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O planejamento urbano do território rural: as “chácaras de recreio” e o jogo da ilegalidade no município de São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Rasera, Denise
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Peres, Renata Bovo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0574486745919669
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-0391
In the municipalities of the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, many rural and peri-urban areas are occupied by "recreational farms", which are often characterized by their illegal nature. Initially sought primarily for leisure purposes, these areas are increasingly being absorbed by the "city," either through their incorporation as residential housing or the replication of residential developments in surrounding urban expansion areas. This study aims to analyze urban expansion through the lens of "recreational farm" developments, considering urban planning perspectives and the historical context of their establishment in a case study municipality. The discussion focuses on the advances and contradictions within federal and municipal land-use legislation related to "recreational farms." For this purpose, a case study was conducted in the municipality of São Carlos (SP), using various temporal frameworks according to the research objectives. The methods included bibliographic research, document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and the creation of visualization maps. The results highlight the persistence of illegal occupation processes in environmentally protected areas or areas with fragile soils, as well as the existence of contradictions in the regulation of rural territories.
Minha trajetória na medicina UFSCAR: uma narrativa reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Silva, Daniel Souza da
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
The medical course at UFSCar adopts active learning as its guiding principle. In active learning, the traditional roles of students and teachers are redefined within a bilateral participatory dynamic, although with a student-centered focus. Students are responsible for actively engaging with problem situations, articulating their conceptions and understandings, and formulating questions that help build bridges between their prior knowledge and the new skills needed to face proposed challenges. The Final Graduation Project (TCC) is a synthesis of the development of the student’s professional practice, constructed from their records and experiences throughout the course. This work aims to present the author’s journey over the six years of the medical program, highlighting the development of competencies, acquired skills, and challenges faced, especially the impact of studying medicine during a global pandemic.
Percepções de mulheres que sobreviveram ao espectro da placenta acreta sobre a cesárea: o que dizem aquelas que optaram pela cesárea a pedido?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Begalli, Bruna Molina
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Avó, Lucimar Retto da Silva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5353180921178881
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-420X
INTRODUCTION: The global increase in cesarean section rates has raised concerns about maternal morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure. Pregnant women's choice of method of delivery is influenced by personal and external factors, such as social, family and medical influences and pressures. Satisfaction with cesarean section, however, is often envied by studies that tend to present detailed opinions, making the results difficult to interpret. The growing preference for cesarean sections without medical indication raises doubts about the basis of these choices and the ability of women to critically evaluate medical recommendations, especially after serious complications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions regarding cesarean section of women who, after having a cesarean section "on request", faced complications of the placental accreta spectrum (PAS). The responses of these women were compared to those of those who did not have this option. METHOD: This observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was extended in a reference university hospital over 18 years (2005-2023). Included exposed women with PAS and undergoing postpartum hysterectomy. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire, complemented by information from medical records, covering demographics, perceptions about the first cesarean section and reflections after complications. Participants were divided into two groups: those with a cesarean section "on request" and those with a cesarean section on "other requests." The study was approved by the ethics committee. RESULTS: The study revealed that of the 66.7% participants who had three or more pregnancies, 36.4% were in the "on request" group and that 81.8% of these had private health insurance. Furthermore, 36.6% of women had little or no knowledge about the risks of cesarean section before the first surgery, and 85.4% were unaware of the PAS. More than half (53.7%) stated that they would make different decisions with current knowledge, and 78% believe that the public knows little about the topic. Finally, 19.6% disagree with the cesarean section law, and 31.7% were still unaware of the relationship between PAS and cesarean sections, even after a near miss. CONCLUSION: Cesarean section on request reflects a choice of a combination of several factors, influenced by beliefs and fears about vaginal birth, which is still seen as a convenient solution. Thus, the lack of knowledge about its risks and changes in opinion after serious complications reinforce that such choices are not based on scientific reflection. Therefore, for women's autonomy to be fully guaranteed, correct information and the deconstruction of deeply rooted myths among the population must be promoted.
