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Estudo conceitual dos sinais-termo da radioquímica em Libras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27)
Porto, Joel Augusto Moura
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-0677
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9409058223705080
Radiochemistry, a branch of Chemistry focused on the interactions between ionizing radiation and matter, plays a critical role in understanding phenomena such as radioactivity, nuclear decay, and their applications in medicine, energy, and environmental science. Despite its importance, teaching Radiochemistry in Brazil faces significant challenges, particularly regarding accessibility for deaf students. This study aims to conduct a conceptual analysis of the terminological signs used in Radiochemistry in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), assessing how these signs are produced and interpreted within the deaf community. The research underscores the need for accessible and precise scientific communication, evaluating signs associated with concepts such as atoms, subatomic particles, radiation, and nuclear decay. Morphological and iconic analysis of these signs reveals variations in terms such as atom, proton, neutron, and radiation, which suggest potential conceptual misalignments that could impact scientific understanding. Certain representations, for instance, suggest rotational movement of the atomic nucleus or particles like protons and neutrons, which do not occur according to the Bohr atomic model. Radiation, on the other hand, is frequently linked with danger, potentially fostering a biased and negative perception of Radiochemistry. This study highlights the importance of clear and accurate communication and the need for critical evaluation of terminological signs to ensure both communicability and appropriate conceptual understanding in the technical-scientific field.
Aprendizado não supervisionado de métricas utilizando geometria diferencial e o algoritmo ISOMAP no agrupamento de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27)
Chavari, Gustavo Henrique
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Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5052034456499123
Unsupervised metric learning consists of constructing adaptive distance functions without knowledge of class labels and aims to improve both clustering and supervised pattern classification. Typically, this process can be performed by multiple manifold learning algorithms, through nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Recently, a new algorithm, known as K-ISOMAP, has been proposed for this purpose. It uses differential geometry-based measures to replace the Euclidean distance with measures based on local curvature in the ISOMAP method. This method uses concepts from differential geometry to construct an intrinsic distance function that measures the variations of local tangent spaces along edges in the k-NN graph, motivated by the Frenet-Serret equations and the notion of curvature. This work investigates the quality of the clustering obtained via GMM after mapping the data to lower-dimensional spaces. The results on several datasets suggest that the K-ISOMAP method can produce better clustering than those produced by the standard ISOMAP algorithm, being competitive with the state-of-the-art in metric and manifold learning.
Espaço geográfico do Povo Wauja no Parque Indígena do Xingu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27)
Waura, Kuhupi
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
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Wauja
The research aimed to record the memory of the Wauja people, focusing on their struggle to conquer and preserve their territory, located in the Xingu Park. To this end, an interview was conducted with members of the community, who shared their stories and challenges throughout this journey. The struggle of the Wauja people is part of a broader battle that involves all indigenous peoples, who continue to resist the threats of companies that seek to exploit their lands, deforestation, environmental contamination, and laws that aim to weaken or eliminate their rights to indigenous lands. The effort to defend indigenous territory and culture remains alive and necessary, to confront the attacks and increasing violence that these peoples face to guarantee their lands, where they can live and grow their food.
As transformações nas concepções de controle da Petrobras: 1997 A 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27)
Dias, Marcos Roberto
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Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2871927832334568
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https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5318-2935
This research investigates the transformations in the conceptions of control at Petrobras between 1997 and 2022. The concept of conception of control was developed by Neil Fligstein and is defined as totalizing worldviews that bias the perception of senior managers in organizations, guiding the forms of internal coordination and prevailing business strategies. These conceptions arise from internal power relations between organizational subunits and the professional profile of the individuals who concentrate power in the organization, which are decisively influenced by the relationship of the organization with its organizational field and with the State. In recent decades, a context of increasing financialization of global economies has driven the so-called conception of control of shareholder value. The work seeks to evaluate how this process has occurred at Petrobras, a mixed-capital company that is among the most important in Brazil. To this end, a qualitative and historical research is carried out seeking to understand the main transformations that the company has undergone since its IPO. The changes in corporate governance, the profile of managers and business strategies are investigated based on secondary data collected from the company's institutional documents and other sources. The analysis reveals that the company's capitalization via the market has gradually driven the implementation of the concept of shareholder value. This business model competes for hegemony with the concept of control associated with manufacturing, on the basis of which the company emerged and consolidated itself. While the advancement of the concept of shareholder value has permeated governments from different positions on the political spectrum, it is clear that right-wing governments have been decisive in advancing this process. The corruption scandals that the company has been through were leveraged by minority shareholders, triggering reforms in its corporate governance that served to expand its influence on management.
