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A alfabetização científica e o desenvolvimento de situações desencadeadoras de aprendizagem: sobre a importância ecológica do uso da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Santos, Alessandro Cardoso
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Tedeschi, Wania
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5743322664981581
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-3574
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9394581165093179
This dissertation presents a qualitative study employing descriptive and interpretive approaches through the analysis of students' discourse. The research question guiding this study is: How do elementary school students participate in natural science activities within a learning-triggering situation aimed at scientific literacy? The objective is to analyze students' statements for indications of conceptual elements regarding the ecological use of water. The focus of the analysis lies in the students' interactions during a study activity, framed within a conceptual teaching proposal for the process of scientific literacy, involving hypothesis generation and problem-solving through local newspaper reports on water scarcity. The study aims to describe and interpret students' interactions in study activities, particularly during analytical debates and conceptual synthesis proposed in the Learning-Triggering Situation (LTS). Students' statements were analyzed to identify conceptual elements related to the ecological use of water and its historical importance during participation in a teaching activity designed to foster synthesis within the individual-group-class relational dynamic. Data for this study were collected during a pedagogical intervention involving thirty fifth-grade students at a public school in Campinas, São Paulo, in 2024. Classroom sessions were recorded in audio and video formats,transcribed, and analyzed using the theoretical framework of Cultural-Historical Theory, with an emphasis on conceptual teaching. The data analysis was grounded in the hypothesis that the pedagogical approach to science teaching, framed within an Everyday-Emerging Situation, prompted intentional expressions from students. These expressions indicated a conceptual synthesis and relationships between the specific problem presented in the activity—particularly issues related to water usage—and the general ecological concept, connecting to fundamental scientific concepts of ecology regarding water as a resource. As part of the outcomes of this research, an educational product was developed, synthesizing the actions of the Teaching-Guided Activity for the implementation of the Learning Trigger Situation conducted in the study.
Institucionalização da educação híbrida: um estudo sobre o uso de tecnologias digitais em instituições públicas de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Mauricio, Gustavo Carvalho
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-3645
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1121415260674004
This research aims to analyze the institutionalization of Hybrid Education, focusing on the incorporation of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) in face-to-face courses within public higher education institutions. It considers technical, communicational, normative, and pedagogical aspects. Data analysis was conducted with the support of the Parsif.al tool, whose methodology facilitated the extraction and synthesis of information. The research is based on a Systematic Literature Review, using the SciELO, Capes Journals, and Web of Science databases to map and analyze articles published between 2003 and 2023. The review addresses technical, communicational, normative, and pedagogical aspects involved in the implementation of Distance Education and Hybrid Education, aiming to systematize the knowledge already disseminated on the subject. The methodological process included selecting studies based on strict criteria, such as the presence of descriptors in the title, abstract, or keywords, resulting in the inclusion of 46 relevant articles. Additionally, the Institutional Development Plans of ten Brazilian Public Higher Education Institutions were analyzed, observing various scenarios related to DICT implementation and integration strategies. The research suggests that, to achieve an effective integration of Hybrid Education in these institutions, it is essential to invest in well-defined institutional policies, ensure continuous technical support, and adapt pedagogical practices to meet the needs and challenges of the current educational context. These elements are essential for fostering a dynamic teaching and learning experience aligned with the demands of an increasingly digital society.
Aplicando criptografia no formato de rotação por estações de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Lima, Eduardo Rodrigues
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Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8244087426759161
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-9339
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1893084099794582
This paper explores the use of cryptography in the classroom with 8th and 9th grade classes in a regular school in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The content was covered in 6 class hours (300 minutes), starting with theoretical concepts already studied, such as prime numbers and divisibility, and moving on to the practical application of the activity of rotating through learning stations. In these activities, students faced deciphering and coding challenges, educational games, and individual and group tests. Although the RSA method requires knowledge of congruence and modular arithmetic, the coding and decoding steps were adapted to facilitate student understanding. The process involved moments of discussion, collaborative practice, competition, and fun, contributing to the development of new skills and the review of Mathematical concepts already worked on. The objective was to investigate the integration of Mathematical theory with practical activities, allowing students to see Mathematics beyond the abstract. With this approach, topics often seen only in theory gain a new perspective and become closer to the students' reality.
