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Sociedade de risco: possibilidades de articulação da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade com a educação técnica integrada ao ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) João, Plínio Gabriel; Martinez, Vinício Carrilho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-0544; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2410215634171249; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-2106
This thesis aims to investigate the possibilities of articulation between Science, Technology and Society (STS) and Technical Education Integrated into High School (ETIM), considering the availability and capacity of teachers, aiming at the formation of critical and autonomous citizens in the risk society. Based on authors such as Beck and Giddens, the research explores the need to adapt to social complexity, analyzing the impact of digital technologies, the importance of ethics and organizational citizenship, and the challenges of education in the information age. The research addresses the dimensions of sustainability proposed by Sachs (2004) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Agenda, contextualizing them in the reality of ETIM. It examines educational reforms in High School, teacher training and the application of active methodologies, such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), to promote critical thinking and problem solving. The qualitative methodology, with elements of action research and ethnographic observation, includes an account of experience in technical schools, analyzing the reality of the classroom, the interactions between teachers and students, and the challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of STS. The research concludes that the integration of STS in ETIM is fundamental for the formation of conscious citizens engaged in building a more just and sustainable future, demanding investments in teacher training, infrastructure and adequate teaching materials.
Explorando a versatilidade dos fosfetos de níquel na redução eletroquímica de moléculas de interesse energético e ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) Silva, Anelisse Brunca da; Sales, Lucia Helena Mascaro; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7501104525654694; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-5352
This study investigates how the surface and bulk engineering of Ni−P catalysts, synthesized via electrodeposition, can optimize selectivity in the electroreduction reactions of H₂O/H⁺, NO3⁻, and the co-reduction of NO₃⁻ and CO₂. The influence of the Ni molar ratio in the deposition bath was analyzed to enhance the catalytic properties of nickel phosphide supported on Ni foam for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). The optimal Ni concentration resulted in electrodes with low overpotentials and high durability across different pH ranges, reaching 69, 165, and 56 mV at –10 mA cm⁻2 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic media, respectively. This performance was attributed to the granular structure, large surface area, and amorphous nature of the electrode—factors that favor interaction with the electrolyte and improve the HER kinetics, leading to a Tafel slope of 71 mV dec⁻1. XPS analyses confirmed the stability of the Ni−P bond, and the minimal potential variation observed in stability measurements demonstrated the robustness of the catalyst in neutral and alkaline electrolytes. To enable its application in the nitrate reduction reaction, the nickel phosphide film was deposited on carbon paper and functionalized with δ-FeOOH nanoplates. This modification led to the formation of CP/Ni−P/δ-FeOOH heterostructures, which exhibited high efficiency in nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, suppressing HER and promoting NO3⁻ adsorption. The heterostructure achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 98% ± 0.72 at -0.3 V vs. RHE, with an NH₃ production rate of 8.49 mg h⁻1 cm⁻2. Stability was maintained over 12 consecutive cycles, even with the use of a green, non-toxic binder, preserving the surface modification. δ-FeOOH stabilized intermediates through hydrogen bonding with -OH groups in its structure, controlling the formation of Hads and promoting the selective hydrogenation of NO₃⁻ intermediates. Simultaneously, the incorporation of tin (Sn) into nickel phosphide proved to be a strategic approach for the co-reduction of CO2 and NO3⁻, redirecting selectivity toward carbon monoxide production while suppressing competitive HER. The addition of Sn led to the formation of deposits composed of cubic nanoparticles of nickel and tin phosphides, also favoring urea synthesis, with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 62%. The synergy between Sn and Ni active sites enabled the simultaneous activation of CO2 and NO3⁻, facilitating intermediate coupling. This study highlights the great potential of modified nickel phosphides for catalytic applications, contributing to the sustainable production of high-value-added products such as urea, ammonia, and H2 from abundant molecules.