Prevalência da violência intrafamiliar contra adolescentes no Brasil antes, durante e após isolamento social da pandemia da Covid-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27)
Cordeiro, Regina Rigoletto
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Veloso, Milene Maria Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6105598873866312
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Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090
The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic exposed many adolescents to situations of vulnerability within their own homes, particularly regarding the risk of experiencing intrafamilial violence. The reduction in social interactions and the distancing from support networks, such as schools and health services, hindered the detection and reporting of violence cases, suggesting underreporting during the isolation period. In this context, it is deemed essential to analyze and compare notification data during these periods. Accordingly, this research aimed to analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial violence against adolescents in Brazil, covering the period from January 2018 to December 2022. This was a quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, and documentary study. The database used was the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), specifically analyzing data from seven states: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Ceará, Pará, Amazonas, and the Federal District. Through descriptive and correlation analyses, 65,809 notifications of violence against adolescents during the specified period were examined. The variables of interest included: Federative Unit (UF); victims' age; race/skin color; sex; type of violence; means of aggression; relationship between the victim and the perpetrator; location and zone of occurrence; and suspicion of alcohol use. The analyzed periods were subdivided into "pre social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic," "during isolation," and "post-isolation," enabling the assessment of the pandemic's impact on violence notifications against this group. The results indicated a reduction in notifications during isolation, followed by an increase in the post-isolation period. This pattern was observed among both girls and boys, although female victims were more prevalent. Age group analysis revealed that adolescents aged 13 and 14 were most affected by intrafamilial violence, highlighting increased vulnerability during this stage of adolescence. Similarly, data on ethnicity showed that Black and mixed race adolescents were disproportionately affected, with an increase in cases during social isolation. This finding underscores the existence of racial disparities in the incidence and reporting of violence, calling for an intersectional approach in prevention and protection policies. The study also found that physical violence was the most prevalent type, although it decreased during the isolation period, while sexual violence saw a significant increase. Moreover, the analysis of location and victim-perpetrator relationships revealed that most assaults occurred in domestic settings, with an increase in cases involving stepfathers and boyfriends during social isolation. Regarding states, Pará and Ceará experienced an increase in notifications during isolation, while Rio Grande do Sul showed a decline. These findings emphasize the importance of continuously monitoring violence against adolescents in Brazil and developing targeted interventions that consider variations in age, gender, ethnicity, and other vulnerability factors, particularly during catastrophic events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuation of this research is crucial to inform effective public policies aimed at preventing and mitigating the impacts of violence against adolescents, especially during crises and emergencies.
Uso da distribuição Weibull Inversa na análise de sobrevivência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27)
Barroso, Rodrigo Fernando Murça
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Cancho, Vicente Garibay
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503233632044163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7075640734234031
Survival analysis is widely used in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences to model and predict the time until the occurrence of events of interest. Although the Weibull distribution is commonly applied, its limitations in scenarios with a high probability of early failures and extreme events motivate the search for alternatives. This study investigates the Inverse Weibull (WI) distribution, describing its structural properties, including hazard, survival, and quantile functions. For uncensored data, inference techniques based on the maximum likelihood method are developed to estimate the parameters and the median time in the WI model. Additionally, hypothesis tests for the parameters of the WI model are applied and compared in terms of Type I error and power. The WI model is then extended to regression for censored data, with point and asymptotic inference methods applied to the parameters and median time in proportional hazards, proportional odds, and accelerated failure time models. This study expands the applications of the WI distribution in survival analysis and provides methodological foundations for its implementation in practical contexts, as all the proposed models were evaluated through simulation studies and applied to real datasets.
