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Exploring the potential of eukaryotic microalgae: a biochemical, bioactive, and metabolomic study
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01) Solidade, Lucas Santos; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3640; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3866513568022265; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-0495
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms whose use dates back to ancient times. They stand out for their ability to accumulate proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, and bioactive compounds with nutritional and industrial potential. This study aimed to explore freshwater eukaryotic microalgae by evaluating their chemical composition, as well as their potential applications in the nutraceutical, bioenergy and pharmaceutical sectors. For this purpose, 26 different species of microalgae were evaluated, of which 12 had their biochemical compositions characterized. The microalgae Pediastrum sp. and Chlorella emersonii presented the most promising macromolecular compositions for industrial feasibility studies, with growth rates higher than the other algae (0.96 and 0.90 d-1) and protein content greater than 60%. Pediastrum sp. also stood out for its higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and superior antioxidant activity, making it promising as a nutritional source. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the microalga C. emersonii was able to inhibit the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. After fractionation, its antimicrobial potential increased, with fractions B and C showing the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of up to 50 µg.mL-1 and S. mutans at up to 25 µg.mL-1. Metabolic analysis of these fractions indicated the significant presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, likely responsible for the antimicrobial activity, as well as secondary compounds that require further investigation. The anti-obesity activity of the extracts was also observed, with lipid-reducing, anti-inflammatory, and appetite-suppressing potential in the microalgae S. bibraianum and Dictyosphaerium sp. S. bibraianum demonstrated the highest lipid-reducing activity, reducing lipid reserves by up to 50%, while Dictyosphaerium sp. exhibited the greatest appetite-suppressing (70% inhibition) and anti-inflammatory activity (95% inhibition). Metabolomic analysis revealed metabolites such as chlorophyll derivatives and polar lipids associated with these bioactivities. The assays also indicated an absence of cytotoxicity in the extracts. In conclusion, the microalgae C. emersonii, Pediastrum sp., and Dictyosphaerium sp. show promise for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. They may be further explored for future industrial applications, standing out from the other algae evaluated in this study.
Perfil do padrão de resistência a antibióticos dos uropatógenos isolados de pacientes admitidos em um Hospital e uma análise reflexiva sobre a iniciação científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01) Pereira, Mariana Negri; Monti, José Fernando Casquel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1641654071358324; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-7926; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2891348185034112; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0628-7278
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very prevalent and, in general, empirical antibiotic therapies are used due to the time required to obtain urine culture results. It is known, however, that the indiscriminate use of these medications contributes to the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. In this sense, knowledge about the local prevalence of uropathogens and their pattern of resistance to antimicrobials is essential for designing a more appropriate empirical treatment, aiming to avoid bacterial resistance and maximize therapeutic success. Objectives: Determine the frequency of uropathogens and the antibiotic resistance profile of patients with community UTI admitted to a hospital in October/2018-2020. Methodology: Data from 1602 positive urine cultures and antibiograms (sex, age, uropathogen species and sensitivity to antimicrobials) were tabulated and the prevalence of the species and the global resistance profile were calculate, by sex and age group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was used, using Fisher's exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting a p value < 0.05). Results: Globally, infections were more prevalent in women and the elderly. Bacteria were detected in 1528 urine cultures (95.38%), of which 1382 (90.44%) were Gram-negative and 146 (9.56%) were Gram-positive. The most prevalent species were: Escherichia coli (63.87%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.34%), Proteus mirabilis (5.69%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.06%), and Enterococcus faecalis (4.06%). In both sexes, E. coli was significantly higher in adults compared to the elderly, while other species became more common in the latter group. Regarding the resistance profile, the tested aminoglycosides and carbapenems, Ceftazidime, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin+Tazobactam, and Fosfomycin had a resistance rate < 20%; Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime, Cefepime and Amoxicillin+Clavulanate < 30% and the fluoroquinolones, Cefuroxime and Sulfometoxazol+Trimetropim < 40%. For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the elderly compared to other ages. Discussion: The highest incidence of UTI in females and the elderly is already well documented, as well as the higher prevalence of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, especially enterobacteria. The change in the frequencies of uropathogens according to the age group is probably related to a greater occurrence of complicated UTI in the elderly. Such group would also be subject to infections with more resistant bacteria due to factors such as previous use of antibiotics and more frequent hospitalizations. Regarding antibiotic therapy, resistance rates < 20% are considered adequate for empirical use, such as aminoglycosides, carbapenems, Ceftazidime, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin+Tazobactam, and Fosfomycin. Conclusions: This study contributes to the choice of the most appropriate local empirical treatment. However, the dynamism of these analyzed profiles and the importance of their repetition from time to time stand out, given the environmental changes to which the pathogens are subjected.
