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Avaliação da práxis em crianças menores de 3 anos sob a perspectiva da abordagem de integração sensorial de Ayres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Silva, Kátia Cezário da
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Pfeifer, Luzia Iara
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lattes.cnpq.br/9065968448027440
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-1968
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9114107048110250
The brain continuously receives and assimilates an uncountable number of sensory sensations from different organs of the body, producing motor and behavioral responses, so that a child can move and learn and thus behave in a productive and functional way. In this way, detecting and modulating sensory information from one's own body and the environment makes it possible to respond to the demands of everyday life (Ayres, 1972, 2004). However, when this process does not occur harmoniously, dysfunction in Sensory Integration is triggered. Ayres (1972, 2011) studied praxis difficulties and demonstrated how sensory dysfunctions can affect functional abilities, with praxis being a neurological process between cognition and motor action, while planning is the intermediate process that unites ideation with motor execution to allow adaptive interactions with the world (Ayres, 1972; Cermak; May-Benson, 2020). Ayres developed the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT) to evaluate and diagnose children aged 4 to 8 years and 11 months with these difficulties (Ayres, 1989; Lane; Bundy; Gorman, 2020). Although the development of praxis in Sensory Integration in early childhood was little studied by Ayres, since then, instruments have been developed to evaluate sensory dysfunctions. However, little research has been carried out with few assessment instruments to understand and diagnose the praxis of babies and young children. Objective: Identify in the literature praxis assessment instruments from the perspective of Sensory Integration for children aged 0 - 12 years and categorize the domains, adapt them, and create a new instrument that makes it possible to evaluate the praxis of children under 3 years of age. Method: This is a methodological research with a quantitative approach for the construction and elaboration of an evaluation instrument. Methodological studies are those that aim to develop new instruments, create protocols, in addition to translating, validating and adapting pre-existing instruments (Swan et al., 2023). According to the COSMIN guidelines, the process of creating an instrument has ten steps and this research will focus on the first 5 phases. In phase 1, a scoping review was carried out to verify the existence of instruments that assess children's praxis. In phases 2 and 3, the psychometric rigor of the instruments found was reviewed and analyzed. In phase 4 the “construct” is described and, finally, in phase 5, the domains and items of each instrument were studied. Results: In the literature review, 8,161 articles were found and, after the inclusion criteria, a total of 95 articles were analyzed. 36 assessment instruments were found, of which 14 assess praxis, none of which directly assess praxis in the age range from birth to 1 year and 5 months. Of the 14 instruments that include items that evaluate praxis, only 10 instruments were found that studied domains and items, these were organized into 2 categories: direct measurement assessments and indirect measurement assessments. Conclusions: A direct measurement instrument was not found to evaluate children aged 0 to 36 months and the need to understand the markers in the development of praxis was perceived in order to evaluate these children earlier. It is clear that, to delve deeper into this age group, the study of Sensory Integration will need to be in-depth and correlated to cognition, as the praxis of ideation, planning and sequencing are dependent on these integrated and coordinated processes. It will also be necessary to delve deeper into motor markers, as they all simultaneously act to support the evaluation of these children's praxis.
Avaliação do desempenho de microcontrolador com arquitetura RISC-V em relação a arquitetura ARM aplicado em processos contínuos utilizando o método de controle PID
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Silva, André Roberto da
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Aroca, Rafael Vidal
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9262228584082064
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-6493
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1738208783371178
The present work evaluated the performance of a microcontroller based on the open-source RISC-V architecture in comparison to another one with ARM Cortex-M0+ architecture, within the scope of applications in continuous process control systems. The control method used was PID (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative), applied in a booster pump system, with the reservoir water level as the controlled process variable. In addition to the two architectures, another variable investigated was the programming language used for firmware development; C/C++ and MicroPython were chosen. The project included the development of a hybrid hardware that supports two commercially available microcontroller platforms in the national market: one of them is LuatOS, an embedded system using the ESP32-C3 microcontroller with RISC-V architecture, and the other is the Raspberry Pi Pico, developed with the RP2040 microcontroller, which features an ARM Cortex-M0+ core. The results obtained from this work are useful for guiding the choice of architecture in the design and development of control devices. Due to the good performance shown by the MicroPython language during the testing phase, a block programming tutorial with the BIPES platform for PID control on embedded systems with a RISC-V core was developed, thus enabling greater accessibility to this emerging technology in automation and control projects.