Caracterização funcional da E3 ubiquitina ligase LinfCRL1 de Leishmania infantum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-28)
Alves, Ellen Gomes
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Teixeira, Felipe Roberti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3568850159381693
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0251-2686
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3265761688273440
CRL-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are enzymatic complexes composed of four main proteins: SKP1, CUL1, RBX1, and an F-box protein, which binds to SKP1 through its F-box domain, recruiting substrates for ubiquitination. The ubiquitination process occurs in multiple steps and is highly regulated, involving three essential enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin ligases), which play a crucial role in recognizing and transferring ubiquitin to the target protein. This process ensures the regulation of target protein function and fate, directing them to the proteasome for degradation or modulating their functions. CRLs are the most studied class of E3 ligases in eukaryotes and are responsible for regulating various processes, including the cell cycle. In Leishmania parasites, this class of enzymes has not yet been described. In this study, we identified orthologous genes to human CRLs in L. infantum, showing conservation of interaction regions between the complex proteins. We generated knockout strains of L. infantum for the genes LINF_110018100 (LinfSKP1), LINF_21000530 (LinfRBX1), and LINF_240029100 (LinfCUL1) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The knockout of LinfCUL1 resulted in a viable strain but showed impaired promastigote proliferation and led to an accumulation of cells in the late S phase of the cell cycle, as evidenced by flow cytometry and EdU assays. Furthermore, LinfCUL1 knockout induced rosette formation in cell culture and significantly interfered with promastigote infectivity. Additionally, knockouts of LinfSKP1 and LinfRBX1 resulted in non-viable parasites, suggesting that these genes are potentially essential for the parasite. The add-back strain of LinfCUL1 restored the wild-type phenotype in terms of promastigote proliferation, which did not occur when a mutant LinfCUL1 (LinfCul1 DN), incapable of forming the LinfCRL1 complex, was used, confirming that the knockout effect is related to the function of the LinfCRL1 complex. Our results indicate that CRL genes are associated with cell cycle regulation, viability, and infectivity in L. infantum.
As implicações do Novo Ensino Médio para o ensino de Química e a metodologia CTSA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-28)
Carius, Luane Barbara Rissi
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Marques, Clelia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW HIGH SCHOOL FOR CHEMISTRY TEACHING AND THE CTSA METHODOLOGY. The New High School was mandatorily implemented in all education systems in 2022 and is included in the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Brazilian Education - LDB, which contains all the changes resulting from the High School Reform, aiming mainly at Youth Protagonism through the integral formation of the student - physical, cognitive and socio-emotional formation. Thus, given the relevance of this educational reform, this research aimed to analyze what were the implications in Chemistry Teaching after the adoption of the New High School in the different education systems - Public Full-Time School, Public Professional Technical School and Private School through the study of the changes contained in law 13.415/2017 and its similarities with the CTSA methodology and Freirean pedagogy. For this purpose, documentary research with content analysis, the researcher's field diary, semi-structured interviews with teachers and the application of a closed questionnaire with students in the second year of high school were used as data collection instruments. In the documentary research with content analysis, it was possible to include the assessment of official documents - LDB and BNCC (National Common Curricular Base) and the main changes resulting from law 13.415/2017. The field diary presents the researcher's reflections on the New High School, analyzing how this new model was implemented in the different education systems. In the semi-structured interview applied to the teachers, it was possible to analyze an overview of acceptance or not of the implementation of the New High School and its challenges. Finally, it was possible to discuss the students' perceptions about acceptance or rejection of the New High School through the results of the closed questionnaire, which analyzed the Youth Protagonism, Motivation, Teaching-Learning Process and Future Aims of these students, components present in the purposes of the New High School. Although the implementation of the New High School presents significant differences in the different education systems, this research showed that teachers and students presented similar and unfavorable perceptions of the new model, allowing a reflection on possible points that need changes to improve the quality of education.
