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O Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica e a Atenção Psicossocial: um estudo qualitativo com terapeutas ocupacionais do Sistema Único de Saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Albino, João Paulo Charles
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Marcolino, Taís Quevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7670311984994301
Psychosocial Care (PC) can be understood as a paradigm, field and public policy for collective mental health, actively guiding the Brazilian psychiatric reform. PC brings together a theoretical and practical framework to expand the concept of care beyond the remission of symptoms, integrating subjective and social dimensions through reception, bonding, singular therapeutic project (PTS), expanded clinic, harm reduction, intersectorality and territoriality. In Brazil, Occupational Therapy plays an active role in the transformation processes of the mental health field, composing multidisciplinary teams throughout the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS). In PC, the valorization of inter and transdisciplinary work and community actions for achieving autonomy and citizenship, on one side, places discussions on the clinic and the specific contributions of professional practices, such as that of occupational therapists, on the other side. Aimed at building specific theoretical and practical knowledge for Occupational Therapy, the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (DOTM) has been developed since the 1970s by Jô Benetton and collaborators. The DOTM has a theoretical-conceptual and methodological framework that allows occupational therapists the freedom to think and act creatively in different situations, considering the singularities of the target person and/or collectives amidst the dynamic movements of the triadic relationship (occupational therapist, target person and activities). The intervention processes supported by the DOTM are operationalized by the composition of the situational diagnosis, the management of the dynamic movements of the triadic relationship, the construction of new meanings through the analysis of activities and the expansion of health spaces, everyday life and social insertion. Objective: Seeking to discuss the possibilities of the occupational therapy clinic in Brazilian PC, this research explores and describes the relationship between the DOTM and PC in the context of public health. Methodology: This is an exploratory-descriptive research with a qualitative approach, which included 17 occupational therapists who work and/or have worked in RAPS facilities, with completed clinical specialization in DOTM, who answered an online questionnaire to identify sociodemographic, training and professional performance data with two narrative questions about the relationship between DOTM and PC. Ten of these professionals also participated in a semi-structured qualitative online interview. Numerical data were analyzed descriptively and by simple statistics, and narrative data received thematic analysis. Results: Most participants identified themselves as cisgender, white women, with a salary range between R$4,000.00 and R$8,000.00, and a weekly workload ranging from 31 to 40h, followed by 21 to 30h; with specialization in the field of mental health; and clinical training at DOTM between 2011 and 2020, followed by 2001 and 2010. The participants work/worked in various RAPS facilities, mainly in the State of São Paulo, with the participation of professionals from Ceará, Rio Grande do Sul, and Rio de Janeiro. The qualitative results cover four major themes: 1. Understanding PC and difficulties and challenges in everyday work at RAPS: between precariousness and resistance in sustaining care; 2. Occupational Therapy in PC, its contributions to RAPS, specific difficulties and challenges, and discussion about core and field; 3. DOTM and PC in epistemological and paradigmatic dialogues and contributions of DOTM to the operationalization of care in PC, theoretical-methodological support for core practice and strengthening of professional identity; 4. Difficulties and/or challenges between DOTM and PC, and the precariousness of RAPS. Final considerations: It was possible to deepen the debate on historical and epistemological relations through theoretical-methodological associations between concepts of PC and DOTM, such as conceptions of health and expanded clinical practice, PTS and situational diagnostic, harm reduction and the desire of the persons. Difficulties and distances identified reveal much more precariousness, absences, and/or deficiencies in public policies and their implementation. This research revealed how DOTM can favor the operationalization of PC objectives, highlighting the dynamism and flexibility of its applicability in different contexts. The findings highlight that DOTM promotes a non-dichotomous articulation between core and field practices, suggesting that a well-systematized core practice can expand, collaborate, and strengthen field practices without losing its identity.
Taxonomia e análise filogenética de Dilophus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Biobionidae, Bibioninae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Prado, Daniel de Castro Schelesky
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Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2130481063134330
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3046-5744
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Fusari, Lívia Maria
The Bibionidae family has approximately 700 extant species and more than 345 fossils. Known as “march flies” and “lovebugs”, their larvae feed on organic matter or living plant tissue, while adults can be important pollinators. The genus Dilophus Meigen is one of the most diverse within the family, with approximately 200 described species, 80 of which are found in the Neotropics, where Chile has the greatest diversity. This study aimed to fill gaps in the taxonomy and phylogeny of Dilophus, presenting redescriptions of four species, descriptions of two new species and an identification key for the Neotropical species, in addition to exploring their phylogenetic relationships using a broad sample of the taxon and other bibionids.