Entre a terra e o céu: habitação, verticalização e dinâmicas urbanas em São José do Rio Preto/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Lisbôa, Cristian Roberto Nazareth
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Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-7615
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6793401519214462
This study analyzes residential verticalization and urban space use in São José do Rio Preto, a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo, which has experienced intense growth in its real estate sector and significant transformations in its urban landscape over the past two decades. Set within a context of housing financialization and hyper-commodification, the phenomenon of vertical urbanization, increasingly present in cities across various global contexts, has profoundly shaped the spatial configurations and socio-economic and cultural dynamics of urban spaces. The research investigates how this trend manifested in São José do Rio Preto between 2000 and 2022, promoting substantial changes in the urban landscape and impacting the lives of its residents. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, the study evaluates the factors driving verticalization, exploring its causes, characteristics, and implications. The results reveal a significant increase in the number of apartments in the city, driven by factors such as changes in urban legislation, market pressures, and the activities of major urban developers, whose capital is frequently influenced by external markets. Spatial analysis, complemented by modeling techniques and the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), demonstrates an unequal distribution of verticalization across the Administrative Regions of São José do Rio Preto, with high-standard developments concentrated in the most valued areas; this growth pattern accentuates socio-economic and spatial disparities, relegating the lower-income population to peripheral areas. The study also broadens the analysis to the context of metropolitan regions in São Paulo, highlighting the polarization of verticalization in core cities, such as São José do Rio Preto and Ribeirão Preto, reinforcing their centrality as regional hubs of vertical development. The research further explores the growth dynamics of cities within the São José do Rio Preto Metropolitan Region, noting a localized expansion of verticalization in these areas, albeit with less impact than observed in the core city. This research contributes to the debate on the impact of verticalization on housing and urban development, considering the local setting and its connection to the regional context. It concludes that, although verticalization promotes urban densification, it also contributes to socio-spatial exclusion and the widening of inequalities, underscoring the need for more inclusive and sustainable public policies.
Experiências auto relatadas de ambientes de atividades (SEAS-BR): validade para o Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Peruzzo, Caroline Fernanda Bella
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Pfeifer, Luzia Iara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9065968448027440
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-1968
;
Branco
The Self-Reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS) is a 22-item instrument designed to assess youths’ experiences in leisure activities, considering five areas: Personal Growth, Psychological Engagement, Social Belonging, Meaningful Interactions, and Choice and Control. The Brazilian version, SEAS-BR, was culturally adapted to assess the leisure experiences of Brazilian youth, being relevant for occupational therapy and inclusive interventions due to the lack of similar instruments. Objective: To validate the Brazilian version of SEAS-BR (Study 1) and to compare the choices of leisure activities of youths with typical development and physical disabilities (Study 2). The specific objectives were: (1) to evaluate its applicability in typical youths and those with physical disabilities (internal consistency); (2) to investigate discriminant validity between groups; (3) to verify the influences of gender, context, performance, and partners on the choice of activities. Method: Participants were 75 Brazilian young people, aged 14 to 23 years (50 with typical development and 25 with physical disabilities), fluent in Portuguese and with typical cognitive development (classified by the Mini Mental State Examination). Data were collected remotely (Google Forms and Google Meet) and in person (at locations chosen by the participants). Analyses were performed in SPSS 21, using the ChiSquare, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: In study 1, the SEAS-BR showed high internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 for typical young people and 0.91 for young people with physical disabilities. No significant differences were found between the remote and in-person collection modalities, indicating that both modalities are viable. Significant differences were observed between the typical and physically disabled groups in items related to mood (“excited”) and feelings during activities (“fun” and “interested”). In study 2, the leisure preferences of young people reflected sociocultural trends: boys preferred physical activities, while girls chose artistic and cultural practices. Young people with physical disabilities demonstrated greater adherence to sports activities, highlighting the importance of inclusive adaptations. Of the leisure categories, 9.3% of participants chose screenbased activities, 10.6% opted for musical activities, 44% for artistic and cultural activities, and 36% for sports activities. Significant differences were found in relation to learning new skills, improving in some activity, having good conversations, and personal development. Most young people (78.6%) chose group leisure activities, and these activities were associated with feelings of belonging, appreciation, and support, in addition to meaningful interactions, such as conversations and sharing of ideas. Conclusion: The SEAS-BR was validated as a reliable tool to assess the leisure experiences of typical young people and those with physical disabilities. This study reinforces the importance of expanding accessible and inclusive leisure options.