Produção e caracterização de recobrimentos de ligas Ti-Nb-Mo depositados por pulverização magneto-catódica sobre aço inoxidável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-28)
Aquino, Bruno Barbosa de
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-031X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3833073340239738
With the increase in demand from the health sector for the production of more resistant and quality materials due to the increase in the population's longevity, new studies of implants and prostheses must emerge to meet this market need. Ti-6Al-4V alloys are widely used in this area, however these alloys can release ions with cytotoxic potential to the body. Stainless steels are also commonly used as implants and prosthetics; however, their mechanical properties of modulus of elasticity and hardness can be improved in biomedical applications. One possibility to meet these needs is the use of β-Ti (body-centered cubic – bcc phase) alloys in coatings, as they have high biocompatibility. The β phase can be obtained with the addition of alloying elements such as Nb and Mo. One way of obtaining metallic coatings is by means of the magnetron sputtering technique, which has been used in recent years to process thin films with broad potential for improving the surfaces in the biomaterials field. Therefore, the present study aims to produce Ti-Nb-Mo coatings on a 316L stainless steel substrate, via the magnetron sputtering technique. Mechanical characterizations by nanoindentation and chemical and structural analyses by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to carry out a performance evaluation of the coating.
Sistema baseado em Internet das Coisas para o rastreio aplicado à logística da cadeia de frio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-28)
Garcia, Alex Fabiano
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Souza, Wanderley Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742302894743620
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-4393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0058814394481744
This study describes the design, implementation, and validation of the System Based on the Internet of Things for Tracking Cold Chain Logistics (SBIdC-RALCF). The system aims to solve logistics challenges in remote areas by using IoT technologies to monitor and manage the conditions of perishable goods during transportation, ensuring their quality and safety. The proposed solution encompasses various sensor types and integrates multiple Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) providers to improve coverage. It aims to support decision-makers in public-private partnerships that leverage existing infrastructure and invest in cost-effective networks to address social issues in outlying regions. The study shows how antenna coverage simulation tools provide good accuracy compared to the effective distance of the gateways that receive the Long Range (LoRa) signal. Field tests in the Netherlands demonstrate the system's effectiveness in real-world scenarios, showing features such as GPS-free geolocation by multilateration, long-range communication, and the potential for applying our solution in other domains beyond cold chain logistics.
Análise da disponibilidade hídrica utilizando modelo de dinâmica de sistemas no município de Araraquara-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-28)
Galvão, Helton Alves de
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Costa, Daniel Jadyr Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5666440995767109
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-7986
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5875489947388906
Population growth and urbanization have brought more complex challenges to the management of cities and water resources. The frequency with which new water crises emerge shows that the problem is not exclusive to large urban agglomerations, nor to regions with historical scarcity problems. In Brazil, at the national level, the relationship between water availability and demand does not indicate scenarios of stress or scarcity, but when the issue is addressed at the regional or local level, there are scenarios that are more susceptible to this condition. This means that decision-making on water resources requires a better understanding of local and regional contexts, as well as the ability to estimate future water availability scenarios with a greater degree of certainty. In this way, this research aims to analyze water availability in the municipality of Araraquara-SP, considering a local approach to the relationship between demands and the dynamics of land use and occupation. To this end, a systematic literature review and documentary research on the study area were conducted, and a conceptual model using system dynamics was developed to analyze water availability in the community. The main relationships established in the model were based on the local water supply, variations in demand and type of water use, population growth, and variations in land use and occupation, both urban and rural. For the simulated scenarios, a progressive reduction in the rate of water loss in the urban supply system and a reduction in per capita demand in the urban area were considered as intervention measures for water availability. The results obtained were positive and demonstrated the viability of these actions to improve water availability in the municipality in the medium and long term. Finally, the feasibility of using system dynamics as a method for analyzing water availability in a local context and dynamic modeling as a management tool for analyzing water availability at the municipal level was verified.
O Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica e a Atenção Psicossocial: um estudo qualitativo com terapeutas ocupacionais do Sistema Único de Saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Albino, João Paulo Charles
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Marcolino, Taís Quevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7670311984994301
Psychosocial Care (PC) can be understood as a paradigm, field and public policy for collective mental health, actively guiding the Brazilian psychiatric reform. PC brings together a theoretical and practical framework to expand the concept of care beyond the remission of symptoms, integrating subjective and social dimensions through reception, bonding, singular therapeutic project (PTS), expanded clinic, harm reduction, intersectorality and territoriality. In Brazil, Occupational Therapy plays an active role in the transformation processes of the mental health field, composing multidisciplinary teams throughout the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS). In PC, the valorization of inter and transdisciplinary work and community actions for achieving autonomy and citizenship, on one side, places discussions on the clinic and the specific contributions of professional practices, such as that of occupational therapists, on the other side. Aimed at building specific theoretical and practical knowledge for Occupational Therapy, the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (DOTM) has been developed since the 1970s by Jô Benetton and collaborators. The DOTM has a theoretical-conceptual and methodological framework that allows occupational therapists the freedom to think and act creatively in different situations, considering the singularities of the target person and/or collectives amidst the dynamic movements of the triadic relationship (occupational therapist, target person and activities). The intervention processes supported by the DOTM are operationalized by the composition of the situational diagnosis, the management of the dynamic movements of the triadic relationship, the construction of new meanings through the analysis of activities and the expansion of health spaces, everyday life and social insertion. Objective: Seeking to discuss the possibilities of the occupational therapy clinic in Brazilian PC, this research explores and describes the relationship between the DOTM and PC in the context of public health. Methodology: This is an exploratory-descriptive research with a qualitative approach, which included 17 occupational therapists who work and/or have worked in RAPS facilities, with completed clinical specialization in DOTM, who answered an online questionnaire to identify sociodemographic, training and professional performance data with two narrative questions about the relationship between DOTM and PC. Ten of these professionals also participated in a semi-structured qualitative online interview. Numerical data were analyzed descriptively and by simple statistics, and narrative data received thematic analysis. Results: Most participants identified themselves as cisgender, white women, with a salary range between R$4,000.00 and R$8,000.00, and a weekly workload ranging from 31 to 40h, followed by 21 to 30h; with specialization in the field of mental health; and clinical training at DOTM between 2011 and 2020, followed by 2001 and 2010. The participants work/worked in various RAPS facilities, mainly in the State of São Paulo, with the participation of professionals from Ceará, Rio Grande do Sul, and Rio de Janeiro. The qualitative results cover four major themes: 1. Understanding PC and difficulties and challenges in everyday work at RAPS: between precariousness and resistance in sustaining care; 2. Occupational Therapy in PC, its contributions to RAPS, specific difficulties and challenges, and discussion about core and field; 3. DOTM and PC in epistemological and paradigmatic dialogues and contributions of DOTM to the operationalization of care in PC, theoretical-methodological support for core practice and strengthening of professional identity; 4. Difficulties and/or challenges between DOTM and PC, and the precariousness of RAPS. Final considerations: It was possible to deepen the debate on historical and epistemological relations through theoretical-methodological associations between concepts of PC and DOTM, such as conceptions of health and expanded clinical practice, PTS and situational diagnostic, harm reduction and the desire of the persons. Difficulties and distances identified reveal much more precariousness, absences, and/or deficiencies in public policies and their implementation. This research revealed how DOTM can favor the operationalization of PC objectives, highlighting the dynamism and flexibility of its applicability in different contexts. The findings highlight that DOTM promotes a non-dichotomous articulation between core and field practices, suggesting that a well-systematized core practice can expand, collaborate, and strengthen field practices without losing its identity.
Taxonomia e análise filogenética de Dilophus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Biobionidae, Bibioninae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Prado, Daniel de Castro Schelesky
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Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2130481063134330
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3046-5744
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Fusari, Lívia Maria
The Bibionidae family has approximately 700 extant species and more than 345 fossils. Known as “march flies” and “lovebugs”, their larvae feed on organic matter or living plant tissue, while adults can be important pollinators. The genus Dilophus Meigen is one of the most diverse within the family, with approximately 200 described species, 80 of which are found in the Neotropics, where Chile has the greatest diversity. This study aimed to fill gaps in the taxonomy and phylogeny of Dilophus, presenting redescriptions of four species, descriptions of two new species and an identification key for the Neotropical species, in addition to exploring their phylogenetic relationships using a broad sample of the taxon and other bibionids.