Sociedade de risco: possibilidades de articulação da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade com a educação técnica integrada ao ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
João, Plínio Gabriel
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Martinez, Vinício Carrilho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-0544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2410215634171249
This thesis aims to investigate the possibilities of articulation between Science, Technology and Society (STS) and Technical Education Integrated into High School (ETIM), considering the availability and capacity of teachers, aiming at the formation of critical and autonomous citizens in the risk society. Based on authors such as Beck and Giddens, the research explores the need to adapt to social complexity, analyzing the impact of digital technologies, the importance of ethics and organizational citizenship, and the challenges of education in the information age. The research addresses the dimensions of sustainability proposed by Sachs (2004) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Agenda, contextualizing them in the reality of ETIM. It examines educational reforms in High School, teacher training and the application of active methodologies, such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), to promote critical thinking and problem solving. The qualitative methodology, with elements of action research and ethnographic observation, includes an account of experience in technical schools, analyzing the reality of the classroom, the interactions between teachers and students, and the challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of STS. The research concludes that the integration of STS in ETIM is fundamental for the formation of conscious citizens engaged in building a more just and sustainable future, demanding investments in teacher training, infrastructure and adequate teaching materials.
Explorando a versatilidade dos fosfetos de níquel na redução eletroquímica de moléculas de interesse energético e ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Silva, Anelisse Brunca da
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Sales, Lucia Helena Mascaro
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7501104525654694
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-5352
This study investigates how the surface and bulk engineering of Ni−P catalysts, synthesized via electrodeposition, can optimize selectivity in the electroreduction reactions of H₂O/H⁺, NO3⁻, and the co-reduction of NO₃⁻ and CO₂. The influence of the Ni molar ratio in the deposition bath was analyzed to enhance the catalytic properties of nickel phosphide supported on Ni foam for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). The optimal Ni concentration resulted in electrodes with low overpotentials and high durability across different pH ranges, reaching 69, 165, and 56 mV at –10 mA cm⁻2 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic media, respectively. This performance was attributed to the granular structure, large surface area, and amorphous nature of the electrode—factors that favor interaction with the electrolyte and improve the HER kinetics, leading to a Tafel slope of 71 mV dec⁻1. XPS analyses confirmed the stability of the Ni−P bond, and the minimal potential variation observed in stability measurements demonstrated the robustness of the catalyst in neutral and alkaline electrolytes. To enable its application in the nitrate reduction reaction, the nickel phosphide film was deposited on carbon paper and functionalized with δ-FeOOH nanoplates. This modification led to the formation of CP/Ni−P/δ-FeOOH heterostructures, which exhibited high efficiency in nitrate-to-ammonia conversion, suppressing HER and promoting NO3⁻ adsorption. The heterostructure achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 98% ± 0.72 at -0.3 V vs. RHE, with an NH₃ production rate of 8.49 mg h⁻1 cm⁻2. Stability was maintained over 12 consecutive cycles, even with the use of a green, non-toxic binder, preserving the surface modification. δ-FeOOH stabilized intermediates through hydrogen bonding with -OH groups in its structure, controlling the formation of Hads and promoting the selective hydrogenation of NO₃⁻ intermediates. Simultaneously, the incorporation of tin (Sn) into nickel phosphide proved to be a strategic approach for the co-reduction of CO2 and NO3⁻, redirecting selectivity toward carbon monoxide production while suppressing competitive HER. The addition of Sn led to the formation of deposits composed of cubic nanoparticles of nickel and tin phosphides, also favoring urea synthesis, with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 62%. The synergy between Sn and Ni active sites enabled the simultaneous activation of CO2 and NO3⁻, facilitating intermediate coupling. This study highlights the great potential of modified nickel phosphides for catalytic applications, contributing to the sustainable production of high-value-added products such as urea, ammonia, and H2 from abundant molecules.