Competências e necessidades de formação para o atendimento de crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias em situação de abuso sexual: perspectivas de conselheiros tutelares.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Vicente, Aparecido Renan
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Girão, Fernanda Berchelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9999840170649511
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-0519
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Carlos, Diene Monique
Child and adolescent sexual abuse remain a challenge to the health of children, adolescents and their families. Despite being legitimized and the first access in situations of rights violations, the Guardianship Council has weaknesses in terms of dealing with these situations. Objective: It is to understand the competencies and training needs of guardianship counselors for the care of children, adolescents and their families in situations of sexual abuse. Methods: This study was developed based on a scope review and a qualitative approach. The review followed the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute, with the following guiding question: What educational technologies are used to support the care of sexual violence against children and adolescents? Eight electronic libraries and databases were searched in March and April 2023, namely: Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD); VHL - Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences;PubMed; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); Embase Biomedical AnswersScopus; Web of Science; ProQuest Dissertations; and American Psychological Association (APA PsycInfo). Regarding the qualitative study, it was anchored in the Paradigm of Complexity. The participants were 25 guardianship counselors recruited from snowball sampling. Data collection was performed in February and March 2023, through focus groups and semi-structured interviews on virtual platforms. Data analysis was carried out through reflective thematic analysis. Results: Concerning the scoping review, 14 studies were included. The technologies used to support the care of sexual abuse against children and adolescents were mostly classes with traditional methodologies, based on the discussion of concepts, consequences, identification and referrals in the face of this episode. In the qualitative study, three final themes appeared, namely: "Complexity of sexual abuse against children and adolescents"; "The performance of the Guardianship Council in the care of children, adolescents and their families in situations of sexual abuse"; and "Sexual abuse protection network involving children, adolescents and their families". Conclusions: The complexity necessary to understand and consequent care for sexual abuse was evidenced, especially because this violence happen in situations that involve and are interwoven with family, historical, cultural and social elements. To act in this context, there is a need to develop competencies that contemplate a polyocular vision, guided by humanization, welcoming, care coordination and comprehensiveness. The following implications were listed for the practice: (1) the development of skills for guardianship counselors who notice the multiplicity of elements present in the configuration of sexual abuse; (2) the permanent education of these professionals based on the realities experienced, covering topics such as humanization and welcoming, integrality of care, coordination of the care network; (3) the development of dialogued practices among the services present in the System for the Guarantee of the Children and Adolescents Rights to overcome reductionist conducts.
Estudo comparado das propostas educacionais para surdos no Brasil e no Uruguai
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Pinto, Milena Maria
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Santos, Lara Ferreira dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312070448044165
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-9346
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4207519162784448
La educación de los estudiantes sordos debe considerar la diferencia lingüística y cultural de los sujetos, teniendo una propuesta que priorice el desarrollo del lenguaje y la lengua de instrucción, que es la lengua de señas. Las principales modificaciones en el sistema educativo en diversos países en esta área fueron impulsadas por el reconocimiento de las lenguas de señas y los movimientos de inclusión. A partir de las discusiones sobre la educación de los sordos en América Latina, esta investigación tiene como objetivo comprender la educación para estudiantes sordos en Brasil y Uruguay, siendo una investigación en educación comparada, con enfoque cualitativo. La metodología se organizó en dos etapas: la primera etapa fue la identificación y discusión de documentos oficiales de los países que orientan la educación de los sordos; y la segunda, una investigación de campo en contextos educativos, acercándose a la realidad de los estudiantes sordos de dichos países. Se analizaron tres documentos oficiales brasileños, uno sobre el reconocimiento de la Libras, y los otros sobre la propuesta de educación bilingüe para sordos; y dos documentos uruguayos, uno sobre el reconocimiento de la LSU, y otro sobre aspectos de un modelo plurilingüe, intercultural y pluritecnológico para estudiantes sordos. En la investigación de campo, se realizaron observaciones y registros en un diario de campo de visitas realizadas a dos escuelas en Brasil y a una escuela en Uruguay. A partir de la interpretación de los datos, se definieron ejes temáticos para las reflexiones comparativas, siendo: organización y modelo educativo; enseñanza y uso de las lenguas; relaciones sociales; y al concluir los ejes presentados, discutimos el desarrollo lingüístico y el aprendizaje. Los resultados indican que los conceptos en los modelos educativos guían las prácticas de los profesionales, siendo una diferencia importante que el "plurilingüe" permite mayor libertad y circulación de las lenguas involucradas en la enseñanza, siendo menos rígido. Además, destacamos la importancia de ampliar las discusiones sobre la Educación Infantil y el papel del profesional sordo. Indicamos la necesidad de profundizar las discusiones sobre los modelos educativos ofrecidos, especialmente en relación a los conceptos bilingüe y plurilingüe, reflexionando desde una perspectiva de diferencia lingüística, (re)pensando las experiencias de los estudiantes sordos con el fin de fomentar el desarrollo humano en y a través de la lengua de señas, de forma que sea central en el desarrollo de los estudiantes sordos.