Investigações sobre aprendizagem operante em abelhas sem ferrão (Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Penha, Lívia de Ângeli Silva
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Couto, Kalliu Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4680441845175818
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-1755
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
Bees have been used as an animal model for operant learning study. The present study aimed to verify some procedures and variables – such as the duration of the reinforcement, the variable ratio (VR) schedule and the variable interval (VI) schedule in the acquisition and maintenance of operant behavior in bees (Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides). To this end, electronically controlled automatic equipment was built, adapted from the equipment developed by Pessotti (1969), which was electromechanically controlled. The successful testing of the equipment and the animal model, using the pressure response or displacement of a lever (operandum) under well-known schedules, can enable a line of systematic investigation on learning in meliponas. Experiment 1 aimed to verify the effect of the duration for which the syrup used as a reinforcer was available at each visit to the experimental chamber, on the frequency of the response to moving the lever, which released access to the feeder. The procedure consisted of parametrically manipulating the time for which the syrup (50% concentrated sugar solution with lemon balm essence - Cymbopogon citratus) was available after each response.The durations of the presentation of the syrup were 6, 10, 15 and 30 s (the latter is the average value that a melipona quadrifasciata remains collecting the syrup at each visit, when the collection occurs uninterruptedly, until the filling of its honey vesicle). The fractionation of access to the syrup affected the response rate at each visit: the shorter the time, the more responses to the lever in the same visit and the higher the response rate in the session. The duration of 10 s was shown to be the minimum sufficient to maintain the consistency and systematicity of the meliponas' response. Experiment 2 verified the learning and maintenance of the moving a lever under the variable ratio (VR) schedule. Access to the syrup was maintained at 10 s and the response rate increased linearly with ratio size (up to VR 5), remaining stable over successive sessions. Experiment 3 verified learning and maintaining lever response under the variable interval (VI) schedule. The size of VI was manipulated parametrically, in ascending order, up to VI 30 s or VI 40 s. All bees learned the operant response and four completed the parametric manipulation. The response rate increased monotonically with the VI value and was replicated among bees. The results replicated those typically observed under VR and VI schedules in studies with other animal species. The reliable operation of the equipment and the maintenance of the bees' responses under intermittent schedules allows this behavior to be used as a baseline for the experimental investigation of the effect of other behavioral and environmental variables.
Desaguamento de lodo biológico de estações de tratamento de esgoto sanitário: uma abordagem microbiológica com Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans e Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Gonçalves, Jamile
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-1010
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5454612137750301
Sludge from Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) has high moisture content, a factor that adversely affects its disposal or reuse. In this regard, bioleaching, already known for its effectiveness in the treatment of metals, has demonstrated the simultaneous ability to promote dewatering. However, the high concentration of dissolved organic matter in the sludge has an inhibitory effect on microorganisms commonly used in this process, but when combined with acid-tolerant heterotrophic microorganisms, this effect can be minimized. Therefore, this study evaluated the dewatering of sludge from two STPs in tests with the bacterium Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Different inoculum concentrations, performance of the supernatants of the bacteria and yeast, as well as commercial synthetic surfactants were compared. Finally, the effect of coinoculation of the bacteria and yeast on the dewatering process was evaluated. Dewatering was measured by filtration time (TTF), specific filtration resistance (SRF) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) tests. In the treatment with A. thiooxidans, there was a greater reduction in TTF (8.3 ± 0.2 min) with 15% inoculum, concomitantly with a reduction in the concentration of proteins bound in EPS (71.3%, compared to the control). With R. mucilaginosa, a lower TTF (1.1 ± 0.2 min) was obtained with the lowest inoculum concentration (5%) and the percentage of proteins in the bound fraction was less than 10% in the three concentrations evaluated. Both supernatants, from bacteria and yeast, promoted improved dewatering (TTF of 1.5 ± 0.1 min and 1.2 ± 0.1 min, respectively). However, the most efficient dewatering was obtained with the co-inoculation of A. thiooxidans (15%) and R. mucilaginosa (5%), resulting in a TTF of 14 ± 2.4 seconds, 98.7% lower than the control sludge (17.9 ± 0.6 min), with a concentration of bound proteins in EPS 79% lower than the control. Kendall's correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the TTF and the concentration of proteins in the bound fraction of EPS, reinforcing the hypothesis that the reduction of bound proteins is favorable to dewatering. The co-inoculation test was replicated with sludge from another STP, demonstrating its applicability in other types of sludge. The combined supernatants of A. thiooxidans (15%) and R. mucilaginosa (15%), in turn, reduced the TTF by 90.0% compared to the control, and although it presents similar performance to co-inoculation, its practical application can be advantageous by allowing the reuse of biomass and dewatering potential in a shorter treatment time.
Síntese e caracterização de biomaterial a base de colágeno visando regeneração de tecidos cartilaginosos, nas áreas de medicina e odontologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Rodrigues, Adriane Colombo Liberale
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-6343
;
Branca
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COLLAGEN-BASED BIOMATERIAL FOR THE REGENERATION OF CARTILAGE TISSUE, IN THE AREAS OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY. The treatment of injuries of cartilaginous origin is a challenge for medical and dental surgeons, due to the low healing potential of human cartilage and the degree of discomfort that these injuries cause. Surgical intervention has still been widely used in attempts to fill cartilaginous defects. Thus, there is great interest in the development of bioabsorbable biomaterials that can be used to treat and repair these injuries. Type I and II collagens are used in tissue engineering as scaffolds for the treatment of cartilage injuries, due to their biocompatibility and broad clinical approval. In this work, potentially biocompatible blend formulations with increased mechanical resistance were developed, using Type 1 Porcine Collagen, Porcine Gelatin and PLGA 82/18, to support the development of a product intended for the regeneration of cartilaginous tissues; and a cost analysis was carried out for marketing the product. 18 samples were prepared, in different proportions, with and without cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The samples were characterized physicochemically and mechanically. The results indicated that the Porcine Gelatin and Collagen mixture is more promising than using pure collagen. The blend with PLGA increases the mechanical resistance of materials by more than 10 times while maintaining deformations of the same order or lower. The x-ray diffractograms showed that the samples have amorphous characteristics. The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of bands of functional groups characteristic of PLGA, collagen and gelatin and no peaks related to contamination were observed. In the in vitro cytotoxicity test, the samples showed no toxicity. The cost of PLGA, despite being the highest of all raw materials, is not decisive for the final value of the product. The formulations Collagen 50% + Gelatin 50%, and Blend 5: PLGA 40% + (Collagen 75% + Gelatin 25%) 60% proved to be more feasible from a manufacturing point of view, without difficulties in elaboration and conformation and presented good compression results.