Associação do pico de fluxo da tosse e pressões respiratórias máximas no sucesso da extubação: revisão sistemática e metanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Sousa, Lílian Rocha de
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Jamami, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0443836082396813
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is crucial for patients with acute respiratory failure, and its prolonged use can lead to complications. The weaning and extubation process should occur as soon as possible, because when there is failure, there is an increase in cost and mortality. Respiratory muscle weakness is associated with prolonged IMV, which makes respiratory muscle strength and cough effectiveness important factors to be considered in extubation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and cough peak flow measures (CPF) to predict the outcomes of extubation. To conduct a systematic review of the literature, to investigate whether respiratory muscle strength is related to CPF measures, and whether these are predictive together or alone, in the outcome of extubation. The search covered the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS. The metaphor package was used in the statistical software R Project 3.6.2 to conduct a meta-analysis with fixed and random effects. The variables of interest were analyzed separately, obtaining a forest plot for each variable, where it was possible to observe its influence on the CPF. The residual heterogeneity between the studies was measured by tau² and the proportion of variability was defined by Higgins' I² statistic. The search strategy identified 1167 articles and after the selection of the studies, 3 articles were included in this review. It was observed that the variables age, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) did not significantly influence the CPF of those individuals who were successful in extubation. The variables respiratory muscle strength and CPF were not significantly related to each other, nor together, in the extubation outcome. The CPF, by itself, is able to predict success in extubation. The analyzes indicate the need for more studies to improve the accuracy of the estimates and understand the factors that influence the success of extubation in patients on mechanical ventilation.
A construção de uma metodologia de delimitação de áreas de influência em Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança com o uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Inguaggiato, Felipe Facci
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Stanganini, Fábio Noel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395
he Neighborhood Impact Study (EIV), included in the City Statute (Law No. 10.257/2001), is an instrument aimed at identifying the positive and negative impacts of developments with the potential to cause disturbances in urban areas, as well as proposing mitigating measures. Nearly 20 years after the promulgation of Articles 36, 37, and 38, many issues related to this instrument remain unresolved. One of these issues is the delineation of the area of influence of such developments, which is hindered by the lack of a clear methodology and technical criteria that adequately address the physical, economic, and territorial characteristics of each locality. This challenge arises both from the absence of legislation that objectively defines how this delineation should be carried out and from the lack of criteria to guide these parameters. The latter is further complicated by the high cost of using geoprocessing tools for mapping, as these tools rely on data collected from flights conducted by small aircraft, significantly increasing the cost of acquiring images. Additionally, the detailed scale required to characterize these areas necessitates highly accurate cartographic elements that faithfully represent reality. In this context, the emergence of new technology embedded in Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), such as cameras with high spatial resolution, has proven to be a low cost, high-quality, and highly productive alternative, accessible for the characterization and delineation of EIV influence areas. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to develop a methodology for delineating the areas of influence for EIVs using geoprocessing tools. The study focuses on a vertical development located in the municipality of Araraquara, in the state of São Paulo, which is subject to an EIV, as stipulated in Article 37 of Law No. 10.257/2001. The methodology is based on three stages: exploratory analysis, involving national and international research and bibliographic reviews; descriptive analysis, including the characterization of the study area, the review of existing municipal legislation, and aerial photogrammetric surveys of the area using RPAs; and analytical analysis, which seeks to discuss the relationships among the previous stages, in addition to constructing cartographic databases and developing a methodology for delineating influence areas for developments subject to an EIV. This methodology incorporates the aspects mentioned in Article 37 of the City Statute, addressing the area of influence of developments. As a result, a method was developed to delineate the influence area of the selected development, taking into account all legislative elements and resulting in a matrix of influence levels. This matrix evaluates the degree of impact, ranging from zero to seven, using geoprocessing tools. In conclusion, the proposed method is effective, applicable, and can be adopted by public authorities, private developers, and as a resource to promote the democratization of technical instruments outlined in the City Statute.