A visão de um estudante sobre o processo avaliativo de um curso de medicina baseado em metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem, em uma universidade federal no interior do estado de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2019 e 2024
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Bispo, João Paulo Borges
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
The evolution of medical education reflects the pressing need to adapt to the complexities of modern society, which demands that future physicians develop not only robust knowledge but also essential skills and attitudes. Traditionally, assessments have prioritized categorization, focusing primarily on measuring the adequacy of outcomes. However, contemporary approaches advocate for the adoption of active learning methodologies and integrated evaluation processes, aiming to create a more holistic educational experience. This study seeks to examine the alignment between the assessment practices of the medical program at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), contemporary standards in medical education, and their impact on academic training after 19 years of the program's implementation. Particular emphasis is placed on the students’ critical and reflective experiences, offering insights into how these practices shape their educational journey. This study adopts a basic research design with a qualitative approach, combining bibliographic and documentary analysis with a critical-reflective narrative to conduct an exploratory examination of the subject. The research involved a literature review on assessment processes in medical education, an analysis of the political-pedagogical project of UFSCar's medical program, and an in-depth examination of the critical-reflective portfolio of a medical student at UFSCar between 2019 and 2024. Student assessment is a cornerstone of medical education, serving not only to evaluate academic performance but also to cultivate the essential competencies required for professional practice. The evolution of educational paradigms has introduced approaches that prioritize continuous learning, integrating the evaluation of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Effective assessment must balance formative, summative, and informative functions: tracking learning progress, guiding student development, and evaluating the quality of educational delivery. In this context, programmatic assessment emerges as an innovative and integrative approach, leveraging a variety of evaluation methods to offer a holistic and longitudinal view of student learning. This discussion explores the author’s experiences within the medical program at UFSCar, which introduced an innovative curriculum centered on competency-based education and programmatic assessment. Initially, the shift from a traditional, outcome-focused model to one emphasizing active learning and continuous assessment proved challenging. Adapting to active methodologies and programmatic evaluations required significant effort, reflecting the inherent complexities of such a transition. The author observed an initial alignment with the program's pedagogical goals; however, inconsistencies. This divergence highlighted the need for greater cohesion in implementing innovative practices. Despite the evident benefits of the system, the author identified areas for improvement. Participation in the Evaluation Committee (NAv) was particularly impactful, offering a transformative experience that enhanced understanding of the assessment framework and enabled active contributions to its refinement. In conclusion, while the program lays a robust foundation for medical education, there remains significant potential for refinement. In the UFSCar medical program, the curriculum is structured around competencies and active methodologies, adopting a constructivist approach with continuous assessment. While this framework aligns with contemporary assessment guidelines in theory, practical challenges remain. These include the need for a clearer understanding of assessment processes, as well as greater diversity and transparency in the criteria and tools employed. Programmatic assessment emerges as a promising solution. This approach has the potential to make learning more meaningful and impactful. However, achieving a true transformation of assessment systems requires a cultural shift in the teaching process. True renewal of assessment systems requires cultural change and continuous education among all education stakeholders. Thus, assessment can effectively become a moment of learning and for learning.
Entre estetoscópios e corações: o encontro da ciência e da sensibilidade ao longo da minha jornada acadêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Silva, Renata Postel
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
This paper, presented as part of the medicine graduation course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), focuses on a reflective narrative of the experiences, challenges, and lessons learned throughout the student's academic journey. The narrative also emphasizes the significant role of extracurricular activities in the student's personal and professional development, broadening her perspective and providing a more comprehensive view of medicine. Throughout her undergraduate studies, the student had the opportunity to engage in practical experiences across various healthcare environments, participating in extension programs and internships that exposed her to diverse realities within the healthcare system. These experiences contributed to the enhancement of both clinical skills and the ability to manage complex situations. Particularly, the extension activities offered by UFSCar, known as ACIEPEs, were instrumental in strengthening her commitment to ethics, empathy, holistic care, active listening and humanized patient care – key aspects in shaping a medical professional capable of addressing the contemporary challenges of the medical profession.
