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Prevalência da violência intrafamiliar contra adolescentes no Brasil antes, durante e após isolamento social da pandemia da Covid-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27) Cordeiro, Regina Rigoletto; Veloso, Milene Maria Xavier; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6105598873866312; Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6149689451377147
The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic exposed many adolescents to situations of vulnerability within their own homes, particularly regarding the risk of experiencing intrafamilial violence. The reduction in social interactions and the distancing from support networks, such as schools and health services, hindered the detection and reporting of violence cases, suggesting underreporting during the isolation period. In this context, it is deemed essential to analyze and compare notification data during these periods. Accordingly, this research aimed to analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial violence against adolescents in Brazil, covering the period from January 2018 to December 2022. This was a quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, and documentary study. The database used was the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), specifically analyzing data from seven states: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Ceará, Pará, Amazonas, and the Federal District. Through descriptive and correlation analyses, 65,809 notifications of violence against adolescents during the specified period were examined. The variables of interest included: Federative Unit (UF); victims' age; race/skin color; sex; type of violence; means of aggression; relationship between the victim and the perpetrator; location and zone of occurrence; and suspicion of alcohol use. The analyzed periods were subdivided into "pre social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic," "during isolation," and "post-isolation," enabling the assessment of the pandemic's impact on violence notifications against this group. The results indicated a reduction in notifications during isolation, followed by an increase in the post-isolation period. This pattern was observed among both girls and boys, although female victims were more prevalent. Age group analysis revealed that adolescents aged 13 and 14 were most affected by intrafamilial violence, highlighting increased vulnerability during this stage of adolescence. Similarly, data on ethnicity showed that Black and mixed race adolescents were disproportionately affected, with an increase in cases during social isolation. This finding underscores the existence of racial disparities in the incidence and reporting of violence, calling for an intersectional approach in prevention and protection policies. The study also found that physical violence was the most prevalent type, although it decreased during the isolation period, while sexual violence saw a significant increase. Moreover, the analysis of location and victim-perpetrator relationships revealed that most assaults occurred in domestic settings, with an increase in cases involving stepfathers and boyfriends during social isolation. Regarding states, Pará and Ceará experienced an increase in notifications during isolation, while Rio Grande do Sul showed a decline. These findings emphasize the importance of continuously monitoring violence against adolescents in Brazil and developing targeted interventions that consider variations in age, gender, ethnicity, and other vulnerability factors, particularly during catastrophic events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuation of this research is crucial to inform effective public policies aimed at preventing and mitigating the impacts of violence against adolescents, especially during crises and emergencies.
Espaço geográfico do Povo Wauja no Parque Indígena do Xingu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27) Waura, Kuhupi; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104; Wauja
The research aimed to record the memory of the Wauja people, focusing on their struggle to conquer and preserve their territory, located in the Xingu Park. To this end, an interview was conducted with members of the community, who shared their stories and challenges throughout this journey. The struggle of the Wauja people is part of a broader battle that involves all indigenous peoples, who continue to resist the threats of companies that seek to exploit their lands, deforestation, environmental contamination, and laws that aim to weaken or eliminate their rights to indigenous lands. The effort to defend indigenous territory and culture remains alive and necessary, to confront the attacks and increasing violence that these peoples face to guarantee their lands, where they can live and grow their food.
As transformações nas concepções de controle da Petrobras: 1997 A 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27) Dias, Marcos Roberto; Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2871927832334568; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5318-2935
This research investigates the transformations in the conceptions of control at Petrobras between 1997 and 2022. The concept of conception of control was developed by Neil Fligstein and is defined as totalizing worldviews that bias the perception of senior managers in organizations, guiding the forms of internal coordination and prevailing business strategies. These conceptions arise from internal power relations between organizational subunits and the professional profile of the individuals who concentrate power in the organization, which are decisively influenced by the relationship of the organization with its organizational field and with the State. In recent decades, a context of increasing financialization of global economies has driven the so-called conception of control of shareholder value. The work seeks to evaluate how this process has occurred at Petrobras, a mixed-capital company that is among the most important in Brazil. To this end, a qualitative and historical research is carried out seeking to understand the main transformations that the company has undergone since its IPO. The changes in corporate governance, the profile of managers and business strategies are investigated based on secondary data collected from the company's institutional documents and other sources. The analysis reveals that the company's capitalization via the market has gradually driven the implementation of the concept of shareholder value. This business model competes for hegemony with the concept of control associated with manufacturing, on the basis of which the company emerged and consolidated itself. While the advancement of the concept of shareholder value has permeated governments from different positions on the political spectrum, it is clear that right-wing governments have been decisive in advancing this process. The corruption scandals that the company has been through were leveraged by minority shareholders, triggering reforms in its corporate governance that served to expand its influence on management.