Identificando dispersores-chave e as consequências de sua perda para a dispersão de sementes no Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Campagnoli, Mariana Lopes
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Peralta, Guadalupe
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-791X
Seed dispersal is a crucial ecological function influencing the persistence and maintenance of plant populations and communities and depending mostly on frugivorous animals to happen. In the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna, ongoing anthropic pressures associated with land use changes impact frugivore populations, consequently disrupting the seed dispersal services they provide. Identifying plant-frugivore characteristics driving seed dispersal success and understanding how frugivore losses may affect seed dispersal services, can help guide conservation efforts to preserve species interactions and seed dispersal function in the Cerrado. However, to quantify the success of seed dispersal provided by frugivores, we need to include other aspects besides plant-frugivore interaction frequencies. For instance, the number of seeds dispersed, and the probability of each dispersed seed being recruited as a new individual in the population are not considered in most studies. The main goal of this thesis was to understand which plant-frugivore characteristics (at the community- and individuallevels) make interacting partners to be potentially more efficient to seed dispersal, and to understand which potential consequences their losses can bring to seed dispersal in the Cerrado. We recorded interactions using focal observations in plots, videos from camera traps, and birds captured with mist nets. We used seed dispersal effectiveness to estimate seed dispersal success by multiplying interaction frequencies, the number of seeds dispersed per visit and the probability of seeds germinating after interactions. We concluded that frugivore species vary in the number of seeds dispersed per visit, and in the probability of seed germination they provide, highlighting them as important aspects to be incorporated when quantifying frugivore contributions to seed dispersal. Furthermore, we identified that the most abundant plantfrugivore species with highest overlaps in their phenologies had the highest values of seed dispersal effectiveness. We highlight the importance of evaluating the quality of seed dispersal at the individual-level, as well as at the species-level, by detecting that Turdus leucomelas individuals had different contributions to the quality of seed dispersal of Miconia rubiginosa (a key-plant species in the Cerrado). We detected considerable losses in seed dispersal function after the extinction of large-bodied and generalist frugivore species, and after declines in frugivore abundances overall, highlighting the importance of keeping stable populations of frugivores in the Cerrado. Future studies will be crucial to understand the effects of climate change on plant-animal phenology, and its potential cascading effects to seed dispersal. Also, we urgently need studies that include seed deposition patterns and seed dispersal distances as measures of seed dispersal quality, to further understand the role of frugivores in the Cerrado. At last, minimizing the main threats progressing through the Cerrado will be crucial to maintain stable populations of frugivores, as well as the services of seed dispersal and regeneration of plant populations and communities they provide.
Gradualidade e dependência de perspectiva nos adjetivos do português brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-29)
Marques, Marina Nishimoto
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Basso, Renato Miguel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-0365
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6111738798525760
Among the adjectives we find in the natural languages, there are those which predicate binary properties from the objects that are characterised by them (e.g. ‘federal’), and also those which relate said objects to (a degree in) a scale (e.g. ‘tall’) – the latter are the scalar adjectives. Among the scalar adjectives, we can find those who are related to objectively measurable scales in the world (such as ‘tall’), and those that must be relativised to the perspective of a speaker in order to be semantically interpreted (such as ‘beautiful’). This relativisation is necessary because these items talk about properties that vary in their distribution depending on the speaker (or on the individual that judges the sentence). Scalar adjectives that are dependent on perspective are this work’s focus, and will be called ‘subjective (scalar) adjectives’. In this thesis, we investigate some properties that differentiate those items from non-subjective scalar adjectives (especially perspective dependence and scalar variation which is not objectively measurable). Based on data from Brazilian Portuguese (BP), we determine what types of adjectives fit in the group of the subjective adjectives. Furthermore, we show how the peculiarities of the subjective adjectives make their behaviour different from other items when they find themselves in environments of comparison and scalar modification.
Inteligência artificial aplicada à preparação e aplicação de insertos de metal duro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-30)
Sinzato, Mateus Keniti Nakashima
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Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-0416
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Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho
Grinding is an abrasive process often employed in finishing operations due to the possibility of obtaining narrow dimensional and geometric tolerances, besides low surface roughness. Besides hardened steels, that usually undergo finishing operations with grinding wheels, other materials may also be ground, like cermets: composites with ceramic particles and metallic matrix. Popularly known as hard metals, these materials mainly constituted by tungsten carbides and cobalt have wide application as machining tools. In this case, grinding is one among several abrasive processes that can be applied to the preparation of cutting edges; but it is verified a lack of publications on this purpose when related to the artificial intelligence, although their increasing number in the last few years. This work proposes to apply artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms as an optimization tool for carbide inserts grinding considering cutting speed, feed rate and radial depth of cut as input factors and geometric features of the products, such as surface roughness (Ra e Rz), as response outputs. Besides, as a complementar study, the IA application on the optimization of the straight turning was studied, using tools with two-chamfer cutting edges produced by grinding, which were evaluated the feed rate, tool nose radius and form factor (K), and their influences over the roughness Ra e Rz and residual stress generated on the 4142 alloy steel. A preliminary model was developed using the Taguchi methodology in addition to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to complement the methodology; afterwards, it was developed optimization models using artificial Neuro-Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The results demonstrated that the ANN model presented better prediction capability compared to the ANFIS model, obtaining higher capacities of becoming an optimization tool.