Sociedade de risco: possibilidades de articulação da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade com a educação técnica integrada ao ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
João, Plínio Gabriel
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Martinez, Vinício Carrilho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-0544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2410215634171249
This thesis aims to investigate the possibilities of articulation between Science, Technology and Society (STS) and Technical Education Integrated into High School (ETIM), considering the availability and capacity of teachers, aiming at the formation of critical and autonomous citizens in the risk society. Based on authors such as Beck and Giddens, the research explores the need to adapt to social complexity, analyzing the impact of digital technologies, the importance of ethics and organizational citizenship, and the challenges of education in the information age. The research addresses the dimensions of sustainability proposed by Sachs (2004) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Agenda, contextualizing them in the reality of ETIM. It examines educational reforms in High School, teacher training and the application of active methodologies, such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), to promote critical thinking and problem solving. The qualitative methodology, with elements of action research and ethnographic observation, includes an account of experience in technical schools, analyzing the reality of the classroom, the interactions between teachers and students, and the challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of STS. The research concludes that the integration of STS in ETIM is fundamental for the formation of conscious citizens engaged in building a more just and sustainable future, demanding investments in teacher training, infrastructure and adequate teaching materials.
Explorando a versatilidade dos fosfetos de níquel na redução eletroquímica de moléculas de interesse energético e ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Silva, Anelisse Brunca da
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Sales, Lucia Helena Mascaro
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7501104525654694
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-5352
This study investigates how the surface and bulk engineering of Ni−P catalysts, synthesized via electrodeposition, can optimize selectivity in the electroreduction reactions of H₂O/H⁺, NO3⁻, and the co-reduction of NO₃⁻ and CO₂. The influence of the Ni molar ratio in the deposition bath was analyzed to enhance the catalytic properties of nickel phosphide supported on Ni foam for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). The optimal Ni concentration resulted in electrodes with low overpotentials and high durability across different pH ranges, reaching 69, 165, and 56 mV at –10 mA cm⁻2 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic media, respectively. This performance was attributed to the granular structure, large surface area, and amorphous nature of the electrode—factors that favor interaction with the electrolyte and improve the HER kinetics, leading to a Tafel slope of 71 mV dec⁻1. XPS analyses confirmed the stability of the Ni−P bond, and the minimal potential variation observed in stability measurements demonstrated the robustness of the catalyst in neutral and alkaline electrolytes. To enable its application in the nitrate reduction reaction, the nickel phosphide film was deposited on carbon paper and functionalized with δ-FeOOH nanoplates. This modification led to the formation of CP/Ni−P/δ-FeOOH heterostructures, which exhibited high efficiency in nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, suppressing HER and promoting NO3⁻ adsorption. The heterostructure achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 98% ± 0.72 at -0.3 V vs. RHE, with an NH₃ production rate of 8.49 mg h⁻1 cm⁻2. Stability was maintained over 12 consecutive cycles, even with the use of a green, non-toxic binder, preserving the surface modification. δ-FeOOH stabilized intermediates through hydrogen bonding with -OH groups in its structure, controlling the formation of Hads and promoting the selective hydrogenation of NO₃⁻ intermediates. Simultaneously, the incorporation of tin (Sn) into nickel phosphide proved to be a strategic approach for the co-reduction of CO2 and NO3⁻, redirecting selectivity toward carbon monoxide production while suppressing competitive HER. The addition of Sn led to the formation of deposits composed of cubic nanoparticles of nickel and tin phosphides, also favoring urea synthesis, with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 62%. The synergy between Sn and Ni active sites enabled the simultaneous activation of CO2 and NO3⁻, facilitating intermediate coupling. This study highlights the great potential of modified nickel phosphides for catalytic applications, contributing to the sustainable production of high-value-added products such as urea, ammonia, and H2 from abundant molecules.
Associação do pico de fluxo da tosse e pressões respiratórias máximas no sucesso da extubação: revisão sistemática e metanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Sousa, Lílian Rocha de
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Jamami, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0443836082396813
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is crucial for patients with acute respiratory failure, and its prolonged use can lead to complications. The weaning and extubation process should occur as soon as possible, because when there is failure, there is an increase in cost and mortality. Respiratory muscle weakness is associated with prolonged IMV, which makes respiratory muscle strength and cough effectiveness important factors to be considered in extubation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and cough peak flow measures (CPF) to predict the outcomes of extubation. To conduct a systematic review of the literature, to investigate whether respiratory muscle strength is related to CPF measures, and whether these are predictive together or alone, in the outcome of extubation. The search covered the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS. The metaphor package was used in the statistical software R Project 3.6.2 to conduct a meta-analysis with fixed and random effects. The variables of interest were analyzed separately, obtaining a forest plot for each variable, where it was possible to observe its influence on the CPF. The residual heterogeneity between the studies was measured by tau² and the proportion of variability was defined by Higgins' I² statistic. The search strategy identified 1167 articles and after the selection of the studies, 3 articles were included in this review. It was observed that the variables age, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) did not significantly influence the CPF of those individuals who were successful in extubation. The variables respiratory muscle strength and CPF were not significantly related to each other, nor together, in the extubation outcome. The CPF, by itself, is able to predict success in extubation. The analyzes indicate the need for more studies to improve the accuracy of the estimates and understand the factors that influence the success of extubation in patients on mechanical ventilation.