Narrativa crítico-reflexiva sobre minhas vivências no curso de medicina da universidade federal de são carlos visão sobre o curso, a universidade e a cidade de são carlos na perspectiva de um homem preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-02)
Silva, Guilherme dos Santos
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Avó, Lucimar Retto da Silva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5353180921178881
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-420X
This work is a critical-reflexive narrative that explores the experience of a black student on the medical course at the Federal University of São Carlos. The author addresses challenges and personal experiences that involve insertion in a predominantly white and elite academic environment, contrasting moments of welcome with episodes of discrimination and violence, both experienced and observed. The narrative allows analysis these experiences through the theoretical perspective of relevant authors in the field of anti-racist resistance. Based on these experiences, the author reflects on the impact of these years of graduation in the construction of their identity and in their formation as future health professional. In conclusion, he highlights how this
Abordagens sustentáveis para a drenagem e o manejo de águas pluviais urbanas: uma análise a partir dos planos municipais e dos profissionais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré, SP (UGRHI-13)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Negro, Giovana Spinelli
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Peres, Renata Bovo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893473544042413
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-3956
With the increase in extreme events resulting from climate change and their consequences (flooding, inundation, and erosion processes), combined with sanitation practices and the logic of stormwater management, new approaches to sustainable urban drainage and rainwater management have emerged. This study analyzed advancements in these approaches within master plans, sectoral plans, and other urban policy instruments across the 34 municipalities that comprise UGRHI 13, a study area selected due to the implementation of the Programa de Drenagem Sustentável e Revitalização de Rios Urbanos (Sustainable Drainage and Urban Rivers Revitalization Program). The research also examined municipal professionals’ perspectives on the current context and potential changes in approaches to urban drainage and sustainable rainwater management in municipalities within the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin. To achieve this, municipal documents were reviewed to identify laws, drainage policies, and public administrative structures supporting sustainable drainage and rainwater management initiatives, along with their interrelations and impacts across the 34 municipalities. Additionally, five municipalities — Araraquara, Dois Córregos, Lençóis Paulista, Pederneiras, and São Carlos—were selected for interviews with career public servants from sectors related to urban drainage. These interviews aimed to analyze challenges and explore potential pathways for transitioning to sustainable urban drainage models. In the analysis of municipal plans, principles of sustainable urban drainage and rainwater management were identified in 30 out of 113 documents, spanning 17 of the 34 municipalities in UGRHI 13. Among the excerpts related to these principles, 26 potential instruments for implementing non-conventional paradigms in drainage and rainwater systems stood out. The interviews also revealed specific but fragmented progress in adopting sustainable approaches to drainage and rainwater management systems. Several challenges were highlighted, including the lack of design standards and maintenance protocols for sustainable drainage techniques, limited funding to implement actions, insufficient training for involved professionals, and the workload burden on these professionals, which often renders sustainable approaches unfeasible or difficult to implement. The interviews also suggested actions to address these barriers. In conclusion, the study found that sustainable approaches to drainage and rainwater management are already being pursued in the UGRHI 13 municipalities, supported by both professionals and related public policies.
Aspectos psicossociais e capacidade para o trabalho nos trabalhadores da saúde no contexto da Pandemia de COVID-19: estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Martinez, Carolina Luciane Nogueira
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Moriguchi, Cristiane Shinohara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4884773940352714
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-1771
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Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira
Psychosocial factors at work result from the interaction between the work environment and human factors, such as capabilities and expectations, and can influence health, performance and work ability. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the working conditions of healthcare professionals (HCPs), and it is necessary to monitor the effects of the pandemic on psychosocial factors and work ability in this population. Objective: To assess psychosocial factors and work ability of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with a prospective follow-up of 36 months. A total of 1,211 workers participated in the baseline assessment in 2020, including 219 healthcare professionals (HCPs) and 992 non-healthcare professionals (NHCPs). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the short version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II-Br), and the Work Ability Index (WAI) at four time points: baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months after the baseline assessment. COPSOQ II-Br covers seven domains: work demands, organization and content, interpersonal relationships, work-individual interface, values in the workplace, health and well-being and offensive behaviors, composed of questions divided into eleven dimensions that measure exposure indicators (risks). The final version of COPSOQ II-Br was formulated and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Data were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square and Cochran’s tests for inter- and intra-group comparisons, respectively. Results: Emotional demands, influence at work, predictability, general health, burnout, unwanted sexual attention, threat of violence, and violence were psychosocial factors of concern among HCPs. The possibility of development, meaning of work, commitment to work and role clarity were favorable factors in HCPs. Work ability was good in both groups and moments investigated. Conclusions: HCPs were exposed to some psychosocial risk factors that are unfavorable to their health and well-being, which deserve attention. The persistence of work risk factors demonstrates the need for long-term measures for worker health after emergency situations.