Panorama quantitativo e descritivo da atuação do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo na proteção ambiental em São Carlos (2016-2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-01)
Sousa, Isabel Cristina Nunes de
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Albuquerque, Carolina de
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Sousa, Maria Carolina Chaves de
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Oliveira, Celso Maran de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8572329722251988
Quantificar e descrever a atuação do Ministério Público em questões ambientais é fundamental, dada a amplitude de suas competências e a discricionariedade em sua atuação. Esta pesquisa, de natureza aplicada, exploratória e descritiva, adota um método quantitativo de investigação, com levantamento bibliográfico e documental, para traçar um panorama da atuação do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo na proteção ambiental, com foco no município de São Carlos, no período de 2016 a 2023. Os dados analisados referem-se aos procedimentos instaurados pela Promotoria de Justiça de São Carlos, e foram processados utilizando a linguagem de programação Python, empregando técnicas de estatística descritiva para análise exploratória.
Pessoas trans e a contextualização masculina: a construção das transmasculinidades na década de 1970 e 1980, pelas lentes de João Nery e Anderson Herzer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-01)
Rosanezi, Kauã da Silva
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-9169
The research aims to reflect on the process of construction of the transmasculine identities of João Nery and Anderson Herzer in Brazil, between the 1970s and 1980s. This problematization is based on the memories narrated in the work “Erro de Pessoa: Joana ou João?” (1984) and “Viagem Solitária” (2019), as well as those narrated in “A queda para o alto” (1978). The specific objective is to analyze how these trans experiences developed in their times, mapping how subjective strategies linked to gender stereotypes were mobilized by the two research objects, to survive as a transmasculine person, at a time when it was impractical to survive that way. Together with the fact that the effects of male domination ended up influencing the constitution of their identity experiences, in this way, if on the one hand they were considered “deviant”, on the other, paradoxically, they reaffirmed the expression of the masculine gender. The research method of discourse analysis was used, as proposed by Michel Foucault (1987), which helped when investigating the autobiographical writing, a denunciatory writing, which reveals the power mechanisms that are still so present in our society over those who are stigmatized and deviate from the imposed “order”.
O planejamento urbano do território rural: as “chácaras de recreio” e o jogo da ilegalidade no município de São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Rasera, Denise
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Peres, Renata Bovo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0574486745919669
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-0391
In the municipalities of the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, many rural and peri-urban areas are occupied by "recreational farms", which are often characterized by their illegal nature. Initially sought primarily for leisure purposes, these areas are increasingly being absorbed by the "city," either through their incorporation as residential housing or the replication of residential developments in surrounding urban expansion areas. This study aims to analyze urban expansion through the lens of "recreational farm" developments, considering urban planning perspectives and the historical context of their establishment in a case study municipality. The discussion focuses on the advances and contradictions within federal and municipal land-use legislation related to "recreational farms." For this purpose, a case study was conducted in the municipality of São Carlos (SP), using various temporal frameworks according to the research objectives. The methods included bibliographic research, document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and the creation of visualization maps. The results highlight the persistence of illegal occupation processes in environmentally protected areas or areas with fragile soils, as well as the existence of contradictions in the regulation of rural territories.
Minha trajetória na medicina UFSCAR: uma narrativa reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Silva, Daniel Souza da
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
The medical course at UFSCar adopts active learning as its guiding principle. In active learning, the traditional roles of students and teachers are redefined within a bilateral participatory dynamic, although with a student-centered focus. Students are responsible for actively engaging with problem situations, articulating their conceptions and understandings, and formulating questions that help build bridges between their prior knowledge and the new skills needed to face proposed challenges. The Final Graduation Project (TCC) is a synthesis of the development of the student’s professional practice, constructed from their records and experiences throughout the course. This work aims to present the author’s journey over the six years of the medical program, highlighting the development of competencies, acquired skills, and challenges faced, especially the impact of studying medicine during a global pandemic.