Projeto e caracterização de molécula fotônica com três anéis acoplados para aplicações em sensoriamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Saraiva, Nathan Gonzaga
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Ferreira, Paulo Henrique Dias
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Barea, Luis Alberto Mijam
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7929868663210908
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3533001304926700
Photonic devices based on resonant cavities in the form of rings are capable of confining energy in the form of light, generating numerous applications such as compact optical sensors with high sensitivity. These cavities can be coupled forming an architecture with two or more rings, called Photonic Molecule (PM), in order to tune the resonances of the spectral response that no longer depend on the characteristics of a single cavity, breaking the intrinsic dependence between cavity radius, free spectral range and total quality factor, allowing compact and robust devices. In line with the immediate need to develop high sensitivity sensors and compact devices with low power consumption, this work aims to employ the unique properties of PMs and use a device with three coupled cavities, two of which are coupled inside an external cavity, which in turn is coupled to a waveguide. This PM will be simulated, fabricated and characterized on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, using standard-sized waveguides (450nm x 220nm), an outer ring with 20𝜇m radius and inner rings with equal radius of 9.4375𝜇m. The coupling distances between the inner rings and the outer ring must be equal to 150nm and the coupling distances between the outer ring and the waveguide buses must be equal to 200nm. This architecture will guarantee the generation of a spectrum that allows light to travel both clockwise and counterclockwise within the chip, increasing the possibilities of spectral control. As for application, detection windows opened over some specific regions of the PM will be used to guarantee displacements of resonances when light interacts with any target analyte positioned in these windows.
Diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde dos grandes geradores no município de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Pellegrini, Beatriz Tkaczuk
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-1387
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Pugliesi, Érica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
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Branco
Most municipalities in Brazil face problems with solid waste management, considering the stages of segregation at source, collection, packaging, destination and final disposal. Among the different types of waste, health service waste (HSW) stands out as a challenge for many cities. This research focuses on the city of São Carlos/SP and aims to carry out a diagnosis of the management of waste from health services in establishments considered large generators to understand the difficulties and problems faced in relation to segregation at source and packaging, as well as the related costs. The understanding of these factors is relevant because the municipality assumes the full costs of collection, treatment and final disposal of the HSW generated in its territory, burdening the citizens with services that should be paid for by the generators. To meet the objectives, the methodology used comprised (i) the monitoring of the collection of this waste in the large generators, (ii) the analysis of documentary data provided by the City Hall and by the company that performs this management using the standards and laws as a basis for verifying whether the management is meeting the expectations provided for in the legislation and (iii) sending questionnaires to those responsible for the internal management of the HSW to obtain data on how this management is being conducted. The results of the research showed some flaws in the process of segregation and packaging of HSW, as well as the lack of adequate containers for disposal in some establishments; in 100% of the studied generators inadequate segregation and disposal were identified and 25% of these establishments did not have enough adequate containers for the disposal of waste. If, on the one hand, the municipality assumes the costs of disposing of the HSW, on the other hand, the large generators do not demonstrate actions to minimize the volumes generated, contrary to the prioritization established in the National Solid Waste Policy, making it impossible to better manage this waste and consequently burdening the public coffers.