Filogenômica das moscas-das-frutas do gênero Anastrepha do complexo fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Santos, Edyane Moraes dos
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Brito, Reinaldo Otávio Alvarenga de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-6255
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
The challenge of defining taxonomic relationships among cryptic species is still an open question and can result in biased and imprecise classifications. This is because these species show little phenotypic variation despite significant evolutionary divergence. Phylogenomic analysis of cryptic species, with particular emphasis on fruit flies, plays a crucial role within the taxonomic and evolutionary scope, in addition to serving as a tool of significant relevance in the context of pest management. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the genus Anastrepha are economically important species in tropical and subtropical regions, causing extensive fruit crops losses due to their polyphagy and easy adaptation to different hosts. The family Tephritidae is among the largest families of Diptera and includes approximately 4,000 species across 500 genera, with around 1,500 species of fruit flies associated to annual losses. Due to the remarkable morphological similarities between the species in question, their identification is intrinsically linked to the use of morphometric studies, which, to date, are still in the initial stages of investigation for defining taxonomic groups and lineages. Species delimitation has proven to be a complex challenge within this group, resulting in the formation of imprecise clades and short branches, especially in the case of the specific entity of A. fraterculus, whose morphotypes continue to pose phylogenetic uncertainties. Through a comprehensive analysis of a large set of orthologous genes, we used several strategies to seek efficient subsets of select loci that are still able of accurately infer phylogenetic trees and identify different lineages of Anastrepha. By analyzing evolutionary rates, diversity indices, hypotheses of incomplete lineage classification, as well as the phenomena of introgression and gene flow between species, we aim to better understand the historical events that have made the differentiation of lineages and species within the genus Anastrepha a challenging, despite the extensive set of available data. In this context, we adopted an approach that uses several bioinformatics tools to identify regions in the genome that can provide additional insights into the divergences observed in the phylogenetic trees of Anastrepha.
A narrativa como ferramenta pedagógica na formação médica: uma revisão de escopo analítico-reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Pereira, Laura Resende Guimarães
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Brandão, Gustavo Muçouçah Sampaio
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4907806055657167
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-1512
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8695498207496227
Narrative Medicine has been widely utilized in medical education over recent decades to develop skills and competencies related to empathy, critical reflection, and communication. However, there is limited systematic data in the literature regarding the actual impacts and applications of this tool in training new physicians. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize the current scientific knowledge on the pedagogical effects and uses of Narrative Medicine. Searches were conducted in the Medline, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases using descriptors selected according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Studies published between 2019 and October 2024, employing qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodologies and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, were included for analysis. The search yielded 32 articles, which were organized into three categories. A significant portion of the publications highlighted the benefits of Narrative Medicine in fostering various interpersonal skills.Additionally, certain programs demonstrated that narrative competence could serve as an agent of social transformation, aiding in the education of social determinants of health and supporting the implementation of anti-racist initiatives, for instance. Furthermore, the data suggests that Narrative Medicine is similarly effective in residency programs as in undergraduate training. Nonetheless, most studies present a low level of evidence, limiting the ability to draw broad generalizations. We recommend expanding research in this field, with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials.
Análise técnico-econômica para tecnologias de disposição da vinhaça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03)
Morales, Gustavo Cestari
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Bernardo, André
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3361
This work presents a techno-economic feasibility assessment of different alternatives for vinasse disposal, all based on simulations performed using the DWSim software, version 7.1.2. Currently, vinasse is predominantly used untreated for fertigation of sugarcane. However, there are alternatives that can reduce transportation costs, and the environmental impact caused by the disposal of untreated vinasse, in addition to adding value through electricity generation and decarbonization credits. The different alternatives evaluated include vinasse concentration at 3, 4, 5, and 6 times its volume, where each concentration level was considered as a distinct alternative. Additionally, fresh vinasse biodigestion associated with cogeneration and concentration (3x, 4x, 5x, and 6x) followed by biodigestion and cogeneration were evaluated. The objective of the evaluation was to determine whether any of these alternatives would be economically viable, using payback time as criteria, considering capital and operational costs as well as the associated revenues. The analysis also considered sensitivity to commodity and international exchange rate fluctuations. The use of biodigestion and cogeneration is only viable when the vinasse is concentrated, becoming progressively more viable as its volume is reduced, reaching the lowest payback time of 8.7 years. The use of concentration alone is more viable, as the primary source of revenue from these alternatives comes from reducing the cost of transporting vinasse by tanker trucks. Similarly, the payback time is gradually reduced as vinasse concentration increases, reaching a value of 8.1 years when concentrated 6x. The use of untreated vinasse for biodigestion is unfeasible, with no return on investment due to the high implementation costs caused by the large equipment sizes required.
