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Educação alimentar e nutricional na BNCC e no Currículo Paulista na área de ciências da natureza e o papel da autonomia docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11) Fernandes, Dione Eduardo da Silva; Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2777587527227374
Food and Nutrition Education is associated with the establishment of policies and guidelines that aim to promote healthy eating habits and ensure the food and nutritional security of the population. This field is seen by the official documents of the National Common Curricular Base and the São Paulo Curriculum as a cross-cutting theme, so that it can reflect on students' eating habits and choices in order to contribute to health promotion. The objective of this study was to identify whether and in what way the topic of nutrition is addressed in the curricular documents in the area of Elementary School Sciences (National Common Curricular Base and São Paulo Curriculum) and relate it to teacher autonomy. As a methodological option for data analysis, the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin and documentary research in the National Common Curriculum Base and the São Paulo Curriculum were used. The results demonstrated that the Specific Natural Sciences Competencies for Elementary School in the São Paulo Curriculum do not have an explicit periodicity for EAN, therefore, it is treated as a Cross-Cutting Contemporary Theme. It was also found that, just as in the National Common Curricular Base, the São Paulo Curriculum, the public policies for healthy eating proposed by the Framework for Food and Nutrition Education and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population are not current in their schedules for Food and Nutrition Education, just as not addressing ultra-processed foods makes no sense to highlight their possible health consequences in order to avoid them. It is considered that public policies are not in tune, since the proposals of the Framework for Food and Nutrition Education (2012) and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (2014) should have been considered by the documents that emerged temporally later, namely the National Common Curriculum Base (2018) and the São Paulo Curriculum (2019).
Dye contaminant removal: adsorption on thermoplastic starch/kraft lignin composites and photodegradation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11) Freitas, Amanda de Sousa Martinez de; Rodrigues, Jéssica de Souza; Amaro, Stefanny; Ramos, Beatriz Maia; Ferreira, Marystela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9739345065523926; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4368023496052703; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0068466529035437; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5115508249235567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-4716; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-6571; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9296-0327; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3881-2107; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-8167
This study investigated the removal of contaminants in water by adsorption on thermoplastic starch (TPS) and kraft lignin (KL) composites. A study on the desorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes in water was also carried out, followed by the photodegradation of solutions containing dissolved dyes. Initially, the surface morphology of the TPS and TPS-KL films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, revealing advantageous characteristics for efficient adsorption of contaminants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis made it possible to characterize the TPS and TPS-KL composites. The results demonstrate the reversibility of the process and confirm the lack of permanent chemical modification in the polymer matrix, indicating that the adsorption/desorption process is physical rather than chemical. This suggests that the adsorbent material can be reused without losing its fundamental structural properties. Furthermore, the study allows for verification of the chemical changes on the surfaces of the materials involved. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) results show that for MO, both substrates exhibited low adsorption capacity, with efficiency values close to 20%. In contrast, for MB, both composite materials displayed excellent dye adsorption rates, achieving efficiencies of 78% or higher. The photodegradation of adsorbed dyes revealed promising results.