Uso da distribuição Weibull Inversa na análise de sobrevivência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27) Barroso, Rodrigo Fernando Murça; Cancho, Vicente Garibay; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503233632044163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7075640734234031
Survival analysis is widely used in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences to model and predict the time until the occurrence of events of interest. Although the Weibull distribution is commonly applied, its limitations in scenarios with a high probability of early failures and extreme events motivate the search for alternatives. This study investigates the Inverse Weibull (WI) distribution, describing its structural properties, including hazard, survival, and quantile functions. For uncensored data, inference techniques based on the maximum likelihood method are developed to estimate the parameters and the median time in the WI model. Additionally, hypothesis tests for the parameters of the WI model are applied and compared in terms of Type I error and power. The WI model is then extended to regression for censored data, with point and asymptotic inference methods applied to the parameters and median time in proportional hazards, proportional odds, and accelerated failure time models. This study expands the applications of the WI distribution in survival analysis and provides methodological foundations for its implementation in practical contexts, as all the proposed models were evaluated through simulation studies and applied to real datasets.
Aprendizado não supervisionado de métricas utilizando geometria diferencial e o algoritmo ISOMAP no agrupamento de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27) Chavari, Gustavo Henrique; Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5052034456499123
Unsupervised metric learning consists of constructing adaptive distance functions without knowledge of class labels and aims to improve both clustering and supervised pattern classification. Typically, this process can be performed by multiple manifold learning algorithms, through nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Recently, a new algorithm, known as K-ISOMAP, has been proposed for this purpose. It uses differential geometry-based measures to replace the Euclidean distance with measures based on local curvature in the ISOMAP method. This method uses concepts from differential geometry to construct an intrinsic distance function that measures the variations of local tangent spaces along edges in the k-NN graph, motivated by the Frenet-Serret equations and the notion of curvature. This work investigates the quality of the clustering obtained via GMM after mapping the data to lower-dimensional spaces. The results on several datasets suggest that the K-ISOMAP method can produce better clustering than those produced by the standard ISOMAP algorithm, being competitive with the state-of-the-art in metric and manifold learning.
Estudo conceitual dos sinais-termo da radioquímica em Libras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-27) Porto, Joel Augusto Moura; Lupetti, Karina Omuro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-0677; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9409058223705080; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-1403
Radiochemistry, a branch of Chemistry focused on the interactions between ionizing radiation and matter, plays a critical role in understanding phenomena such as radioactivity, nuclear decay, and their applications in medicine, energy, and environmental science. Despite its importance, teaching Radiochemistry in Brazil faces significant challenges, particularly regarding accessibility for deaf students. This study aims to conduct a conceptual analysis of the terminological signs used in Radiochemistry in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), assessing how these signs are produced and interpreted within the deaf community. The research underscores the need for accessible and precise scientific communication, evaluating signs associated with concepts such as atoms, subatomic particles, radiation, and nuclear decay. Morphological and iconic analysis of these signs reveals variations in terms such as atom, proton, neutron, and radiation, which suggest potential conceptual misalignments that could impact scientific understanding. Certain representations, for instance, suggest rotational movement of the atomic nucleus or particles like protons and neutrons, which do not occur according to the Bohr atomic model. Radiation, on the other hand, is frequently linked with danger, potentially fostering a biased and negative perception of Radiochemistry. This study highlights the importance of clear and accurate communication and the need for critical evaluation of terminological signs to ensure both communicability and appropriate conceptual understanding in the technical-scientific field.