Percepções de mulheres que sobreviveram ao espectro da placenta acreta sobre a cesárea: o que dizem aquelas que optaram pela cesárea a pedido?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Begalli, Bruna Molina
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Avó, Lucimar Retto da Silva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5353180921178881
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-420X
INTRODUCTION: The global increase in cesarean section rates has raised concerns about maternal morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure. Pregnant women's choice of method of delivery is influenced by personal and external factors, such as social, family and medical influences and pressures. Satisfaction with cesarean section, however, is often envied by studies that tend to present detailed opinions, making the results difficult to interpret. The growing preference for cesarean sections without medical indication raises doubts about the basis of these choices and the ability of women to critically evaluate medical recommendations, especially after serious complications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions regarding cesarean section of women who, after having a cesarean section "on request", faced complications of the placental accreta spectrum (PAS). The responses of these women were compared to those of those who did not have this option. METHOD: This observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was extended in a reference university hospital over 18 years (2005-2023). Included exposed women with PAS and undergoing postpartum hysterectomy. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire, complemented by information from medical records, covering demographics, perceptions about the first cesarean section and reflections after complications. Participants were divided into two groups: those with a cesarean section "on request" and those with a cesarean section on "other requests." The study was approved by the ethics committee. RESULTS: The study revealed that of the 66.7% participants who had three or more pregnancies, 36.4% were in the "on request" group and that 81.8% of these had private health insurance. Furthermore, 36.6% of women had little or no knowledge about the risks of cesarean section before the first surgery, and 85.4% were unaware of the PAS. More than half (53.7%) stated that they would make different decisions with current knowledge, and 78% believe that the public knows little about the topic. Finally, 19.6% disagree with the cesarean section law, and 31.7% were still unaware of the relationship between PAS and cesarean sections, even after a near miss. CONCLUSION: Cesarean section on request reflects a choice of a combination of several factors, influenced by beliefs and fears about vaginal birth, which is still seen as a convenient solution. Thus, the lack of knowledge about its risks and changes in opinion after serious complications reinforce that such choices are not based on scientific reflection. Therefore, for women's autonomy to be fully guaranteed, correct information and the deconstruction of deeply rooted myths among the population must be promoted.
A visão de um estudante sobre o processo avaliativo de um curso de medicina baseado em metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem, em uma universidade federal no interior do estado de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2019 e 2024
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Bispo, João Paulo Borges
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
The evolution of medical education reflects the pressing need to adapt to the complexities of modern society, which demands that future physicians develop not only robust knowledge but also essential skills and attitudes. Traditionally, assessments have prioritized categorization, focusing primarily on measuring the adequacy of outcomes. However, contemporary approaches advocate for the adoption of active learning methodologies and integrated evaluation processes, aiming to create a more holistic educational experience. This study seeks to examine the alignment between the assessment practices of the medical program at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), contemporary standards in medical education, and their impact on academic training after 19 years of the program's implementation. Particular emphasis is placed on the students’ critical and reflective experiences, offering insights into how these practices shape their educational journey. This study adopts a basic research design with a qualitative approach, combining bibliographic and documentary analysis with a critical-reflective narrative to conduct an exploratory examination of the subject. The research involved a literature review on assessment processes in medical education, an analysis of the political-pedagogical project of UFSCar's medical program, and an in-depth examination of the critical-reflective portfolio of a medical student at UFSCar between 2019 and 2024. Student assessment is a cornerstone of medical education, serving not only to evaluate academic performance but also to cultivate the essential competencies required for professional practice. The evolution of educational paradigms has introduced approaches that prioritize continuous learning, integrating the evaluation of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Effective assessment must balance formative, summative, and informative functions: tracking learning progress, guiding student development, and evaluating the quality of educational delivery. In this context, programmatic assessment emerges as an innovative and integrative approach, leveraging a variety of evaluation methods to offer a holistic and longitudinal view of student learning. This discussion explores the author’s experiences within the medical program at UFSCar, which introduced an innovative curriculum centered on competency-based education and programmatic assessment. Initially, the shift from a traditional, outcome-focused model to one emphasizing active learning and continuous assessment proved challenging. Adapting to active methodologies and programmatic evaluations required significant effort, reflecting the inherent complexities of such a transition. The author observed an initial alignment with the program's pedagogical goals; however, inconsistencies. This divergence highlighted the need for greater cohesion in implementing innovative practices. Despite the evident benefits of the system, the author identified areas for improvement. Participation in the Evaluation Committee (NAv) was particularly impactful, offering a transformative experience that enhanced understanding of the assessment framework and enabled active contributions to its refinement. In conclusion, while the program lays a robust foundation for medical education, there remains significant potential for refinement. In the UFSCar medical program, the curriculum is structured around competencies and active methodologies, adopting a constructivist approach with continuous assessment. While this framework aligns with contemporary assessment guidelines in theory, practical challenges remain. These include the need for a clearer understanding of assessment processes, as well as greater diversity and transparency in the criteria and tools employed. Programmatic assessment emerges as a promising solution. This approach has the potential to make learning more meaningful and impactful. However, achieving a true transformation of assessment systems requires a cultural shift in the teaching process. True renewal of assessment systems requires cultural change and continuous education among all education stakeholders. Thus, assessment can effectively become a moment of learning and for learning.