Estimativa de emissão de gases de efeito estufa e captura de carbono em fazenda de pecuária no Centro-Oeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Silva, Guilherme Amorim Ventriche Favero da
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Costa, Vinicius Câmara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6162409795305177
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7297-0853
;
Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto de
According to the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (ABC+), among the various strategies for recovering degraded areas, the introduction of integrated systems stands out as a highly profitable and sustainable alternative. The implementation of these systems promotes significant improvements in productivity, soil quality, and ecosystem balance, generating socio-economic and environmental benefits. In this context, the present study quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through an inventory prepared according to the 2006 IPCC guidelines, in an area located in Serranópolis, Goiás. Four distinct scenarios were analyzed: Livestock-Forest Integration (ILF), Managed Pasture 1 (MP 1), Managed Pasture 2 (MP 2), and Eucalyptus Monoculture (EM). All systems originated from the conversion of a PM 1 area. To understand the dynamics of carbon stock, soil organic carbon, and the humification index of organic matter in each scenario, chemical and physical analyses of soil elements were performed using advanced photonic technologies such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIFS). The carbon footprint results indicated the following values: 14.7 kg CO₂eq kg⁻¹ of live weight gain (LWG) for the ILF system, 10.9 kg CO₂eq kg⁻¹ LWG for MP 1, and 17 kg CO₂eq kg⁻¹ LWG for MP 2. When considering the carbon balance, integrating all emission sources and carbon sequestration by aerial biomass in the IPF and EM systems, a negative balance of 15,267.33 tCO₂eq year⁻¹ was observed. Estimates suggest that carbon sequestration in the ILF system reached 5,673,439.2 kg CO₂eq year⁻¹, sufficient not only to offset all GHG emissions from this system but also to generate a potential credit of 4,547,484.03 kg CO₂eq year⁻¹. Additionally, the conversion from MP 1 to ILF indicated a soil carbon accumulation of 2.45 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, equivalent to the absorption of 8.98 t CO₂ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from the atmosphere. For the EM system, considering the same baseline scenario and a period of 10 years after eucalyptus planting, a soil carbon accumulation of 0.24 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ was estimated, corresponding to the absorption of 0.88 t CO₂ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from the atmosphere. These results highlight the relevance of integrated systems in the context of sustainable agriculture aligned with global climate goals.
Telereabilitação para a dor no ombro: efetividade do tratamento e autoeficácia para exercícios domiciliares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Gava, Vander
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Camargo, Paula Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-4353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9044224368702971
Shoulder pain is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition that imposes significant limitations on individuals' functionality and quality of life. Telerehabilitation is an emerging intervention that leverages digital technologies to deliver physical therapy remotely, potentially overcoming accessibility barriers. Additionally, psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy play a critical role in adherence to rehabilitation programs, necessitating valid tools for their measurement. This thesis integrates a systematic review, a translation and validation study, and a randomized controlled trial to explore the effectiveness of telerehabilitation and its interaction with self-efficacy in individuals with shoulder pain. Study 1 Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of telerehabilitation in improving pain and disability in individuals with shoulder pain. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane. Randomized controlled trials investigating telerehabilitation’s effects on pain and disability in individuals with shoulder pain were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the evidence level was graded using the GRADE approach. Results and Conclusion: Six randomized controlled trials with 368 participants were included. Low evidence suggested no difference between telerehabilitation and in-person physiotherapy or home-based exercise programs for pain and disability. Telerehabilitation was superior to advice-only interventions in improving pain (effect size: 2.42) and disability (effect size: 1.61). Despite its potential, the low quality of evidence underscores the need for further high-quality trials to support telerehabilitation’s routine use. Study 2 Objective: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs Scale (SEHEPS) from English to Brazilian Portuguese in individuals with chronic shoulder pain. Methods: The SEHEPS was translated and culturally adapted following international guidelines. Psychometric properties, including reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness, were assessed in a sample of individuals with shoulder pain over a 12-week clinical trial. Construct validity was examined through correlations with the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale (CPSS) and the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS). Results and Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese SEHEPS demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.73) and internal consistency (α = 0.93). Construct validity was supported by moderate correlations with CPSS (ρ = 0.45) and EARS (ρ = 0.46). Responsiveness to clinical changes was confirmed over the intervention period. These findings validate the SEHEPS as a robust instrument for assessing self-efficacy in home exercise programs, with applications in clinical and research contexts. Study 3 Objective: To compare the effectiveness of telerehabilitation and in-person physiotherapy for treating individuals with chronic shoulder pain in a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 184 participants were randomized into telerehabilitation or in-person physiotherapy groups. Both groups underwent a 12-week exercise program targeting scapulothoracic muscles. Primary outcomes included pain and disability, measured by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Secondary outcomes included self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, and satisfaction. Results and Conclusion: Telerehabilitation was not significantly different to in-person physiotherapy in improving SPADI scores (mean difference = -1.97; 95% CI: -9.10, 5.15) and comparable in reducing kinesiophobia and improving upper limb function. Non-inferiority remained inconclusive, however. Self-efficacy and satisfaction scores were higher in the in-person group. These results highlight telerehabilitation as a feasible and effective alternative, particularly for individuals with limited access to traditional care.
