three male and one female, all of whom were not yet literate. An experimental single-subject design was employed, with multiple probes and a comparison of pre-and post-intervention measures. The pre-intervention measures included the reading of a set of words included in the program, while the post-intervention measures assessed performance on new words not directly taught. The dependent variable was the development of phonemic awareness, and the independent variable was the application of the computerized program, which consisted of auditory and visual stimulus matching-to-sample tasks. The results indicated that the application of systematic and technologically precise programs can significantly contribute to the development of phonological skills in autistic children, allowing for greater accuracy in teaching and the replicability of procedures.
Optimization of PLA foams produced by supercritical method: influence of chemical modification and incorporation of CNC on the resulting cellular structures
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30)
Suquisaqui, Ana Beatriz Valim
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Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado
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Bras, Julien
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1613243099074803
The main objective of this research was to study the influence of chemical modification and the introduction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the properties of PLA, with a view to producing foams using supercritical CO2 as a foaming agent. In parallel, to produce a cellulose-based porous material, a CNF cryogel was produced with an increased hydrophobic character, without the need for chemical treatments. For the chemical modification of PLA, GMA was used as a modifying agent, in the presence of peroxide as an initiator. For the strategy of incorporating fillers, the CNC was chemically modified by mechanochemistry using octadecyl isocyanate to increase compatibility with the PLA matrix. The nanocomposites were produced in different concentrations of neat and modified CNC. The cellulose-based cryogels were produced by freeze-drying a suspension of CNF with PLA nanoparticles which, after being freeze-dried, were subjected to thermal treatment. The results showed that the chemical modification of PLA resulted in significant changes in the cell structures of the foams, in which an optimum concentration between reagents resulted in homogeneous cells in the order of 15 μm. The introduction of CNC was more significant at 10 wt%, which neat CNC at this concentration resulted in the smallest cell size and highest expansion ratio. As for the CNF cryogel, the introduction of 10 wt% PLA nanoparticles followed by heat treatment proved to be efficient in increasing the material hydrophobic character, without impacting the internal structure of the pores. In this way, the results obtained in this doctoral thesis can support further research into the development or improvement of foamed and/or porous materials based on polymers from renewable sources.
Ser professor-pesquisador: cientistas sociais e produtivismo acadêmico nas universidades estaduais paulistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30)
Moraes, Lívia Bocalon Pires de
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Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-9400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214
The research is part of studies on academic productivism and its repercussions on the work of professor-researchers in graduate programs in Sociology and Social Sciences at state universities in São Paulo. It focuses on the following research question: What is the influence of unequal conditions in addressing the pressures for productivist academic practices on the meanings attributed by professor-researchers to their work and the strategies they adopt in their academic-scientific practices? The objective of the investigation is to analyze the relationship between the inequality of conditions in addressing the pressures for productivist academic practices, the meanings attributed to their work by these professor-researchers, and the strategies they adopt in their academic-scientific practices. The study is grounded in Pierre Bourdieu's theory, particularly his concepts of field, capital, habitus, symbolic power, strategy, and illusio, treating professor-researchers as competing agents who occupy unequal positions within the structure of the academic field, of which graduate studies are a part. This is a mixed-methods study based on curriculum data from 145 professor-researchers affiliated with graduate programs in Sociology and Social Sciences at the University of São Paulo (USP), the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), in the Marília and Araraquara campuses, in 2019. The methodological procedures adopted included: a literature review; document analysis of the regulations governing graduate studies and research in Brazil; statistical analysis of the Lattes curriculum vitae of the professor-researchers using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA); and semi-structured interviews with eleven professors from the aforementioned graduate programs, selected based on groups resulting from the statistical analysis. The research results show that the classifications and hierarchies generated and enacted through CAPES' evaluation of graduate studies significantly affect the academic-scientific practices and shared conceptions of professor-researchers operating in the academic field. These professors recognize the institutional legitimacy of these principles as criteria for the distribution of material resources and confer upon these classifications (which become principles of vision and division) a belief in their validity as guiding precepts of intellectual work. Thus, the subjective internalization of the objective divisions established by CAPES reinforces the power of this evaluation body and the hierarchies it establishes, directly affecting the "scientific work" of professor-researchers in the Brazilian academic field. This suggests a tendency for this evaluative framework to increasingly influence the meanings that professor-researchers subjected to the "CAPES Evaluation Model" attribute to their work.