Sistema de Suporte Multicamada aliado à consultoria colaborativa escolar para promover inclusão na Educação Infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Gonzaga, Mariana Viana
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-0681
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316530099443968
The break with the idea of homogeneity—always utopian but previously prevalent in politics, discourse, and classrooms—still poses challenges in schools. Due to the increased enrollment of Special Education students (PEE) in regular schools, heterogeneity in classrooms has become even more evident. This study originated from a request for assistance from a preschool in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo, which faced difficulties in dealing with students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Considering that universal strategies, which aim to benefit all students indiscriminately, have been increasingly emphasized in the special education literature as a way to better address the diversity of classroom demands, this study proposed exploring the combination of two frameworks: the Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) and Collaborative. MTSS has been identified as a framework for addressing the specific needs of Special Education students, primarily through universal strategies that enhance the quality and effectiveness of classroom proposals for all students. These can be combined with more intensive levels of support when universal strategies prove insufficient. CSC involves partnerships between multidisciplinary professionals—in this case, a psychologist as the researcher—and educators to a collaborative action research project was proposed with the goal of developing and implementing intervention proposals in preschool classrooms using a hybrid CSC model based on the MTSS framework. The research was conducted in three preschool classrooms, involving three head teachers, one specialized education teacher, and the school’s pedagogical coordinator, encompassing 50 students aged four to five. Ten instruments were used for data collection by both the participating teachers. The implementation of MTSS, through collaborative consultation, identified and addressed 12 demands: seven were managed through universal strategies (Tier 1), while five were individualized (Tier 3), targeting a student with ASD and another child without a diagnosis, both requiring more intensive support. Despite the short intervention period of one trimester, the results showed behavioral changes among students, with improvements in social-emotional and behavioral skills, both in the student with ASD and in the other students. Improvements were also observed in teachers' skills related to classroom management and mediating interactions with students requiring more. The tiered approach to support was considered promising by teachers in classrooms with and without PEE students. It highlighted that increasing support levels may be necessary even in classrooms without students with disabilities or ASD. Aligning with the literature, the study concluded that, in the Brazilian context, combining the MTSS and CSC frameworks also proved effective in enhancing preschools' capacity to meet the needs of all students. Therefore, these frameworks should be incorporated into training programs for all professionals working in schools.
Professores de Educação Especial atuando em classe comum: possibilidades e desafios de parcerias colaborativas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-19)
Costa, Luis Gustavo da Silva
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Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-2369
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8566150185958171
This research aimed to analyze and describe the practices of Special Education teachers and regular classroom teachers with Special Education (PEE) students, who worked collaboratively in regular classrooms in the municipal education system of a small municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo. This descriptive case-study study was based on the qualitative and quantitative research method. Data collection initially involved semi-structured interviews using questionnaires, including three from the Index for Inclusion questionnaire, field diaries, video recordings, photographs, and more. Initially, the diagnostic phase of the research was conducted in three elementary schools and three early childhood education schools, aiming to attract a larger number of teachers. Twenty-eight teachers participated in the study: 14 Special Education teachers and 14 regular classroom teachers. From the diagnostic phase, it was found that of the 28 teachers participating in the study, 10 had never had any contact with Collaborative Teaching or had heard of it. 18 had contact through lectures and Pedagogical Collective Work Meetings (HTPC), where they provided brief reports or explanations on the topic. However, understandings of Collaborative Teaching varied, as did the pedagogical practices implemented among teachers within the regular classroom. Furthermore, they reported insufficient basic knowledge for implementing Collaborative Teaching, a lack of knowledge of the teaching strategy and their roles within it. However, they believed that they were implementing Collaborative Teaching in some way due to their joint work in the regular classroom, where they dialogued and collaborated with one another. However, 98% of the teachers stated they wanted to deepen their knowledge of Collaborative Teaching, considering that the school context in which they worked facilitated this service; to do so, they needed to learn more about the subject. It was concluded, then, that the teachers were in the initial stage of Collaborative Teaching, possessing prior knowledge, which, in fact, corroborated its implementation. It is worth noting that the municipality had a unique characteristic: the Special Education teachers had degrees in Pedagogy and were Specialists in Special Education, working in the Special Education Program within the regular classroom. Furthermore, the studies presented in this thesis, along with the data collected, enabled the development of Collaborative Teaching in Practice (ECNP), through the Initial Tracking of Collaborative Teaching Implementation, four stages, and the 10 crucial foundations for its successful implementation.
Impacto do material particulado atmosférico sedimentável emitido por indústrias metalúrgicas em girinos de rã-touro (Aquarana catesbeiana)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Costa, Regiane Luiza da
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Monteiro, Diana Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-6673
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2901217355687853
The settleable particulate matter (SePM), is composed of metals and metalloids which, when deposited in water, can use impacts on the aquatic biota. This study assessed the bioaccumulation of metals, genotoxic and mutagenic effects, as well as physiological and biochemical biomarkers in bullfrog tadpoles (A. catesbeiana), exposed 96 hours to a sublethal and environmentally relevant concentration of SePM (1 g/L-1). The SePM was collected on Ilha do Boi, in Vitória, ES, an area with intense steel and metallurgy activity. The results indicated bioaccumulation of metals in the blood, such as Sn, Cr, La, Ce, Al, Ag, Pb, Ti, and Fe. Health alterations were observed in the animals, with a 25% increase in the hepatosomatic index and a 12% decrease in the condition factor. Hemoglobin concentration and total cell count increased by 17% and 112%, respectively. Mutagenic effects on erythrocytes were indicated by a 340% increase in micronucleus frequency. In the comet assay, there was a significant increase in comet area (44.91%) and DNA content in the tail (85.49%), indicating genotoxic damage. In the heart tissue, high concentrations of Ti, Fe, V, Ba, and Mn were quantified, confirmed bioaccumulation. SePM exposure increased heart rate by 28% and decreased relative ventricular mass by 19%. Cardiac contractility parameters, showed a 60% increase in contraction strength, 50% in contraction rate, 55% in relaxation rate, and 66% in cardiac pumping capacity. The blockage of the NCX exchanger resulted in a significant reduction in the control group and exposed groups, respectively, of 39% and 49% in contraction force, 25% and 4% in contraction rate, 47% and 40% in relaxation rate, and approximately 58% and 64% in cardiac pumping capacity, indicating that the exchanger plays a significant role in calcium cycling. Protein carbonyl levels increased by 80%, the GSH:GSSG ratio increased by 121% and ACAP levels increased by 37% in cardiac tissue. These results indicate that even at a sublethal concentration, SePM demonstrated genotoxic and mutagenic potential, causing alterations in the blood. Additionally, exposure to SePM induce chronotropic, inotropic, and lusitropic responses, as typical compensatory stress responses. The results of oxidative stress biomarkers in cardiac tissue revealed mechanisms and strategies to neutralize reactive oxygen species. This study provides evidence that metallic particles from SePM, originating from metallurgical industries, induce damage and may compromise physiological homeostasis, even with short-term exposure and at sublethal concentrations, reinforcing the need for stricter regulations to control the emission of this material.