Associação do pico de fluxo da tosse e pressões respiratórias máximas no sucesso da extubação: revisão sistemática e metanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) Sousa, Lílian Rocha de; Jamami, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0443836082396813
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is crucial for patients with acute respiratory failure, and its prolonged use can lead to complications. The weaning and extubation process should occur as soon as possible, because when there is failure, there is an increase in cost and mortality. Respiratory muscle weakness is associated with prolonged IMV, which makes respiratory muscle strength and cough effectiveness important factors to be considered in extubation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and cough peak flow measures (CPF) to predict the outcomes of extubation. To conduct a systematic review of the literature, to investigate whether respiratory muscle strength is related to CPF measures, and whether these are predictive together or alone, in the outcome of extubation. The search covered the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS. The metaphor package was used in the statistical software R Project 3.6.2 to conduct a meta-analysis with fixed and random effects. The variables of interest were analyzed separately, obtaining a forest plot for each variable, where it was possible to observe its influence on the CPF. The residual heterogeneity between the studies was measured by tau² and the proportion of variability was defined by Higgins' I² statistic. The search strategy identified 1167 articles and after the selection of the studies, 3 articles were included in this review. It was observed that the variables age, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) did not significantly influence the CPF of those individuals who were successful in extubation. The variables respiratory muscle strength and CPF were not significantly related to each other, nor together, in the extubation outcome. The CPF, by itself, is able to predict success in extubation. The analyzes indicate the need for more studies to improve the accuracy of the estimates and understand the factors that influence the success of extubation in patients on mechanical ventilation.
Gradualidade e dependência de perspectiva nos adjetivos do português brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) Marques, Marina Nishimoto; Basso, Renato Miguel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-0365; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6111738798525760; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-2170
Among the adjectives we find in the natural languages, there are those which predicate binary properties from the objects that are characterised by them (e.g. ‘federal’), and also those which relate said objects to (a degree in) a scale (e.g. ‘tall’) – the latter are the scalar adjectives. Among the scalar adjectives, we can find those who are related to objectively measurable scales in the world (such as ‘tall’), and those that must be relativised to the perspective of a speaker in order to be semantically interpreted (such as ‘beautiful’). This relativisation is necessary because these items talk about properties that vary in their distribution depending on the speaker (or on the individual that judges the sentence). Scalar adjectives that are dependent on perspective are this work’s focus, and will be called ‘subjective (scalar) adjectives’. In this thesis, we investigate some properties that differentiate those items from non-subjective scalar adjectives (especially perspective dependence and scalar variation which is not objectively measurable). Based on data from Brazilian Portuguese (BP), we determine what types of adjectives fit in the group of the subjective adjectives. Furthermore, we show how the peculiarities of the subjective adjectives make their behaviour different from other items when they find themselves in environments of comparison and scalar modification.
O Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica e a Atenção Psicossocial: um estudo qualitativo com terapeutas ocupacionais do Sistema Único de Saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) Albino, João Paulo Charles; Marcolino, Taís Quevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7670311984994301; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-8541
Psychosocial Care (PC) can be understood as a paradigm, field and public policy for collective mental health, actively guiding the Brazilian psychiatric reform. PC brings together a theoretical and practical framework to expand the concept of care beyond the remission of symptoms, integrating subjective and social dimensions through reception, bonding, singular therapeutic project (PTS), expanded clinic, harm reduction, intersectorality and territoriality. In Brazil, Occupational Therapy plays an active role in the transformation processes of the mental health field, composing multidisciplinary teams throughout the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS). In PC, the valorization of inter and transdisciplinary work and community actions for achieving autonomy and citizenship, on one side, places discussions on the clinic and the specific contributions of professional practices, such as that of occupational therapists, on the other side. Aimed at building specific theoretical and practical knowledge for Occupational Therapy, the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (DOTM) has been developed since the 1970s by Jô Benetton and collaborators. The DOTM has a theoretical-conceptual and methodological framework that allows occupational therapists the freedom to think and act creatively in different situations, considering the singularities of the target person and/or collectives amidst the dynamic movements of the triadic relationship (occupational therapist, target person and activities). The intervention processes supported by the DOTM are operationalized by the composition of the situational diagnosis, the management of the dynamic movements of the triadic relationship, the construction of new meanings through the analysis of activities and the expansion of health spaces, everyday life and social insertion. Objective: Seeking to discuss the possibilities of the occupational therapy clinic in Brazilian PC, this research explores and describes the relationship between the DOTM and PC in the context of public health. Methodology: This is an exploratory-descriptive research with a qualitative approach, which included 17 occupational therapists who work and/or have worked in RAPS facilities, with completed clinical specialization in DOTM, who answered an online questionnaire to identify sociodemographic, training and professional performance data with two narrative questions about the relationship between DOTM and PC. Ten of these professionals also participated in a semi-structured qualitative online interview. Numerical data were analyzed descriptively and by simple statistics, and narrative data received thematic analysis. Results: Most participants identified themselves as cisgender, white women, with a salary range between R$4,000.00 and R$8,000.00, and a weekly workload ranging from 31 to 40h, followed by 21 to 30h; with specialization in the field of mental health; and clinical training at DOTM between 2011 and 2020, followed by 2001 and 2010. The participants work/worked in various RAPS facilities, mainly in the State of São Paulo, with the participation of professionals from Ceará, Rio Grande do Sul, and Rio de Janeiro. The qualitative results cover four major themes: 1. Understanding PC and difficulties and challenges in everyday work at RAPS: between precariousness and resistance in sustaining care; 2. Occupational Therapy in PC, its contributions to RAPS, specific difficulties and challenges, and discussion about core and field; 3. DOTM and PC in epistemological and paradigmatic dialogues and contributions of DOTM to the operationalization of care in PC, theoretical-methodological support for core practice and strengthening of professional identity; 4. Difficulties and/or challenges between DOTM and PC, and the precariousness of RAPS. Final considerations: It was possible to deepen the debate on historical and epistemological relations through theoretical-methodological associations between concepts of PC and DOTM, such as conceptions of health and expanded clinical practice, PTS and situational diagnostic, harm reduction and the desire of the persons. Difficulties and distances identified reveal much more precariousness, absences, and/or deficiencies in public policies and their implementation. This research revealed how DOTM can favor the operationalization of PC objectives, highlighting the dynamism and flexibility of its applicability in different contexts. The findings highlight that DOTM promotes a non-dichotomous articulation between core and field practices, suggesting that a well-systematized core practice can expand, collaborate, and strengthen field practices without losing its identity.
A construção de uma metodologia de delimitação de áreas de influência em Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança com o uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) Inguaggiato, Felipe Facci; Stanganini, Fábio Noel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6491589473495884; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-4865
he Neighborhood Impact Study (EIV), included in the City Statute (Law No. 10.257/2001), is an instrument aimed at identifying the positive and negative impacts of developments with the potential to cause disturbances in urban areas, as well as proposing mitigating measures. Nearly 20 years after the promulgation of Articles 36, 37, and 38, many issues related to this instrument remain unresolved. One of these issues is the delineation of the area of influence of such developments, which is hindered by the lack of a clear methodology and technical criteria that adequately address the physical, economic, and territorial characteristics of each locality. This challenge arises both from the absence of legislation that objectively defines how this delineation should be carried out and from the lack of criteria to guide these parameters. The latter is further complicated by the high cost of using geoprocessing tools for mapping, as these tools rely on data collected from flights conducted by small aircraft, significantly increasing the cost of acquiring images. Additionally, the detailed scale required to characterize these areas necessitates highly accurate cartographic elements that faithfully represent reality. In this context, the emergence of new technology embedded in Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), such as cameras with high spatial resolution, has proven to be a low cost, high-quality, and highly productive alternative, accessible for the characterization and delineation of EIV influence areas. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to develop a methodology for delineating the areas of influence for EIVs using geoprocessing tools. The study focuses on a vertical development located in the municipality of Araraquara, in the state of São Paulo, which is subject to an EIV, as stipulated in Article 37 of Law No. 10.257/2001. The methodology is based on three stages: exploratory analysis, involving national and international research and bibliographic reviews; descriptive analysis, including the characterization of the study area, the review of existing municipal legislation, and aerial photogrammetric surveys of the area using RPAs; and analytical analysis, which seeks to discuss the relationships among the previous stages, in addition to constructing cartographic databases and developing a methodology for delineating influence areas for developments subject to an EIV. This methodology incorporates the aspects mentioned in Article 37 of the City Statute, addressing the area of influence of developments. As a result, a method was developed to delineate the influence area of the selected development, taking into account all legislative elements and resulting in a matrix of influence levels. This matrix evaluates the degree of impact, ranging from zero to seven, using geoprocessing tools. In conclusion, the proposed method is effective, applicable, and can be adopted by public authorities, private developers, and as a resource to promote the democratization of technical instruments outlined in the City Statute.
