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A narrativa como ferramenta pedagógica na formação médica: uma revisão de escopo analítico-reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03) Pereira, Laura Resende Guimarães; Brandão, Gustavo Muçouçah Sampaio; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4907806055657167; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-1512; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8695498207496227; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-5455
Narrative Medicine has been widely utilized in medical education over recent decades to develop skills and competencies related to empathy, critical reflection, and communication. However, there is limited systematic data in the literature regarding the actual impacts and applications of this tool in training new physicians. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize the current scientific knowledge on the pedagogical effects and uses of Narrative Medicine. Searches were conducted in the Medline, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases using descriptors selected according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Studies published between 2019 and October 2024, employing qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodologies and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, were included for analysis. The search yielded 32 articles, which were organized into three categories. A significant portion of the publications highlighted the benefits of Narrative Medicine in fostering various interpersonal skills.Additionally, certain programs demonstrated that narrative competence could serve as an agent of social transformation, aiding in the education of social determinants of health and supporting the implementation of anti-racist initiatives, for instance. Furthermore, the data suggests that Narrative Medicine is similarly effective in residency programs as in undergraduate training. Nonetheless, most studies present a low level of evidence, limiting the ability to draw broad generalizations. We recommend expanding research in this field, with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials.
Abordagens sustentáveis para a drenagem e o manejo de águas pluviais urbanas: uma análise a partir dos planos municipais e dos profissionais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré, SP (UGRHI-13)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03) Negro, Giovana Spinelli; Peres, Renata Bovo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893473544042413; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-3956
With the increase in extreme events resulting from climate change and their consequences (flooding, inundation, and erosion processes), combined with sanitation practices and the logic of stormwater management, new approaches to sustainable urban drainage and rainwater management have emerged. This study analyzed advancements in these approaches within master plans, sectoral plans, and other urban policy instruments across the 34 municipalities that comprise UGRHI 13, a study area selected due to the implementation of the Programa de Drenagem Sustentável e Revitalização de Rios Urbanos (Sustainable Drainage and Urban Rivers Revitalization Program). The research also examined municipal professionals’ perspectives on the current context and potential changes in approaches to urban drainage and sustainable rainwater management in municipalities within the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin. To achieve this, municipal documents were reviewed to identify laws, drainage policies, and public administrative structures supporting sustainable drainage and rainwater management initiatives, along with their interrelations and impacts across the 34 municipalities. Additionally, five municipalities — Araraquara, Dois Córregos, Lençóis Paulista, Pederneiras, and São Carlos—were selected for interviews with career public servants from sectors related to urban drainage. These interviews aimed to analyze challenges and explore potential pathways for transitioning to sustainable urban drainage models. In the analysis of municipal plans, principles of sustainable urban drainage and rainwater management were identified in 30 out of 113 documents, spanning 17 of the 34 municipalities in UGRHI 13. Among the excerpts related to these principles, 26 potential instruments for implementing non-conventional paradigms in drainage and rainwater systems stood out. The interviews also revealed specific but fragmented progress in adopting sustainable approaches to drainage and rainwater management systems. Several challenges were highlighted, including the lack of design standards and maintenance protocols for sustainable drainage techniques, limited funding to implement actions, insufficient training for involved professionals, and the workload burden on these professionals, which often renders sustainable approaches unfeasible or difficult to implement. The interviews also suggested actions to address these barriers. In conclusion, the study found that sustainable approaches to drainage and rainwater management are already being pursued in the UGRHI 13 municipalities, supported by both professionals and related public policies.