O ensino centrado em competências básicas e específicas: contribuições do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) na formação do psicólogo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Santos, Jociane Marthendal Oliveira
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Lima, Paulo Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-4934
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0881773975437368
The objective of this study was to analyze how teaching focused on basic and specific skills has been oriented in supervised curricular internships for the training of psychologists in Brazil, based on the perceptions of teachers and students. To achieve this objective, the following procedural axes were developed: the first axis was to understand the foundations of training policies for Psychology and changes in its current context, based on Hannah Arendt's work category. Since it is training for work, Hannah Arendt's works supported the reflection on a humanized training based on the development of potentialities as a conditioning and vital process. As a second axis, it was possible to identify the articulation between theory and practice in supervised curricular internships according to basic and specific skills based on documents such as course plans from the institutions studied, thesis and dissertations specific to the area of psychology, and documents from national and international educational and professional bodies that helped to understand the macro and micro vision of the paths of training for future psychology professionals. Thus, we opted for a qualitative research approach using documentary analysis techniques as a method. As a third axis, interviews were conducted with subjects from the selected institutions using a script of semi-structured questions. Four higher education institutions in the state of São Paulo were selected, each with different universes: one public, one religious, one community-based, and one private. The interview participants were teachers and students, who were selected according to established criteria that considered their training and professional practice. A total of 18 interviews were obtained, four with teachers and 14 with students. The content analysis technique, according to Bardin (2011), was used to analyze the data collected. The research presented evidence that the training of psychology professionals in the institutions studied requires guidelines that ensure greater qualification. The requirements included in the guidelines promote a behavioral change in the future professional for a more active student, but do not ensure actions of the skills required for basic training, according to the data collected. The internships carried out do not necessarily promote the articulation of theory and practice in the students' view. Teacher training was highlighted when considering that many teachers teach classes and supervise internships without having the necessary experience. The supervision time is short, which is detrimental to training. Teaching ethics is restricted to the time given in the courses offered and the subject is only revisited if the appropriate articulations are promoted based on internships.
A prioridade da não geração na Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos: dimensões, perspectivas e aplicabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Bueno, Aline Chitero
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Gonçalves, Juliano Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1803562162325019
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-7154
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5418452950310799
Non-generation is the highest priority established in the National Solid Waste Policy (Federal Law No. 12,305/2010) for solid waste management; however, it is not defined in Brazilian legislation. This research aimed to propose a concept for non-generation and assess its applicability. Grounded in historical materialism with a dialectical approach, the study utilized a literature review, documentary research, and content analysis. Based on the analysis of the hierarchies from the Zero Waste movement and Directive 2008/98/EC, three dimensions of non-generation were proposed: production and consumption, waste, and rejects, each with representative keywords. These dimensions were applied in the evaluation of the National Solid Waste Policy, the National Solid Waste Plan, and the São Paulo State Solid Waste Plan, identifying the limits and possibilities of implementing non-generation practices. The study related the policy’s principles, objectives, instruments, and guidelines to these dimensions, revealing a broader coverage of reject non-generation, followed by waste, and a more limited scope for production and consumption. Different degrees of implementation difficulty were observed, ranging from basic to intermediate and advanced levels. As a synthesis, a concept of non-generation was proposed based on the legal foundations, with practical applicability and potential contributions to advancing solid waste management and public policies focused on sustainability. Non-generation consists of three dimensions—production and consumption, waste, and rejects—that differ from each other yet are complementary and, together, promote the maintenance of natural capital for future generations, quality of life, and environmental well-being.