Identificando dispersores-chave e as consequências de sua perda para a dispersão de sementes no Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) Campagnoli, Mariana Lopes; Peralta, Guadalupe; Christianini, Alexander Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-791X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3362063541391455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-871X
Seed dispersal is a crucial ecological function influencing the persistence and maintenance of plant populations and communities and depending mostly on frugivorous animals to happen. In the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna, ongoing anthropic pressures associated with land use changes impact frugivore populations, consequently disrupting the seed dispersal services they provide. Identifying plant-frugivore characteristics driving seed dispersal success and understanding how frugivore losses may affect seed dispersal services, can help guide conservation efforts to preserve species interactions and seed dispersal function in the Cerrado. However, to quantify the success of seed dispersal provided by frugivores, we need to include other aspects besides plant-frugivore interaction frequencies. For instance, the number of seeds dispersed, and the probability of each dispersed seed being recruited as a new individual in the population are not considered in most studies. The main goal of this thesis was to understand which plant-frugivore characteristics (at the community- and individuallevels) make interacting partners to be potentially more efficient to seed dispersal, and to understand which potential consequences their losses can bring to seed dispersal in the Cerrado. We recorded interactions using focal observations in plots, videos from camera traps, and birds captured with mist nets. We used seed dispersal effectiveness to estimate seed dispersal success by multiplying interaction frequencies, the number of seeds dispersed per visit and the probability of seeds germinating after interactions. We concluded that frugivore species vary in the number of seeds dispersed per visit, and in the probability of seed germination they provide, highlighting them as important aspects to be incorporated when quantifying frugivore contributions to seed dispersal. Furthermore, we identified that the most abundant plantfrugivore species with highest overlaps in their phenologies had the highest values of seed dispersal effectiveness. We highlight the importance of evaluating the quality of seed dispersal at the individual-level, as well as at the species-level, by detecting that Turdus leucomelas individuals had different contributions to the quality of seed dispersal of Miconia rubiginosa (a key-plant species in the Cerrado). We detected considerable losses in seed dispersal function after the extinction of large-bodied and generalist frugivore species, and after declines in frugivore abundances overall, highlighting the importance of keeping stable populations of frugivores in the Cerrado. Future studies will be crucial to understand the effects of climate change on plant-animal phenology, and its potential cascading effects to seed dispersal. Also, we urgently need studies that include seed deposition patterns and seed dispersal distances as measures of seed dispersal quality, to further understand the role of frugivores in the Cerrado. At last, minimizing the main threats progressing through the Cerrado will be crucial to maintain stable populations of frugivores, as well as the services of seed dispersal and regeneration of plant populations and communities they provide.
Taxonomia e análise filogenética de Dilophus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Biobionidae, Bibioninae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29) Prado, Daniel de Castro Schelesky; Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2130481063134330; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3046-5744; Fusari, Lívia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4951378712238107; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-2785; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7432174883482476; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-3749
The Bibionidae family has approximately 700 extant species and more than 345 fossils. Known as “march flies” and “lovebugs”, their larvae feed on organic matter or living plant tissue, while adults can be important pollinators. The genus Dilophus Meigen is one of the most diverse within the family, with approximately 200 described species, 80 of which are found in the Neotropics, where Chile has the greatest diversity. This study aimed to fill gaps in the taxonomy and phylogeny of Dilophus, presenting redescriptions of four species, descriptions of two new species and an identification key for the Neotropical species, in addition to exploring their phylogenetic relationships using a broad sample of the taxon and other bibionids.