Atenção compartilhada e crianças pequenas com autismo: ensino de resposta e verificação da emergência da iniciativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Morais, Maria Rafaela Fernandes de
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0584477226841026
Joint attention refers to a set of behaviors that allow an individual to engage with a social partner and an object of common interest. The literature on child development considers that the ability to share attention contributes to the development of language and other more complex behaviors. Children with autism tend to present more significant deficits in joint attention than typical children. In this sense, it is crucial to develop objective measures to assess and intervene early in behavioral deficits that impact the development of this population. The present research aimed to teach shared attention response behaviors and verify the emergence of the initiative. Three children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, aged between 4 and 5 years, participated in the research. A multiple-probe design was adopted, and the Baseline and Probe measurements were adopted, and the teaching procedure employed adaptations of three tasks from the Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS). The results indicated that the three children learned to respond to shared attention for the three tasks, but there was no emergence of the initiative to share attention. The procedure was efficient in teaching the behaviors of responding to shared attention, however, new studies must be carried out to analyze proximal and distal responding in tasks and their implications for the emergence of new performances.
Efeito de gradientes de distúrbio na estruturação, composição e diversidade de interações de redes hospedeiro-parasitoide
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Siqueira, Matheus Alves de
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Montoya, Carolina Reigada
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5171685489598372
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-219X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9571183691947239
Landscape modifications resulting from the effects of fragmentation and habitat loss alter their physical structure and connectivity, influencing the availability and quality of resources, environmental factors, and the distribution patterns of local communities. In this context, the diversity of interactions established and the complexity of interaction networks between species are key factors for stability and ecosystem functions in these landscapes. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the composition and organization of local communities and trophic interaction networks can be important tools for studies focused on the assessment, monitoring, development of strategies, and recovery of natural landscapes that have experienced or are experiencing anthropogenic disturbances or natural disruptions. Aiming to understand the impact of landscape alteration dynamics on community structure, this study aimed to estimate the abundance, species richness, complexity, and diversity of interaction networks in communities of parasitoid Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera on Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae) in areas with different gradients of preservation and disturbance, including: a Permanent Forest area, two areas with different restoration strategies (a Reforestation Area with natural processes and an Agro-silvopastoral System Area with anthropogenic processes), and an edge area between pasture and forest in restoration (non-restored area) at Fazenda Canchim, located in São Carlos – SP. Quantitative and descriptive analyses were used to estimate and compare biodiversity and species distribution in the four study areas, as well as the use of bipartite networks to study the structure, diversity, and organization of host-parasitoid interaction networks in the areas that compose the landscape as a whole.
Desidrogenação do ácido fórmico para produção de H2: desenvolvimento de catalisadores heterogêneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-13)
Grasser, Giovanna de Amorim
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8470378618887810
The study addresses the dehydrogenation of formic acid as a sustainable alternative for hydrogen production, emphasizing the development of heterogeneous catalysts. The growing interest in hydrogen as an energy carrier, combined with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, positions formic acid as a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC). With high energy storage potential and low toxicity, its selective dehydrogenation, generating H₂ and CO₂, is essential for applications in clean energy systems. The study highlights advancements in heterogeneous catalysis, exploring mono- and multimetallic catalysts, as well as supports and additives that enhance efficiency and stability. Catalysts based on Pd, metal alloys, and the use of supports and amine bases are shown to be strategic, especially when combined with approaches that reduce costs and improve catalytic performance. Finally, the understanding of reaction mechanisms and the integration of sustainable materials point to viable solutions aligned with the global energy transition
Desenvolvimento de matrizes carbonáceas derivadas de casca de arroz e CMK-3 para baterias de lítio-enxofre: caracterização e aplicação em coin cells
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Ruellas, Thamara Machado de Oliveira
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Agostini, Marco
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-8894
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) emerge as a promising alternative for energy storage, gaining renewed international interest due to their high theoretical energy density and the low cost of sulfur. However, they still face challenges, such as sulfur’s low electrical conductivity, the shuttle effect caused by soluble polysulfides, and volumetric expansion during cycling, which can compromise performance and lifespan. In this thesis, first- and second-generation carbonaceous materials derived from rice husk (RHC) and mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), respectively, were developed and characterized, focusing on their application as cathode materials in LSBs. For the development of CMK-3, SBA-15 was used as a mesoporous template, followed by an optimized washing protocol that ensured efficient removal of residual silica, resulting in a carbonaceous matrix with high surface area and suitable porosity for sulfur infiltration. Sulfur infiltration studies showed that silica content influences the optimal infiltration temperature, which is 155 °C for CMK-3 with low silica content and 165 °C for both CMK-3 with high silica content (CMK-3_SiO2) and RHC. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that CMK-3 with low silica content achieved a specific capacity of up to 771 mAh/g, with a capacity retention of around 75% after 150 cycles at C/10. In contrast, RHC, even without additional treatments for silica removal, exhibited significant cycle stability, maintaining a capacity close to 500 mAh/g over prolonged cycling. The addition of Nb2O5 nanofibers as a coating on RHC/S electrodes promoted faster stabilization of specific capacity and sustained stability over 150 cycles. Optimizing cell assembly parameters, including the selection of a Whatman glass fiber separator and proper electrolyte distribution, was essential for enhancing electrochemical performance. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of the developed materials for applications in lithium-sulfur batteries and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms, paving the way for future research and technological innovations in the field.