Dengue na atenção primária em saúde: uso do mapa de fluxo de valor da filosofia lean healthcare
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-04)
Mendes, Sara de França
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Feliciano, Adriana Barbieri
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9398810638733882
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-9876
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2954187762144602
Introduction: Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a central role in the organization of care within Brazil’s Unified Health System, particularly in the management of infectious and neglected diseases. However, PHC services still face challenges related to fragmented workflows, inefficiencies, and operational waste. In this context, Lean Healthcare emerges as a promising approach to reorganize care processes, focusing on waste reduction and value generation for users. Objective: To analyze and redesign the care flow for patients with suspected dengue in a Primary Health Care Unit in the Federal District, using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as a Lean Healthcare tool. Method: This qualitative intervention study was conducted in a Primary Health Care setting with the participation of a multidisciplinary health team. Data collection was carried out through participatory workshops, during which the current care flow was mapped, bottlenecks and inefficiencies were identified, and a future-state care flow was collaboratively developed. The analysis was guided by Lean Healthcare principles and Clinical Governance, aligned with national dengue management guidelines. Results: The current-state VSM revealed weaknesses such as long waiting times, communication failures, task duplication, lack of standardization, incompatibility among information systems, and irregular supply of materials. The future-state VSM incorporated improvements including reorganization of triage, clearer definition of professional roles, enhanced integration among nursing, medical, and laboratory services, and strengthened coordination between surveillance and care. These changes were characterized by low implementation cost and high potential impact. Final considerations: Lean Healthcare proved to be feasible and effective in PHC, contributing to the reorganization of dengue care flows, improved service responsiveness, and strengthened clinical governance. The participatory use of VSM supported collaborative work processes and sustainable improvements, particularly in socially vulnerable territories. The findings highlight the relevance of expanding Lean Healthcare applications in non-hospital settings to strengthen PHC and health care networks.
Filtragem de ruído Poisson utilizando o algoritmo BM3D com distâncias estocásticas e transformações de estabilização de variância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-04)
Abegão, Rodrigo Garcia
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Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-2729
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6988113472226135
Noise in images is a phenomenon present in several fields of academic research, dueto the fact that its presence in them can impair the analysis and interpretation of datacontained in them. Thus, generating significant implications in areas such as: medicine,biological sciences, astronomy and geology, among others.In the medical field, images generated by tomographs are degraded by a noise calledPoisson. This is a statistical and signal-dependent noise caused by the absorption andscattering phenomena caused during the interaction between the X-ray beam and matter.This type of noise is caused by several sources, including variations in light intensity,measurement errors, electromagnetic interference and electronic noise.There are several filters to mitigate the presence of Poisson noise in images. And, themost used techniques in this environment are non-local, such as BM3D. The purpose ofwhich is the similarity between small equivalent fragments in the image, called patchessuch that the state of the art generally adopts the Euclidean distance in cases of AWGN.This research proposes the use of stochastic distances in the BM3D algorithm toachieve results superior to the current state of the art. The incorporation of stochasticdistances enables the exploration of innovative approaches that take into account differentcharacteristics of data distributions. This approach significantly expands the possibilitiesfor analyzing and comparing random variables, providing a more comprehensive and detailedunderstanding of the relationships and patterns present in the data. To achievethese objectives, the variance-stabilizing technique known as VST was used to transformPoisson noise into AWGN. Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of using differentdistances, although performance depends on the specific type of noise present in the data.
Cercada pela graça e a serviço do amor: Relato de minha jornada com Deus na graduação em medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-05)
Penedo, Júlia Miranda
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Rocha, Sheyla Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4784568943530426
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-4439
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1038902037094147
This Final Course Assignment is part of the Pedagogical Project of the Medical Course at the Federal University of São Carlos. It is a critical-reflective Narrative based on my life experience so far, focusing on the perceptible grace of God throughout my journey, especially during the last 6 years of studying Medicine. The narrative addresses my experiences with Medicine since I was a child, focusing on the activities developed during my undergraduate studies in each of the three cycles that make up the course curriculum, highlighting my experience and learning in each of them, as well as other aspects that were part of my story between the years 2019 and 2024. In addition, the work also brings reports about my experience with “MedCélula”, a Christian group founded to help medical students grow together as medical students in the knowledge of who God is and who we are in Him. Furthermore, it comprises a final section, which includes deep reflections on what Medicine is, who God is, and how Medicine serves and is part of the grace and goodness of our Lord.