Entre estetoscópios e corações: o encontro da ciência e da sensibilidade ao longo da minha jornada acadêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Silva, Renata Postel
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
This paper, presented as part of the medicine graduation course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), focuses on a reflective narrative of the experiences, challenges, and lessons learned throughout the student's academic journey. The narrative also emphasizes the significant role of extracurricular activities in the student's personal and professional development, broadening her perspective and providing a more comprehensive view of medicine. Throughout her undergraduate studies, the student had the opportunity to engage in practical experiences across various healthcare environments, participating in extension programs and internships that exposed her to diverse realities within the healthcare system. These experiences contributed to the enhancement of both clinical skills and the ability to manage complex situations. Particularly, the extension activities offered by UFSCar, known as ACIEPEs, were instrumental in strengthening her commitment to ethics, empathy, holistic care, active listening and humanized patient care – key aspects in shaping a medical professional capable of addressing the contemporary challenges of the medical profession.
Narrativa crítico-reflexiva sobre minhas vivências no curso de medicina da universidade federal de são carlos visão sobre o curso, a universidade e a cidade de são carlos na perspectiva de um homem preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Silva, Guilherme dos Santos
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Avó, Lucimar Retto da Silva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5353180921178881
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-420X
This work is a critical-reflexive narrative that explores the experience of a black student on the medical course at the Federal University of São Carlos. The author addresses challenges and personal experiences that involve insertion in a predominantly white and elite academic environment, contrasting moments of welcome with episodes of discrimination and violence, both experienced and observed. The narrative allows analysis these experiences through the theoretical perspective of relevant authors in the field of anti-racist resistance. Based on these experiences, the author reflects on the impact of these years of graduation in the construction of their identity and in their formation as future health professional. In conclusion, he highlights how this
Abordagens sustentáveis para a drenagem e o manejo de águas pluviais urbanas: uma análise a partir dos planos municipais e dos profissionais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré, SP (UGRHI-13)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Negro, Giovana Spinelli
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Peres, Renata Bovo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893473544042413
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-3956
With the increase in extreme events resulting from climate change and their consequences (flooding, inundation, and erosion processes), combined with sanitation practices and the logic of stormwater management, new approaches to sustainable urban drainage and rainwater management have emerged. This study analyzed advancements in these approaches within master plans, sectoral plans, and other urban policy instruments across the 34 municipalities that comprise UGRHI 13, a study area selected due to the implementation of the Programa de Drenagem Sustentável e Revitalização de Rios Urbanos (Sustainable Drainage and Urban Rivers Revitalization Program). The research also examined municipal professionals’ perspectives on the current context and potential changes in approaches to urban drainage and sustainable rainwater management in municipalities within the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin. To achieve this, municipal documents were reviewed to identify laws, drainage policies, and public administrative structures supporting sustainable drainage and rainwater management initiatives, along with their interrelations and impacts across the 34 municipalities. Additionally, five municipalities — Araraquara, Dois Córregos, Lençóis Paulista, Pederneiras, and São Carlos—were selected for interviews with career public servants from sectors related to urban drainage. These interviews aimed to analyze challenges and explore potential pathways for transitioning to sustainable urban drainage models. In the analysis of municipal plans, principles of sustainable urban drainage and rainwater management were identified in 30 out of 113 documents, spanning 17 of the 34 municipalities in UGRHI 13. Among the excerpts related to these principles, 26 potential instruments for implementing non-conventional paradigms in drainage and rainwater systems stood out. The interviews also revealed specific but fragmented progress in adopting sustainable approaches to drainage and rainwater management systems. Several challenges were highlighted, including the lack of design standards and maintenance protocols for sustainable drainage techniques, limited funding to implement actions, insufficient training for involved professionals, and the workload burden on these professionals, which often renders sustainable approaches unfeasible or difficult to implement. The interviews also suggested actions to address these barriers. In conclusion, the study found that sustainable approaches to drainage and rainwater management are already being pursued in the UGRHI 13 municipalities, supported by both professionals and related public policies.