A construção de uma metodologia de delimitação de áreas de influência em Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança com o uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Inguaggiato, Felipe Facci
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Stanganini, Fábio Noel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395
he Neighborhood Impact Study (EIV), included in the City Statute (Law No. 10.257/2001), is an instrument aimed at identifying the positive and negative impacts of developments with the potential to cause disturbances in urban areas, as well as proposing mitigating measures. Nearly 20 years after the promulgation of Articles 36, 37, and 38, many issues related to this instrument remain unresolved. One of these issues is the delineation of the area of influence of such developments, which is hindered by the lack of a clear methodology and technical criteria that adequately address the physical, economic, and territorial characteristics of each locality. This challenge arises both from the absence of legislation that objectively defines how this delineation should be carried out and from the lack of criteria to guide these parameters. The latter is further complicated by the high cost of using geoprocessing tools for mapping, as these tools rely on data collected from flights conducted by small aircraft, significantly increasing the cost of acquiring images. Additionally, the detailed scale required to characterize these areas necessitates highly accurate cartographic elements that faithfully represent reality. In this context, the emergence of new technology embedded in Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), such as cameras with high spatial resolution, has proven to be a low cost, high-quality, and highly productive alternative, accessible for the characterization and delineation of EIV influence areas. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to develop a methodology for delineating the areas of influence for EIVs using geoprocessing tools. The study focuses on a vertical development located in the municipality of Araraquara, in the state of São Paulo, which is subject to an EIV, as stipulated in Article 37 of Law No. 10.257/2001. The methodology is based on three stages: exploratory analysis, involving national and international research and bibliographic reviews; descriptive analysis, including the characterization of the study area, the review of existing municipal legislation, and aerial photogrammetric surveys of the area using RPAs; and analytical analysis, which seeks to discuss the relationships among the previous stages, in addition to constructing cartographic databases and developing a methodology for delineating influence areas for developments subject to an EIV. This methodology incorporates the aspects mentioned in Article 37 of the City Statute, addressing the area of influence of developments. As a result, a method was developed to delineate the influence area of the selected development, taking into account all legislative elements and resulting in a matrix of influence levels. This matrix evaluates the degree of impact, ranging from zero to seven, using geoprocessing tools. In conclusion, the proposed method is effective, applicable, and can be adopted by public authorities, private developers, and as a resource to promote the democratization of technical instruments outlined in the City Statute.