Filogenômica das moscas-das-frutas do gênero Anastrepha do complexo fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03) Santos, Edyane Moraes dos; Brito, Reinaldo Otávio Alvarenga de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-6255; Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5647631868534064; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-2815; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5451161211434932; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-2292
The challenge of defining taxonomic relationships among cryptic species is still an open question and can result in biased and imprecise classifications. This is because these species show little phenotypic variation despite significant evolutionary divergence. Phylogenomic analysis of cryptic species, with particular emphasis on fruit flies, plays a crucial role within the taxonomic and evolutionary scope, in addition to serving as a tool of significant relevance in the context of pest management. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the genus Anastrepha are economically important species in tropical and subtropical regions, causing extensive fruit crops losses due to their polyphagy and easy adaptation to different hosts. The family Tephritidae is among the largest families of Diptera and includes approximately 4,000 species across 500 genera, with around 1,500 species of fruit flies associated to annual losses. Due to the remarkable morphological similarities between the species in question, their identification is intrinsically linked to the use of morphometric studies, which, to date, are still in the initial stages of investigation for defining taxonomic groups and lineages. Species delimitation has proven to be a complex challenge within this group, resulting in the formation of imprecise clades and short branches, especially in the case of the specific entity of A. fraterculus, whose morphotypes continue to pose phylogenetic uncertainties. Through a comprehensive analysis of a large set of orthologous genes, we used several strategies to seek efficient subsets of select loci that are still able of accurately infer phylogenetic trees and identify different lineages of Anastrepha. By analyzing evolutionary rates, diversity indices, hypotheses of incomplete lineage classification, as well as the phenomena of introgression and gene flow between species, we aim to better understand the historical events that have made the differentiation of lineages and species within the genus Anastrepha a challenging, despite the extensive set of available data. In this context, we adopted an approach that uses several bioinformatics tools to identify regions in the genome that can provide additional insights into the divergences observed in the phylogenetic trees of Anastrepha.
Análise técnico-econômica para tecnologias de disposição da vinhaça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03) Morales, Gustavo Cestari; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3361
This work presents a techno-economic feasibility assessment of different alternatives for vinasse disposal, all based on simulations performed using the DWSim software, version 7.1.2. Currently, vinasse is predominantly used untreated for fertigation of sugarcane. However, there are alternatives that can reduce transportation costs, and the environmental impact caused by the disposal of untreated vinasse, in addition to adding value through electricity generation and decarbonization credits. The different alternatives evaluated include vinasse concentration at 3, 4, 5, and 6 times its volume, where each concentration level was considered as a distinct alternative. Additionally, fresh vinasse biodigestion associated with cogeneration and concentration (3x, 4x, 5x, and 6x) followed by biodigestion and cogeneration were evaluated. The objective of the evaluation was to determine whether any of these alternatives would be economically viable, using payback time as criteria, considering capital and operational costs as well as the associated revenues. The analysis also considered sensitivity to commodity and international exchange rate fluctuations. The use of biodigestion and cogeneration is only viable when the vinasse is concentrated, becoming progressively more viable as its volume is reduced, reaching the lowest payback time of 8.7 years. The use of concentration alone is more viable, as the primary source of revenue from these alternatives comes from reducing the cost of transporting vinasse by tanker trucks. Similarly, the payback time is gradually reduced as vinasse concentration increases, reaching a value of 8.1 years when concentrated 6x. The use of untreated vinasse for biodigestion is unfeasible, with no return on investment due to the high implementation costs caused by the large equipment sizes required.
Aspectos psicossociais e capacidade para o trabalho nos trabalhadores da saúde no contexto da Pandemia de COVID-19: estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-03) Martinez, Carolina Luciane Nogueira; Moriguchi, Cristiane Shinohara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4884773940352714; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-1771; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-8981; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1181955344356508; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2476-5836
Psychosocial factors at work result from the interaction between the work environment and human factors, such as capabilities and expectations, and can influence health, performance and work ability. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the working conditions of healthcare professionals (HCPs), and it is necessary to monitor the effects of the pandemic on psychosocial factors and work ability in this population. Objective: To assess psychosocial factors and work ability of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with a prospective follow-up of 36 months. A total of 1,211 workers participated in the baseline assessment in 2020, including 219 healthcare professionals (HCPs) and 992 non-healthcare professionals (NHCPs). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the short version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II-Br), and the Work Ability Index (WAI) at four time points: baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months after the baseline assessment. COPSOQ II-Br covers seven domains: work demands, organization and content, interpersonal relationships, work-individual interface, values in the workplace, health and well-being and offensive behaviors, composed of questions divided into eleven dimensions that measure exposure indicators (risks). The final version of COPSOQ II-Br was formulated and cross-culturally adapted for the Brazilian population. Data were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square and Cochran’s tests for inter- and intra-group comparisons, respectively. Results: Emotional demands, influence at work, predictability, general health, burnout, unwanted sexual attention, threat of violence, and violence were psychosocial factors of concern among HCPs. The possibility of development, meaning of work, commitment to work and role clarity were favorable factors in HCPs. Work ability was good in both groups and moments investigated. Conclusions: HCPs were exposed to some psychosocial risk factors that are unfavorable to their health and well-being, which deserve attention. The persistence of work risk factors demonstrates the need for long-term measures for worker health after emergency situations.