Proposta de um espaço educador virtual para o CECFAU – Centro de Conservação de Fauna Do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Bueno, Giovanna Cristine de Sena
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Cardoso-Leite, Eliana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-2576
;
Silva, Rosana Louro Ferreira
This study addresses the importance of environmental education in the context of biodiversity conservation, with a focus on endangered species maintained by the Wildlife Conservation Center of the State of São Paulo (CECFau). The main objective was to understand the perspectives and experiences of the CECFau technical team in order to develop a Virtual Educational Space, a tool aimed at raising public awareness about wildlife conservation by integrating key conservation concepts. To achieve this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with CECFau technicians to identify essential themes for shaping the educational space, emphasizing the need to increase public knowledge about the existence and goals of CECFau, as highlighted by the interviewees. The Virtual Educational Space serves as a resource to increase CECFau's visibility by utilizing virtual, audiovisual, and interactive tools, and by developing interactive materials that provide access to the center’s technical-scientific knowledge while encouraging community involvement. Activities include a 3D virtual tour, a video, and a game. The virtual tour offers an immersive experience of the habitats and introduces the animals of CECFau. The video clarifies concepts related to ex-situ and in-situ conservation in an integrated manner, while the game, using a "conflict theater" methodology, promotes the development of concepts related to wildlife conservation through the interactive and dynamic resolution of problem-based scenarios. Thus, the project has demonstrated its potential for CECFau’s educational actions, which can foster greater integration between science, community, and conservation policies.
Unraveling the mechanism of CH3CH2OH dehydrogenation on m-ZrO2(111) surface, Au13 cluster, and Au13 cluster/m-ZrO2(111) surface: a DFT and microkinetic modeling study
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Morais, Leonardo Henrique de
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Andres, Juan
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Gouveia, Amanda Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5922614139360461
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1053052803420461
In this study, we investigate the dehydrogenation of ethanol and the production of CH3CHO and H2 on the m-ZrO2(111) surface, an Au13 cluster, and Au13/m-ZrO2(111) surface, using density functional theory simulations. Our primary objective is to elucidate the reaction mechanisms through thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of these catalytic processes, identifying the transition states. To further validate these findings, we employ a microkinetic model to calculate the rate constants, offering a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathways involved. First-principles calculations were conducted using the Quantum ESPRESSO package, applying the BEEF-vdW functional for exchange and correlation interactions. The model systems were constructed in a two-dimensional supercell with periodic boundary conditions in the x and y directions, while a vacuum layer of 15 Å was introduced along the z direction to avoid interactions between periodic supercell slabs. The ethanol dehydrogenation process on both the m-ZrO2(111) surface and the Au13 cluster proceeds via two fundamental steps: the initial cleavage of the O–H bond in ethanol, yielding a CH3CH2O intermediate, followed by the formation of H2. The O–H bond dissociation occurs through interactions with lattice oxygen on the m-ZrO2(111) surface or low-coordination Au atoms in the Au13 cluster. While microkinetic modeling reveals relatively low rate constants for this pathway, the Au13/m-ZrO2(111) composite introduces an additional step in which a hydrogen atom migrates from the m-ZrO2(111) surface to the Au13 cluster. Despite this added step, our analysis shows that the activation energies for all three transition states are comparable, with the Au13/m-ZrO2(111) system demonstrating lower energy barriers and more favorable rate constants for ethanol dehydrogenation. These findings highlight the potential of Au13 clusters supported on m-ZrO2(111) for efficient and selective production of CH3CHO and H2, offering key insights for the design of advanced catalytic systems.