Modelagem matemática e métodos numéricos para a dispersão de poluentes: simulações em meios aquáticos e aéreos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-05)
Rocumba, Ludmila Vitória Ribeiro
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Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002
The growing environmental impact caused by human activities, stemming from industrialization and urbanization, along with the improper disposal of substances, necessitates enhancing the understanding of pollutant dispersion to mitigate their harmful effects on ecosystems. This undergraduate thesis aimed to study the behavior of pollutants in aquatic and aerial environments using mathematical modeling as a tool. For this purpose, the Partial Differential Equation of Advection-Diffusion and the Euler Equations were employed. The Advection-Diffusion Equation was numerically handled using the Finite Difference method, with a forward difference approximation for the temporal discretization, an Upwind scheme for the advective term, and a second-order centered approximation for the spatial discretization of the diffusive term. Meanwhile, the Euler Equations were discretized using the Lax-Friedrichs method, modified to account for numerical flux. Both models were implemented computationally using the Python programming language, and simulations were performed to analyze the pollutant’s behavior over time. It is expected that results from simulations like these can provide information for the creation of public policies and preventive measures aimed at mitigating the damage caused by pollutants, thereby contributing to environmental preservation.
Reflexão da minha trajetória no curso de medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06)
Abubakar, Obeedu
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Nordi, Aline Barreto de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9965335072268661
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-9796
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8738638029381200
This work presents a reflective analysis of my experiences throughout medical school, by focusing on the main educational curricular cycles of the medical school at UFSCar. Activities are divided into cycles such as first, second and third cycle or internship as recommended in our pedagogical project. Through personal accounts, I will address the main challenges I faced and also elaborate about my academic training, such as patients’ assistance, practice in hospital as well as other health facilities and how medical theory is transformed in real life situations. The reflections cover both technical and scientific development as well as personal transformation, highlighting how these experiences contributed to my training.
Condicionador de solo baseado em nanocompósito: TPS/nanoargila
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06)
Vieira, Henrique Otávio Salles
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Ferreira, Marystela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-8167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643343344559555
Projections indicate continued population growth, increasing food demand and putting pressure on increasingly depleted arable land. Soil conditioners are a good alternative in the search for greater soil efficiency, aiming to increase its productivity to meet the growing global demand for food. In this sense, thermoplastic starch (TPS) presents interesting characteristics for this purpose, while nanoclay (NA) shows potential to reinforce its polymeric mesh, generating new properties. Thus, these low-cost materials were combined to develop optimized formulations of 3%, 5% and 7% (w/w) of NA to TPS. FTIR experiments demonstrate that structural modifications occurred in the material when the two components were mixed, with greater intensity in TPS/NA7%, being visible in the SEM images. The TPS/NA7% sample was the one that swollen the most to TPS, with emphasis on slightly acidic and neutral media, being 32%, 39% and 21% at pH's 5, 7 and 9, respectively. The TPS/NA7% sample also had the lowest solubility, mainly in slightly acidic and slightly basic media, 30%, 25.4% and 24.4% for the respective pH's 5, 7 and 9. The neutral pH of the nanocomposites can guarantee their use in a wide variety of soils. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also higher in the nanocomposites to TPS, with a higher value in TPS/NA7%, indicating greater availability of nutrients for the medium in which they were found. Showing such superiority, TPS/NA7% was subjected to further experiments. Thus, performance tests of leaching, biodegradability, microbial activity and planting show that TPS/NA7% is the composite that presents a better release of NPK ions, as well as a lower release of CO2 and proliferation of microorganisms, and a higher productivity in seedling growth, reducing the dormancy effect in seeds. Finally, the TPS/NA7% composite stood out from the others and showed a product that not only showed improvement in the physical-chemical properties of the soil, but also economic viability and sustainability. Thus, this work also contributed to more sustainable and efficient agricultural practices
Acessando a comunidade de mesopredadores em uma região altamente fragmentada de mata atlântica a partir do eDNA e iDNA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06)
Pereira, Anderson Coimbra
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Saranholi, Bruno Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7501155211183288
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-3557
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
The Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse yet threatened biomes globally, with significant loss of its original area due to fragmentation and human expansion. The Pernambuco Endemism Center (CEP), located north of the São Francisco River mouth, is among the most devastated regions of this biome, hosting endemic species and high phylogenetic diversity, although its remaining areas are increasingly isolated and degraded. The fragmentation of CEP poses a serious threat to the survival of various species and undermines the ecological functioning of the biome, marking it as a priority area for conservation studies. Currently, large mammals are absent from the CEP due to intense anthropogenic pressure, and remaining predators are mesopredators, surviving in low densities and playing crucial ecological roles. This study focuses on the conservation of these mesopredators by detecting their presence to enhance knowledge of their distributions and identify priority areas for conservation. Innovative monitoring approaches are essential for understanding the presence of threatened species and guiding preservation actions. The objectives included identifying mesopredator presence in CEP forest fragments and pinpointing areas of conservation priorities for those species. Monitoring employed environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) techniques, analyzing water samples and stomach contents of flies and mosquitoes, respectively. Additionally, species distribution modeling (SDM) was conducted to identify areas with conservation potential for six mesopredator species recorded in the region: Leopardus pardalis, Didelphis aurita, Didelphis albiventris, Procyon cancrivorus, Nasua nasua, and Cerdocyon thous. Collections were made from 13 forest fragments in CEP, utilizing metabarcoding analyses with 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA markers to detect mesopredator species presence. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of eDNA and iDNA methodologies for monitoring low-abundance species in fragmented areas, identifying C. thous and D. albiventris in five of the analyzed fragments; the iDNA from flies and the 16S marker were more effective for target species identification. The SDM incorporated environmental, land cover, anthropogenic, and topographical variables to predict favorable occurrence areas for these species' conservation. The modeling outcomes forecast potential species distributions in response to the analyzed variables, identifying viable forest fragments for population protection. This study provides critical insights for conserving mesopredators and the overall faunal community in CEP. By identifying occurrence areas and potential habitats, the research aids in developing conservation strategies that can benefit local biodiversity. Thus, the present study not only advances knowledge about mesopredators but also reinforces the importance of integrated actions to protect the threatened fauna of the Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco.
Relato da experiência de um nômade no curso de medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06)
Kabawa, Mohamad
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Campos, Crispim Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964895672298869
This Course Conclusion Paper (TCC) is provided for in the Pedagogical Project of the Medicine Course at UFSCar. It is a Critical-Reflective Narrative based on my experience reports as a Syrian refugee student on this Undergraduate Course from 2019 to 2024, from the beginning of the course to the internship, highlighting how each stage contributed to my academic, personal and professional training. In addition to my experience with the extracurricular activities I have been involved in and my great interest in medical entrepreneurship, opportunities that have arisen with the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, I explore how the active problem-based teaching method has influenced my development and allowed me to take new paths in medicine.
Graus de ansiedade matemática em estudantes durante épocas de crises globais e sua relação com a motivação: uma análise de gênero
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06)
Oliveira, Laôr Fernandes de
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Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-6296
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Carmo, João dos Santos
Anxiety and motivation are significant factors in the school context, influencing both students' experiences and performance in a subject. During remote learning, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of mathematical anxiety levels among SESI-SP students was observed, as well as the relationship between this anxiety and motivation to study mathematics. The aim of this research was to analyze the levels of mathematical anxiety at two distinct moments: at the beginning of the return to in-person classes (August 2021) and after the stabilization of in-person classes (2022). Data collection was carried out in SESI-SP schools located in the Mogi Guaçu and Araras regions, with the participation of 945 students from the 5th and 9th grades of elementary school (n=749) and the 3rd year of high school (n=196). Of the total participants, 453 were female and 492 were male. For the descriptive analyses, data from participants who responded to both phases of the survey were used. The final sample, after matching, consisted of 101 participants. The data indicated that individuals identifying as female exhibited significantly higher levels of math anxiety, particularly in the moderate, high, and extreme ranges, compared to male participants, even after the return to in-person classes. These findings were further influenced by the global crisis context of the COVID-19 pandemic, showing that women with moderate to high math anxiety were more significantly affected. The results of the second assessment did not support the hypothesis that math anxiety levels would decrease, instead revealing significant gender differences. Notably, the impact of extreme math anxiety was more pronounced among females, aligning with existing literature that highlights their greater likelihood of experiencing heightened anxiety in response to mathematics. This underscores the need to develop and implement educational strategies that are both individualized and sensitive to gender-related aspects, with a focus on emotional and motivational support. Emphasis should be placed on approaches grounded in trial-and-success methods rather than traditional trial-and-error models.