Identificando dispersores-chave e as consequências de sua perda para a dispersão de sementes no Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Campagnoli, Mariana Lopes
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Peralta, Guadalupe
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-791X
Seed dispersal is a crucial ecological function influencing the persistence and maintenance of plant populations and communities and depending mostly on frugivorous animals to happen. In the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna, ongoing anthropic pressures associated with land use changes impact frugivore populations, consequently disrupting the seed dispersal services they provide. Identifying plant-frugivore characteristics driving seed dispersal success and understanding how frugivore losses may affect seed dispersal services, can help guide conservation efforts to preserve species interactions and seed dispersal function in the Cerrado. However, to quantify the success of seed dispersal provided by frugivores, we need to include other aspects besides plant-frugivore interaction frequencies. For instance, the number of seeds dispersed, and the probability of each dispersed seed being recruited as a new individual in the population are not considered in most studies. The main goal of this thesis was to understand which plant-frugivore characteristics (at the community- and individuallevels) make interacting partners to be potentially more efficient to seed dispersal, and to understand which potential consequences their losses can bring to seed dispersal in the Cerrado. We recorded interactions using focal observations in plots, videos from camera traps, and birds captured with mist nets. We used seed dispersal effectiveness to estimate seed dispersal success by multiplying interaction frequencies, the number of seeds dispersed per visit and the probability of seeds germinating after interactions. We concluded that frugivore species vary in the number of seeds dispersed per visit, and in the probability of seed germination they provide, highlighting them as important aspects to be incorporated when quantifying frugivore contributions to seed dispersal. Furthermore, we identified that the most abundant plantfrugivore species with highest overlaps in their phenologies had the highest values of seed dispersal effectiveness. We highlight the importance of evaluating the quality of seed dispersal at the individual-level, as well as at the species-level, by detecting that Turdus leucomelas individuals had different contributions to the quality of seed dispersal of Miconia rubiginosa (a key-plant species in the Cerrado). We detected considerable losses in seed dispersal function after the extinction of large-bodied and generalist frugivore species, and after declines in frugivore abundances overall, highlighting the importance of keeping stable populations of frugivores in the Cerrado. Future studies will be crucial to understand the effects of climate change on plant-animal phenology, and its potential cascading effects to seed dispersal. Also, we urgently need studies that include seed deposition patterns and seed dispersal distances as measures of seed dispersal quality, to further understand the role of frugivores in the Cerrado. At last, minimizing the main threats progressing through the Cerrado will be crucial to maintain stable populations of frugivores, as well as the services of seed dispersal and regeneration of plant populations and communities they provide.
Gradualidade e dependência de perspectiva nos adjetivos do português brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Marques, Marina Nishimoto
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Basso, Renato Miguel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-0365
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6111738798525760
Among the adjectives we find in the natural languages, there are those which predicate binary properties from the objects that are characterised by them (e.g. ‘federal’), and also those which relate said objects to (a degree in) a scale (e.g. ‘tall’) – the latter are the scalar adjectives. Among the scalar adjectives, we can find those who are related to objectively measurable scales in the world (such as ‘tall’), and those that must be relativised to the perspective of a speaker in order to be semantically interpreted (such as ‘beautiful’). This relativisation is necessary because these items talk about properties that vary in their distribution depending on the speaker (or on the individual that judges the sentence). Scalar adjectives that are dependent on perspective are this work’s focus, and will be called ‘subjective (scalar) adjectives’. In this thesis, we investigate some properties that differentiate those items from non-subjective scalar adjectives (especially perspective dependence and scalar variation which is not objectively measurable). Based on data from Brazilian Portuguese (BP), we determine what types of adjectives fit in the group of the subjective adjectives. Furthermore, we show how the peculiarities of the subjective adjectives make their behaviour different from other items when they find themselves in environments of comparison and scalar modification.
Inteligência artificial aplicada à preparação e aplicação de insertos de metal duro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-30)
Sinzato, Mateus Keniti Nakashima
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Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-0416
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Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho
Grinding is an abrasive process often employed in finishing operations due to the possibility of obtaining narrow dimensional and geometric tolerances, besides low surface roughness. Besides hardened steels, that usually undergo finishing operations with grinding wheels, other materials may also be ground, like cermets: composites with ceramic particles and metallic matrix. Popularly known as hard metals, these materials mainly constituted by tungsten carbides and cobalt have wide application as machining tools. In this case, grinding is one among several abrasive processes that can be applied to the preparation of cutting edges; but it is verified a lack of publications on this purpose when related to the artificial intelligence, although their increasing number in the last few years. This work proposes to apply artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms as an optimization tool for carbide inserts grinding considering cutting speed, feed rate and radial depth of cut as input factors and geometric features of the products, such as surface roughness (Ra e Rz), as response outputs. Besides, as a complementar study, the IA application on the optimization of the straight turning was studied, using tools with two-chamfer cutting edges produced by grinding, which were evaluated the feed rate, tool nose radius and form factor (K), and their influences over the roughness Ra e Rz and residual stress generated on the 4142 alloy steel. A preliminary model was developed using the Taguchi methodology in addition to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to complement the methodology; afterwards, it was developed optimization models using artificial Neuro-Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The results demonstrated that the ANN model presented better prediction capability compared to the ANFIS model, obtaining higher capacities of becoming an optimization tool.