Influências do orçamento público na produção científica: um estudo sobre a ação orçamentária de fomento para pesquisa na rede federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11) Estevam, Célia Aparecida Almeida; Silva, Márcia Regina da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381461208053330; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4141986821911463; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-6306
The Federal Network for Professional, Scientific and Technological Education is considered a bold initiative in Brazilian educational policy, standing out for the creation and transformation of federal institutions into Federal Institutes that play a fundamental role in consolidating the teaching, research and extension tripod. This network is maintained with public funds from the federal government. In this context, the following hypotheses are formulated: a) the allocation of specific budget resources for research allows for the allocation of part of the discretionary federal budget to finance expenses related to scientific production; and b) there is potential growth in the scientific production of teachers at the Network's institutions, driven by the institution's financial support and favorable conditions for carrying out research. The main objective of this study is to investigate the budget management of the Research Promotion Action and its influence on academic production, considering the articles published by teachers. To this end, the aim is to map the allocation of financial resources by the Federal Network, evaluate the evolution of budget allocations over time and invent the articles published by permanent and active teachers, identifying authors, characteristics, citations and the network of co-authorships of researchers benefiting from researcher aid between 2018 and 2022. The research adopted a methodological strategy that integrated bibliographic and documentary methods with bibliometric analysis, organized into three distinct phases and using a method triangulation approach to provide a comprehensive view of the study. In the exploratory phase, qualitative methods were used to understand the phenomena studied and establish a solid theoretical basis, reviewing the literature on Science, Technology and Society, Public Choice Theory, Actor-Network Theory and Public Budgeting. The descriptive phase focused on collecting and analyzing budget data from the Federal Network, using the Integrated Planning and Budgeting System and the Transparency Portal to examine the amounts allocated and committed, with an emphasis on the Research Promotion Action. In the final phase, the empirical data was organized and analyzed to correlate the funding of research activities with scientific production, considering the articles published by teachers at the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais, which was selected because it had the highest amounts allocated and committed to Action 6380/21B3. The data analyzed indicates that, despite progress, research in the Network still faces significant challenges, such as budget limitations and administrative decisions that impact the allocation of resources to finance expenses directly linked to research activities. The application of the Actor-Network Theory and the Public Choice Theory made it possible to understand that the effectiveness of funding policies is directly related to the interaction between managers, teachers and the resources available, which is essential for boosting the impact of these institutions on the scientific scene. Finally, the results obtained highlight the effectiveness of researcher support as an instrument for promoting research, suggesting that the strategic allocation of resources can boost research activities and consolidate the position of the Federal Institutes as important research and innovation hubs. It is believed that initiatives such as this research can contribute to the continuity of the dialog and bring about paradigm shifts in the Network's institutions, taking advantage of the legal flexibility of budget allocation, which is discretionary for each management, to promote investments in research activities.
A relação entre autoritarismo de direita e apoio acrítico a líderes de extrema-direita: o caso do bolsonarismo no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11) Sartori, João Eduardo Torrecillas; Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-9778; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7305791890606748; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-8042
The issue addressed in this thesis involved two suppositions. Initially, the supposition that dividing Bolsonaro's supporters into two groups—uncritical (bolsonaristas) and strategic—would enable a more sophisticated understanding of bolsonarism (an authoritarian right-wing mass movement led by Bolsonaro) and, moreover, of the differences between this movement and its "surroundings." Although categories such as anti-PT sentiment were identified as decisive factors for voting for Bolsonaro in 2018, they would not necessarily have contributed to the establishment, among some of his most fervent voters (known as bolsonaristas), of a "bolsonarista attitude"—characterized by the uncritical mode of support for him. Possibly, certain socially relevant categories (such as right-wing ideology, anti-PT sentiment, pro-coup tendencies, etc.) might have been significantly involved in the adoption of a strategic mode of support for Bolsonaro, but not in his idealization—and vice versa. Furthermore, the supposition that among the most relevant determinants of the establishment of the bolsonarista attitude was a certain complex of right-wing authoritarian inclinations previously consolidated within a significant sector of the Brazilian electorate. While no author had yet focused their study on identifying the determinants of the bolsonarista attitude, findings from various studies suggested the importance of investigating the relationship between those inclinations and the establishment of such an attitude. In this thesis, we argue that: (i) right-wing authoritarianism was widely established in the years leading up to Bolsonaro's election but was "inactive"; (ii) its average level in those years was similar to its counterpart in 2018; and (iii) between late 2018 and early 2019, the bolsonarista attitude tended to result from right-wing authoritarianism as strongly as it did from other categories, with this authoritarianism being an extremely important element in the Brazilian context—its recent activation enabling the rise of bolsonarism (which, at the start of this study, was still a newly emerged political phenomenon on the national stage). Initially, we examined microdata from the AmericasBarometer and developed a novel psychometric instrument to measure right-wing authoritarianism: the AD-BR instrument—adapted to the nuances of this authoritarianism in contemporary Brazilian society. We then analyzed and compared the levels of right-wing authoritarianism in Brazilian society during years prior to the establishment of bolsonarism on a national level and in 2019. Subsequently, we investigated the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and the bolsonarista attitude between 2018 and 2019. To this end, we compared the average levels of right-wing authoritarianism in 2018/2019 among different types of Bolsonaro supporters and non-supporters, and then between bolsonaristas and non-bolsonaristas. Here, we used the variable "level of confidence in Bolsonaro" to create two additional novel variables (related to the notion of the bolsonarista attitude). Finally, we built statistical regression models and compared, within this timeframe, the extent to which the bolsonarista attitude could be explained by right-wing authoritarianism versus other socially relevant categories. More broadly, this thesis contributed to identifying the determinants of the uncritical mode of support for far-right leaders in an international context marked by their recent empowerment.