A dimensão ética da catalogação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01) Silva, Cleide Oliveira da; Zafalon, Zaira Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584935790390793; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-2138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8164817372542198; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7393-073X
In the current context of information retrieval, characterized by technological advances and the search for quick answers in different media and communication platforms, cataloging plays a central role. The bibliographic description allows you to access and retrieve information about collections efficiently and with a focus on users' needs. However, this process is not without ethical implications, which can impact the way information is accessed and interpreted. Given this, this research analyzed how the International Cataloging Principles (ICP) reflect these ethical values. Through a qualitative approach, of an applied nature, with exploratory objectives and the use of bibliographic and documentary research, in addition to the narrative review method, the ethical values present in the ICP were examined. The results highlighted the ethical dimension existing in the literature on bibliographic representation, confirmed and contrasted with the ICP. It was concluded that certain ethical values are not yet included in the current Principles, suggesting the need for future research to evaluate the possibility of updating the ICP, in order to include ethical values that are absent in the current guidelines.
Análise da assistência multidisciplinar ao paciente em uso da terapia nutricional enteral na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto: estudo retrospectivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01) Falciroli, Isa Milene Vansan; Silva, Elaine Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7164632050856311; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8970-4191; Girão, Fernanda Berchelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9999840170649511; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-0519; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623138226492742; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0183-2055
Objective: To analyze the multidisciplinary care of patients hospitalized and receiving Enteral Nutrition Therapy via nasoenteric tube in the Adult Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital, through the records of physical and electronic medical charts. Material and Method: This is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study in terms of objectives and documentary in terms of procedures, in which physical and electronic medical charts of patients who were admitted to the Adult ICU of the University Hospital were evaluated. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings at UFSCar, CAAE 76566623.5.0000.5504. Results: From January 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024, a total of 48 patients were hospitalized in the Adult ICU of the University Hospital and required Enteral Nutrition via nasoenteric tube. The high mortality rate of the cases evaluated is noteworthy, with 35 (72.92%) patients progressing to death. When analyzing the performance of one or more nasoenteric tube placements per patient, it was observed that in most cases (n = 30 - 62.50%), only one placement was performed. It was noted that 20 (41.67%) medical charts recorded the indication for Enteral Nutrition in the Medical Progress Notes. When analyzing the total number of tube placements performed (n = 84 - 100%), only 20 (23.81%) had requests for X-rays recorded to confirm tube positioning after insertion. Comparatively, the request for X-rays by medical professionals was found in 81 (96.43%) nasoenteric tube placements in the nursing team's notes. Regarding the placement of nasoenteric tubes by nurses, 75 (89.29%) were recorded; only 8 (9.52%) had documentation of the type and size of the nasoenteric tube used, and 13 (15.48%) recorded tolerance or complications during placement. Concerning the documentation of the insertion nostril and external measurement, 51 (60.71%) contained this data; 18 (21.43%) conducted bedside position confirmation testing via auscultation, 46 (95.83%) documented the prescription of care for the nasoenteric tube, and only 49 (58.33%) recorded confirmation of X-ray completion, including the name and professional category of the person who performed it. In 34 (70.83%) cases, there was documentation of the initiation of enteral feeding with the system opening time, infusion rate, and responsible party, while this information was not found in 11 (22.92%) charts. During the ICU stay, 40 incidents related to nasoenteric tubes were identified, most of which involved accidental externalization (25 - 62.5%). No records of these incidents were found in the hospital's internal notification system. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals' records are essential for documenting interventions and care for hospitalized patients and are necessary for identifying areas for improvement in care processes to avoid errors and prevent adverse events.