Aspectos psicossociais e capacidade para o trabalho nos trabalhadores da saúde no contexto da Pandemia de COVID-19: estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Martinez, Carolina Luciane Nogueira
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Moriguchi, Cristiane Shinohara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4884773940352714
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-1771
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Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira
Psychosocial factors at work result from the interaction between the work environment and human factors, such as capabilities and expectations, and can influence health, performance and work ability. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the working conditions of healthcare professionals (HCPs), and it is necessary to monitor the effects of the pandemic on psychosocial factors and work ability in this population. Objective: To assess psychosocial factors and work ability of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with a prospective follow-up of 36 months. A total of 1,211 workers participated in the baseline assessment in 2020, including 219 healthcare professionals (HCPs) and 992 non-healthcare professionals (NHCPs). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the short version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II-Br), and the Work Ability Index (WAI) at four time points: baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months after the baseline assessment. COPSOQ II-Br covers seven domains: work demands, organization and content, interpersonal relationships, work-individual interface, values in the workplace, health and well-being and offensive behaviors, composed of questions divided into eleven dimensions that measure exposure indicators (risks). The final version of COPSOQ II-Br was formulated and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Data were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square and Cochran’s tests for inter- and intra-group comparisons, respectively. Results: Emotional demands, influence at work, predictability, general health, burnout, unwanted sexual attention, threat of violence, and violence were psychosocial factors of concern among HCPs. The possibility of development, meaning of work, commitment to work and role clarity were favorable factors in HCPs. Work ability was good in both groups and moments investigated. Conclusions: HCPs were exposed to some psychosocial risk factors that are unfavorable to their health and well-being, which deserve attention. The persistence of work risk factors demonstrates the need for long-term measures for worker health after emergency situations.
Filogenômica das moscas-das-frutas do gênero Anastrepha do complexo fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Santos, Edyane Moraes dos
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Brito, Reinaldo Otávio Alvarenga de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-6255
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
The challenge of defining taxonomic relationships among cryptic species is still an open question and can result in biased and imprecise classifications. This is because these species show little phenotypic variation despite significant evolutionary divergence. Phylogenomic analysis of cryptic species, with particular emphasis on fruit flies, plays a crucial role within the taxonomic and evolutionary scope, in addition to serving as a tool of significant relevance in the context of pest management. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the genus Anastrepha are economically important species in tropical and subtropical regions, causing extensive fruit crops losses due to their polyphagy and easy adaptation to different hosts. The family Tephritidae is among the largest families of Diptera and includes approximately 4,000 species across 500 genera, with around 1,500 species of fruit flies associated to annual losses. Due to the remarkable morphological similarities between the species in question, their identification is intrinsically linked to the use of morphometric studies, which, to date, are still in the initial stages of investigation for defining taxonomic groups and lineages. Species delimitation has proven to be a complex challenge within this group, resulting in the formation of imprecise clades and short branches, especially in the case of the specific entity of A. fraterculus, whose morphotypes continue to pose phylogenetic uncertainties. Through a comprehensive analysis of a large set of orthologous genes, we used several strategies to seek efficient subsets of select loci that are still able of accurately infer phylogenetic trees and identify different lineages of Anastrepha. By analyzing evolutionary rates, diversity indices, hypotheses of incomplete lineage classification, as well as the phenomena of introgression and gene flow between species, we aim to better understand the historical events that have made the differentiation of lineages and species within the genus Anastrepha a challenging, despite the extensive set of available data. In this context, we adopted an approach that uses several bioinformatics tools to identify regions in the genome that can provide additional insights into the divergences observed in the phylogenetic trees of Anastrepha.