Mulheres negras na construção do movimento Pan-Africano do início do século XX
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Santos, Fernanda Vieira da Silva
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Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-2805
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2007812280080118
Pan-Africanism was a cultural, philosophical, social, and political movement that sought to unify the Black diaspora and advocate for their return to the African continent. Prominent figures such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Kwame Nkrumah, and George Padmore are widely recognized within this movement. However, lesser-known contributors, including Addie Waites Hunton, Ida Alexander Gibbs Hunt, and Amy A. Garvey, remain underrepresented in historical narratives. This research aims to systematize their participation and highlight their contributions to Pan-Africanism. The central hypothesis posits that these women made significant contributions to the movement, particularly within the academic and political domains of Black feminism. Grounded in the theoretical perspectives of Collins (2016) and Perry (2009), this study examines the marginalization of Black women in intellectual discourse and their political engagement in such movements. The life trajectories of Addie, Ida, and Amy provide a foundation for reflecting on these themes. Methodologically, the study adopts an approach likened to embroidery, stitching together narratives that position these women as pivotal actors in the Pan-African movement. This process reconstructs the "framework" of their historical presence and significance. In conclusion, the findings reveal that these women played indispensable roles in the development of Pan-Africanism. They articulated a distinct perspective that interconnected race, gender, and class in the broader struggle for political and cultural liberation. This research contributes to the field of diaspora studies and Black agency by integrating their overlooked contributions into the larger narrative of Pan-Africanism.
Analysis of 24-hour physical behaviours among office workers: approaches, impacts of the pandemic, and methodological considerations
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Silva, Luiz Augusto Brusaca de Azevedo Laureano da
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Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-0292
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947421197401973
Introduction: Physical behaviours over a 24-hour day—including sitting, standing, moving, and sleeping—are critical to health. Office workers, particularly those who are overweight or obese, are at risk of developing health issues due to prolonged sedentary time. The COVID-19 pandemic further complicated physical behaviour patterns, especially with the shift to remote work. While interventions to change physical behaviours exist, little is known about their effectiveness in high-risk populations or how study design factors influence the accuracy of observed group differences in physical behaviours. This thesis aimed at addressing these gaps through three different studies: (1) evaluating the effectiveness of different intervention approaches to improve 24-hour time-use (e.g., decrease sitting), (2) investigating the impact of work location and weight status on temporal patterns of physical behaviours during the pandemic, and (3) examining the methodological factors influencing the accuracy of group differences in 24-hour time-use. Study 1 – Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the traditional “reduce sitting at work approach” and the “24-hour time-use approach” in modifying 24-hour time-use compositions of physical behaviours among overweight and obese office workers. Methods: A non-randomized pilot study was conducted with 45 office workers assigned to three groups: “Reduce sitting at work” (n=15) receiving an intervention focused on reducing sitting time at work; the “24-hour” (n=15) receiving an intervention aiming to reduce sitting at work as well as promoting behavioural changes around 24 hours (e.g., sedentary lifestyle, benefits of physical activity, and healthy sleep hygiene); or “control” (n=15) without any intervention. Daily time spent in physical behaviours (sitting, standing, active, and in bed) was monitored for 7 days using a thigh-worn accelerometer at baseline, and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Intervention effects were analysed using linear mixed models, with a compositional data analysis approach. Results and Conclusion: No significant advantage of the “24-hour time-use approach” over the “reduce sitting at work approach” was observed. Both intervention approaches resulted in reduced sitting time and increased standing time compared to the control group at 3-month follow-up, but these effects were not sustained at 6-month follow-up. Domain-specific (i.e., work and leisure) analysis revealed that minimal changes occurred during leisure hours. Workplace-delivered interventions remain limited in promoting consistent behaviour changes throughout the entire day. Study 2 – Objective: To examine differences in temporal patterns of physical behaviours, assessed using accelerometry, on working and non-working days among normal-weight (body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) office workers who were either working exclusively at the office (WAO) or exclusively from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 43 workers WAO (21 normal-weight and 22 overweight) and 73 workers WFH (33 normal-weight and 40 overweight). Physical behaviours were assessed for 7 days using a thigh-worn accelerometer, and compositions were analysed using compositional data analysis approach. Two-way analysis of covariance was used to test differences in behaviours during working days and non-working days, with workplace and weight status entered as between-subject factors, controlling for gender and age. Results and Conclusion: During working days, workers WFH spent more time sitting and in bed, with less temporal variation in behaviours, compared to workers WAO. Overweight workers spent more time sitting and exhibited less temporal variability in sitting behaviours than normal-weight workers. On non-working days, behaviours did not differ significantly by work location, while overweight workers spent more time sitting in total, and less time sitting in short and moderate uninterrupted bouts compared to normal-weight workers. These findings highlight the need for interventions to address prolonged sitting and low variability in behaviours, particularly among workers WFH and overweight workers. Study 3 – Objective: To determine how the number of participants in an overweight and a normal-weight group, the number of measurement days per participant, and balancedness of group sizes influence the accuracy of group differences in 24-hour physical behaviours. Methods: Simulated datasets based on real accelerometry data from 225 office workers (103 overweight and 122 normal-weight) were used to examine 96 (8x4x3) sampling strategies. Trueness (the size of the difference), precision (the 95% confidence interval width), and likelihood of significant group differences were evaluated under varying the total number of participants (8 alternatives: 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126, 144), the number of working days per participant (4 alternatives: 1, 2, 3, 4), and the balance between populations (3 alternatives: ratios 1:1 [balanced], 1:2 [unbalanced favouring normal-weight], and 2:1 [unbalanced favouring overweight]). Results and Conclusion: Trueness (i.e., bias) was influenced by the number of measurement days but not by the number of participants. Precision improved with more participants and days, and balanced samples provided more precise estimates. Future studies should carefully balance participant recruitment and measurement days to optimize accuracy and cost-efficiency.