Assessment of treatable traits of functioning in hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11) Leonardi, Naiara Tais; Cruz, Joana; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-4469; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2657; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1938682751518303; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-3932
Hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD) often experience physical and functional impairments, limitations in daily activities, and negative impact on their quality of life and prognosis. Identifying the main treatable traits of functioning and their appropriate markers is essential for guiding individualized patient care. Objective: To develop a performance-based toolkit to assess the main treatable traits of functioning in hospitalized patients with ECOPD. Methods: This thesis is composed of four studies: STUDY 1: A systematic review that was conducted following the COSMIN guidelines to summarize and compare the measurement properties of performance-based outcome measures for functioning in hospitalized patients with ECOPD. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, and Cochrane were searched using terms related to functioning, hospitalized patients with ECOPD, and measurement properties. STUDY 2 (protocol): A survey-based observational study was developed to create a performance-based toolkit. The protocol included the following steps: 1) Defining treatable traits with input from physiotherapists who regularly care for hospitalized ECOPD patients and patients who have experienced at least one ECOPD requiring hospitalization; 2) Selecting the most appropriate markers for each treatable trait based on established criteria and findings from the systematic review. STUDY 3: A qualitative research was conducted using short, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with patients, analyzed using thematic analysis to explore patients’ perspectives on the impact of ECOPD on functioning during and post-hospitalization and the role of physical therapy (PT) in ECOPD management. STUDY 4: The survey-based observational study was developed and it was created the performance-based toolkit. Results: The systematic review included thirteen studies featuring nine outcome measures: 6-minute peg board ring test (6PBRT), 6-minute stepper test; 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 4-meter gait speed (4MGS), Berg balance scale (BBS), de Morton mobility index (DEMMI), handgrip strength (HGS), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Construct validity was rated as sufficient with very low quality of evidence. In the qualitative study, ten patients were enrolled, and four main themes were identified: 1) Hospitalization period – a) Perception of functioning (disability perception: balance problems and leg weakness), b) Perceptions of physical therapy (positive attitude: importance of physical therapy; types of interventions: respiratory, walking, and strength exercises; difficulties in performing physical therapy: breathlessness, fatigue and fear of falling; impact of physical therapy: physical and mental improvements); 2) Post-hospitalization – a) Perception of functioning (deterioration in body function: tiredness, breathlessness, weakness, worsened well-being; and changes in daily life), b) Lifestyle modification. Finally, 67 physiotherapists and 17 patients identified the main treatable traits, and the performance-based toolkit was developed with the respective recommended markers included: exercise tolerance (60-second sit-to-stand test [60secSTS] or 6MWT), changing basic position (60secSTS or 5-repetition sit-to-stand test), maintaining basic position (BBS or single-leg stance), and walking (6MWT or 4MGS). Additionally, depending on available resources, time, and space, may also be assessed: respiratory muscle function (MIP), muscle power function (5STS or HGS), and lifting and carrying objects, as well as hand and arm use (6PBRT or Glittre test). Conclusion: A performance-based toolkit was developed to assess relevant treatable traits of functioning in patients hospitalized with ECOPD, along with evidence-based markers for assessing them. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of this toolkit in this population and different hospital-based contexts.