Entre telas: mercado e tecnologia digital na (re)construção do dispositivo pornográfico no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Santos, Dionys Melo dos
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-9169
;
Negro
The main objective of the text on screen is to analyze the current stage of the Brazilian porn industry. More specifically, the following work intends to analyze the impacts of “new” digital technologies, especially smartphones and content sharing platforms, on the national porn ecosystem. In recent years, the porn industry's production chain has been undergoing intense transformations, mainly with regard to the emergence of independent producers who sell their content through applications. “New” bodies and desires, new consumption. Inclusion and diversity are fundamental processes for contemporary capitalism, at least in discourse, and in the pornographic field it would be no different. Starting from empirical research, carried out with national porn producers, through interviews and participation in events aimed at the adult entertainment market, such as business fairs, workshops and parties, this research finds a key point in the concept of “sexual wellness” in a process that aims to increase engagement and encourage the destigmatization of the field.
A ambiência nos centros de atenção psicossocial iii do município de Campinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Santos, Erick
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Morato, Giovana Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2928616003881655
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-9541
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0761519789906983
With its first records dating back to 2003, the ambience occurs in CAPS III units, its emergence and incorporation in the field of Mental Health and Psychosocial Care stemmed from the Psychiatric Reform and the National Humanization Policy within the SUS. Although widely present and practiced today in health services in general, the concept of ambience in the context of the CAPS III lacks comprehensive studies that favour its understanding and operationalization. Thus, the present research had the primary objective of identifying and understanding the concept and practice of ambience among professionals and managers at CAPS III units in the city of Campinas. The specific objectives were: a) to understand the function, definition and operationalization of ambience from the perspective of the professionals and managers; b) to identify the relationship between professional units and the ambience- related practices carried out by different professionals working in CAPS III; c) to describe the potentialities and challenges of the ambience from the perspective of the professionals and managers. This is exploratory, descriptive research with a qualitative approach, with CAPS III units in the city of Campinas as the field of investigation. A total of five managers and nine higher education professionals distributed in five CAPS III units in Campinas participated in this research. Data was collected through a Participant Characterization Form, a Service Characterization Form, a Semi- Structured Interview Guide for Professionals, and a Semi-Structured Interview Guide for Managers. The data from the forms completed by the professionals and managers were subjected to a simple descriptive analysis, while the interviews with higher education professionals underwent Thematic Analysis, generating the following thematic categories: Unveiling within the walls of CAPS III: Ambience, what is it and what is it for?; The art of caring in the ambience: balance between coexistence and therapeutic intervention; Perspectives and practices of the various centres of knowledge and professional training for the development of the ambience: the multidisciplinary exercise of sharing readings; Paths to the ambience: strengths and challenges; On the actors involved: management. In short, the research contributes significantly to the understanding of the ambience in CAPS III, deepening the theoretical framework regarding ambience in Psychosocial Care, as well as providing new knowledge that enhances the practical approaches of professionals who work or intend to work in CAPS. It highlights their crucial role in promoting care and Mental Health. It also added a new perspective by integrating the conceptualization and definition of ambience, and it pointed out the importance of promoting training programs and the need for participatory management as central aspects that can guide future improvements and innovations in practice. Additionally, this study highlighted the need for investment in CAPS III environments, whether at a scientific, macropolitical, or practical level, as this aspect proved to be essential for enhancing the quality of care provided in CAPS III services, as well as advancing care strategies within the field of Psychosocial Care.
Educação CTSA baseada em Freire: produção de saberes da ciência química na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Domingues, Luana Almeida Cardoso Sampaio
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Santos Junior, João Batista dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-2242
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9978142265940310
The present study aims to understand the objectives of Youth and Adult Education, its configuration in the State of São Paulo, and its semi-presential modality present in the State Centers for Youth and Adult Education, considering contextualized pedagogical practices that could be developed in these spaces, with a focus on teaching Chemistry, which historically presents difficulties and poses a challenge in basic education. Therefore, with the aim of investigating the teaching of Chemistry in Youth and Adult Education through methodologies and approaches that could promote the learning of these subjects and their approach to scientific knowledge, a didactic sequence was developed contextualized in the Science, Technology, Society, and Environment approach. The generating theme emerged from the context of the participants, using different activities and school spaces, with an emphasis on practical activities carried out in the laboratory. The target audience of this research was the young and adult students from the State Center for Youth and Adult Education (CEEJA) in a city in the state of São Paulo. The didactic sequence began with 10 participants, but only 5 completed all the proposed activities. The sequence was organized into five activities and data were collected through the application of questionnaires, the production of personal reports by participants, and the conducting of interviews. These data were analyzed through Content Analysis to produce inferences about the influence of the activities on the ideas expressed by the participants regarding Science and Chemistry related to the theme, as well as on the learning of concepts and contents of the Chemistry discipline also related to the theme. The analysis of the data from the first group indicates that there was a change in ideas, as well as learning in Chemistry, with each participant demonstrating distinct development during the research, characteristic of Youth and Adult Education and the flexible model of individualized care present in the school. Furthermore, it was possible to infer that the practical activities favored the learning of these subjects and that the knowledge developed on the theme was translated into actions in their daily lives.