Avaliação da compatibilização de planos de bacia hidrográfica, diretor urbanístico e saneamento básico. Estudo de caso: municípios da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pardo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Rezende, Danilo
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Ventura, Katia Sakihama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0212306491897703
The river basin plans, urban master plans and basic sanitation plans are planning instruments provided for, respectively, in Federal Laws No. 9,433/97, 10,257/01 and 11,445/07. These laws determine that the plans must be compatible with each other, however, they do not provide means to assess this condition. In this sense, the objective of this research was to propose a conceptual model for assessing the compatibility between river basin plan, urban master plan and basic sanitation plan and to apply it in 7 municipalities of the Pardo River Basin (BH-Pardo). The methodology is exploratory, with an inductive approach and application in a case study. The model developed was called the Plan Compatibility Assessment System (SACP), and is composed of compatibility indexes between the Urban Master Plan (PDU) x River Basin Plan (PBH), Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan (PMSB) x PBH, PMSB x PDU and PMSB x PDU x PBH. The application of the SACP in BH-Pardo allowed to verify that Brodowski's plans are “compatible” and the plans of the other municipalities (Cravinhos, Jardinópolis, Ribeirão Preto, São José do Rio Pardo, Tambaú and Vargem Grande do Sul) are “satisfactorily compatible”, when assessing the three plans together (PMSB x PDU x PBH). The compatibility between the various planning instruments helps to minimize the environmental impacts resulting from urbanization, seeking a balance between human actions, the preservation of the environment and water resources.
O projeto crítico de Samuel Johnson no The Rambler: uma crítica literária entre os antigos e os modernos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Castro, Diego de
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-5766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3895196547774076
The aim of this thesis is to conduct a political reading of Samuel Johnson's literary criticism in his series of essays titled The Rambler (1750-52), initially published as a periodical. This analysis will demonstrate that the argumentative structure of Johnson’s literary criticism, in addressing the aesthetic debates of his era - particularly the quarrel between the ancients and the moderns - constitutes a critical project that, in its form, dramatizes the bourgeois intellectual’s attempt to reclaim an idealized sphere of early 18th-century England. This ideal space was represented by a bourgeois public sphere, a symbol of a historical moment characterized by an intimate connection between the literary critic and his reading public, a context increasingly eroded by the advancing productive forces of a new phase of capitalism and the dissolution of the Ancien Régime. As the central object of this study is Johnson’s literary criticism, this analysis will center on essays from Rambler numbers 1, 3, 4, 36, 37, and 156.
Detecção precoce de atraso neuromotor e déficits neurológicos em lactentes de risco biológico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida: estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-16)
Paz, Monique Maria Silva da
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1587172056553425
Typical motor development can be negatively influenced by biological risk factors. Monitoring the neuromotor development of these infants is essential to perform early detection of neuromotor delays and/or deficits in a qualitative and quantitative manner to predict future neuromotor outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously use the GMA, MOS-R, HINE, and IMP to understand neuromotor development. Thus, the objective of this study was to detect neuromotor delays or deficits early in the first four months of life in infants at biological risk. To this end, a cohort study was carried out, in which 30 infants were included in the risk group and 30 healthy full-term infants were included in the control group. The infants were assessed at two, three and four months and reassessed at six months of age. In addition to the Identification Form and the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale questionnaire, four other assessment instruments were used: the General Movements Assessment, The Motor Optimaly Score – Revised, Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and Infant Motor Profile. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and R Studio, with a significance level of 5%. It was possible to clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of early detection of neuromotor delays and/or deficits in the first four months of life in infants at biological risk to predict neuromotor outcome at six months. Signs of neuromotor alterations were observed in the first months, allowing us to infer which deficits in neuromotor performance are present in the biological risk groups and in full-term infants during the sixth month. In addition to the total scores of the instruments used at two, three, and four months of age, their subscores/domains were able to predict the risk of developmental delay. Among the four instruments, the HINE presented the best predictive capacity, being included as a predictor variable in all six regression models conducted in this study. Furthermore, the correlations between the environmental factors assessed by AHEMD-IS and the neuromotor results highlighted the importance of environmental enrichment for neuromotor development in the first six months of life. Given this, the need for early detection of neuromotor delays or deficits in infants at biological risk before four months of age is undeniable, enabling the implementation of early intervention programs during periods of greatest neuroplasticity.