Estudos sobre a síntese do ibuprofeno em condições de batelada e fluxo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30)
Magalhães, Maria Flávia Assunção
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Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9586747493762388
Ibuprofen is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug for pain, inflammation and fever. Although there are several synthetic approaches to obtain this API, most of them involve reactions that have low efficiency using toxic, dangerous and expensive reagents. Therefore, a new methodology for the synthesis of ibuprofen was proposed, using innovative approaches such as electrosynthesis and photocatalysis in both batch and continuous flow conditions. Initially, the first proposed step starts from the compound isobutylbenzene, which is cheap and commercially available. A regioselective iodination in the para position was performed using “I+” generated in the anode chamber of a divided electrochemical cell. The best condition provided the first intermediate, paraiodoisobutylbenzene, in 90% yield in a 5:1:94 ratio of the ortho:meta:para regioisomers. The second step consisted of the photocatalyzed functionalization of paraiodoisobutylbenzene using an enol acetate to form 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanal. The parameters were explored using commercial starting materials (iodotoluene and isopropenyl acetate), which provided the photofunctionalization product in 52% yield. However, when the best reaction condition was applied with prop-1-enyl acetate for the synthesis of ibuprofen, a low yield (19%) was observed, in addition to obtaining a mixture of regioisomers, making the continuation of this synthetic route unfeasible. Other approaches aiming at the use of the aryl-iodo derivative were tested, however, without achieving the desired success.
The expanded Turing test applied to algorithmic music composition
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30)
Gonçalves Junior, Clenio Batista
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Homem, Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7077081155911183
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-5137
The field of research in algorithmic music composition investigates the development of systems that have the ability to produce works automatically. In this context, gaps related to human-computer interaction via digital music are observed, with a demand for works that evaluate the material produced in relation to the listener. The present work describes the evaluation of an algorithmic music composition system through the application of the expanded Turing test. The experiment had the participation of 237 volunteers, subdivided into 3 groups: 10 professionals who work in the musical area, 39 participants with specialized musical knowledge and 188 participants with little or no musical knowledge. Excerpts from 3 compositions were used, one of them generated by the algorithmic composition system Fraseado and the other two classical compositions in the Western context. Among the results obtained, it was found that 77.1% of the participants identified the algorithmically generated excerpt as having been created by traditional composition methods, indicating the system's ability to exhibit a behavior equivalent to the human being.
Protagonismo juvenil ambiental como direito humano: estudo de caso dos jovens embaixadores ambientais de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-01)
Oliveira, Celso Maran de
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Aragão, Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-3614
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-4907
Os jovens devem ser envolvidos nas demandas pessoais e sociais de modo a colaborar com a solução dos problemas ambientais, e é papel do Estado criar e executar políticas públicas que possibilitem essa autonomia e participação deles nos assuntos ambientais. O presente trabalho objetiva analisar as normas jurídicas nacionais e internacionais para identificar os diplomas legais relacionados ao protagonismo juvenil como um direito humano positivado. Foram utilizados o estudo de caso, a pesquisa-ação, a etnografia e a pesquisa fundamentada nos dados como metodologias; e o uso de dados coletados por entrevista, observação participante e de documentos. Chegou-se a resultados que demonstram que o movimento estudado encontra fundamento legal reconhecendo o protagonismo juvenil como direito humano a ser respeitado e incentivado pelo poder público. O caso pode servir de exemplo para outros movimentos no âmbito da rede de ensino (estadual e municipal), como já ocorre no município de São Carlos (SP); no âmbito da rede estadual, o movimento carece de norma estadual específica; no âmbito da rede municipal, encontra norma jurídica carecedora de regulamentação. Sugere-se, ainda, que o poder público de outros estados e municípios considerem o JEA do município de São Carlos como modelo de protagonismo juvenil ambiental.