Modificação da superfície do titânio através da técnica de PEO (Oxidação Eletrolítica assistida por Plasma), dopagem do óxido e a investigação das propriedades fotocatalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Garcia, Uanderson Mezavila
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Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-0270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6240710477686567
This study investigates the development and characterization of titanium dioxide TiO2 semiconductor films synthesized via Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) for applications in heterogeneous photocatalysis. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of incorporating various elements — including transition metals (Nb, Ni, Cu, Mo, W, and Fe) and rare earths (Ce) — combined with systematically controlled pH variations (acidic, neutral, and basic media), on the structural, optical, and morphological properties of the resulting coatings. The results demonstrated that the electrolyte composition plays a major role in oxide growth kinetics and crystallinity. While H3PO4 -based solutions favored the detection of crystalline phases, the basic medium containing NH4OH led to a mostly amorphous structure across most samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed rough surfaces with pores typical of plasma discharges, with diameters and distribution strongly dictated by the electrolyte. Optically, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy estimated the films' bandgap values, showing subtle shifts in the electronic absorption edge induced by the incorporated elements within the TiO2 matrix. Additionally, current transient curves precisely mapped the dielectric breakdown behavior during the transition to the plasma regime. Regarding the incorporation process, niobium achieved the highest rate in an acidic medium (12.4%), though it did not yield substantial performance gains in photocatalysis. Assays revealed that the top three efficiencies for Rhodamine B degradation under UVA radiation were achieved by molybdenum-modified samples in a basic medium (44.8%), followed closely by molybdenum-iron co-incorporated systems (29.3%) in a basic medium and molybdenum-iron (21.6%) in an acidic medium.
Nonexistence and existence of nontrivial solutions for a degenerate Goursat type problem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Peña, Carlos Alberto Reyes
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9606661651573155
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-7625
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Miyagaki, Olímpio Hiroshi
For a degenerate Goursat-type problem under several boundary conditions and in domains associated with the Tricomi problem, we rigorously examine the existence, uniqueness, and nonexistence of solutions, with a particular focus on critical exponent phenomena within the framework of weighted Sobolev embeddings. Specifically, for the Dirichlet boundary conditions in a Tricomi domain, we establish Pohozaev-type identities and prove the nonexistence of nontrivial regular solutions, as well as, identify the critical exponent effect associated with nonlinearities. For cases involving mixed Dirichlet boundary conditions, we employ Didenko’s method to derive precise energy estimates, thereby demonstrating the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for both linear and generalized settings. In the case of Neumann boundary conditions on a bounded domain, we ensure the compactness of the weighted Sobolev embedding under appropriate conditions, and we apply the Mountain Pass Theorem to establish the existence of weak solutions for the corresponding semilinear problem.
Identificação de imperfeições em pavimentos flexíveis de rodovias por meio de imagens de vídeo e aprendizado de máquina profundo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Vita, Diego Eduardo de
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Melanda, Edson Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1554762456965991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3132036375441741
According to data from the National Transportation Confederation in 2023, almost 57% of Brazilian highways Brazilian highways have some kind of pavement-related problem, after analyzing the 43.843 km of state highways and 67.659 km of federal highways. By 2022, around 60% of all cargo transported in the country used the road system. and between 2019 and 2021 alone, there were 195,326 accidents. This shows the importance of the road system, but also, in a way, warns of the conservation conditions that roads must be in, and they also need to be maintained quickly and assertively. and assertiveness in maintenance, which is directly related to efficiency in assessment of sidewalk conditions. We can therefore understand the impact of the slowness in assessing the sidewalk of Brazilian roads. In this sense, great efforts have been efforts have been made to carry out an automated assessment, providing the speed that the the process needs. As a result, computational machine learning machine learning techniques have been used to train artificial intelligence algorithms capable of algorithms capable of identifying patterns through images and, therefore, diagnosing the situation the situation found on the roads using the images analyzed. This paper therefore presents structure, pathologies and sidewalk management. It also the main literature on deep neural networks, convolutional networks and object detection. networks and object detection, and then proposes automated inspection of road sidewalks using using deep learning algorithms, by means of video images. images. The results of this work show the identification of pathologies in 98% of the images selected for a real detection test. The method chosen for dataset enabled the model to process the training stage and then be applied to the test. applied to the test. In addition, the dataset was formulated after the initial detection section, which led to the best section, which led to the best labeling strategy for the case of detecting the pans and cracks. Finally, the average confidence result based on the detected images was promising when the size of the image bank used for training is analyzed. used for training.
Efeito da terapia a laser de alta intensidade em pacientes com dor cervical crônica inespecífica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
De La Barra Ortiz, Hernán Andrés
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Arias, Mariana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905617922199364
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-5326
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Liebano, Richard Eloin
Chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP) is a leading global cause of disability, affecting a significant portion of the population. Due to its multifactorial nature, which encompasses physical, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors, treatment requires comprehensive therapeutic approaches. Laser therapy has gained attention for its ability to alleviate pain and improve function in patients with musculoskeletal pain. While low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has demonstrated efficacy, high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is emerging as a superior therapeutic option. HILT combines photobiomodulation with thermal effects, allowing for faster and more efficient energy delivery and covering larger treatment areas. This combination optimizes pain relief and tissue repair processes, offering a promising approach, particularly for pain resistant to conventional treatments. STUDY 1. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in the management of neck pain. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain, disability, and range of motion in patients with neck pain. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (ECAs) on high-intensity laser therapy for neck pain disorders were searched across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, the PEDro database, and Google Scholar (updated until January 7, 2024). Pain intensity was considered the primary outcome, while neck disability and range of motion were categorized as secondary outcomes. Researchers screened titles and abstracts using the Rayyan web application. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and evidence-based recommendations were formulated using the GRADE approach. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled effect in terms of mean differences (MD) for the outcomes of interest, along with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Twenty studies met the selection criteria and were considered potentially eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. At the end of treatment, a statistically significant pooled MD of -14.1 mm for pain intensity (17 ECAs) measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (95% CI: -18.4 to -9.7), 3.9° (95% CI: 1.9 to 6.7) for cervical extension (9 ECAs), and -8.3% (95% CI: -14.1 to -4.1) for disabilityreduction measured by the Neck DisabilityIndex (12 ECAs) was observed, all favoring HILT. Only the results for pain intensity aligned with the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) reported in the literature. Overall, the evidence was deemed significant but with low certainty, attributed to observed heterogeneity and some risk of bias among the ECAs. Conclusion: HILT demonstrates effectiveness in reducing neck pain and disability while enhancing cervical extension when combined with other physical therapy interventions, especially therapeutic exercises, based on a moderate level of evidence. This review highlights that the most favorable results are obtained when HILT is employed to address myofascial pain, cervical radiculopathy, and chronic neck pain. STUDY 2. Effect of high-intensity laser therapy in patients with nãon-specific chronic neck pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Objective: The aim of this study is to present a protocol for a randomized controlled trial (ECA) that will assess the effect of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain intensity in patients with chronic nãon-specific neck pain (CNNP), considering the existing evidence on Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for this condition. Methods: This is a two-arm randomized, placebo-controlled trial with blinded evaluators. The research will be conducted at the Electro-Physical Agents Laboratory of Andrés Bello University, Casona Campus, Santiago, Chile. Eligible participants will include members of the university's internal and external community who suffer from chronic, non-specific neck pain. Participants will be stratified by sex (four subgroups) and randomly assigned to one of two study groups: Group 1 (HILT and stretching exercises) or Group 2 (sham HILT and stretching exercises). Assessments will take place at three time points: before treatment (T0), immediately after treatment (T1), and 12 weeks after treatment completion (T2). Primary outcomes will include pain intensity at rest, pain intensity during active movements (flexion, extension, right and left side bending, and right and left rotation), and pain pressure threshold, calculated as the average across six evaluation points. Secondary outcomes will include neck range of motion in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes, as well as neck disability. Discussion: This study will compare the effects of HILT and a sham laser intervention on patients with CNNP. This ECA will provide new evidence regarding the potential benefits of HILT in terms of pain intensity, range of motion, and disability in individuals suffering from CNNP. The comparison with a control group will enable a more rigorous evaluation of HILT’s efficacy, contributing to the understanding of its clinical application and highlighting the need for evidence-based therapeutic approaches to manage this prevalent condition.
Efeitos da fotobiomodulação transcraniana associada ao exercício no desempenho motor e cognitivo de camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-20)
Tremarin, Renata Ferreira de Guzzi
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Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-3835
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5278351994171677
Physical and cognitive changes inherent to the aging process are a concern given the growing elderly population. Behavioral interventions to slow functional decline while maintaining a healthy standard of living are widely studied. Developing safe therapies with proven biological and neurophysiological effects requires the use of non-clinical animal models to predict human outcomes. Non-invasive brain stimulation and physical exercise are non-pharmacological interventions attracting attention due to their lack of associated adverse events, robust safety profile, and potential to improve motor and cognitive functions by reducing inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, and mitigating oxidative stress. Few studies explore the combined effects of photobiomodulation and exercise in this context, so the present study aims to evaluate behavioral responses and neuroprotective effects in middle-aged mice subjected to transcranial photobiomodulation therapy and physical exercise. The hypothesis is that these interventions improve cognitive and motor function after 10 days. Methods: Fifty male Swiss albino mice, aged 8–10 months, were divided into groups: one receiving ten daily photobiomodulation sessions (PBM+S), one with inactive photobiomodulation (SHAM+S), one combining photobiomodulation and running wheel exercises (PBM+E), a fourth group with inactive photobiomodulation and exercise (SHAM+E), and a control group. Behavioral analyses included memory tests (object recognition test), motor performance (rotarod test), and general locomotion (open field test). Statistical analyses utilized STATA software, with parametric data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and non-parametric data via Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by post-hoc analysis and Bonferroni correction. Results: Significant differences emerged in memory performance among groups. The SHAM+E group showed higher memory values compared to PBM+S (z = 2.496, p = 0.0125), while the PBM+S group exhibited significantly lower memory values than SHAM+S (z = -2.451, p = 0.0143). No significant differences were found in other variables. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation alone facilitated memory improvement in mice, independent of exercise. Conversely, exercise also produced an effect, though of lesser magnitude. These findings suggest that in healthy middle-aged mice, photobiomodulation alone can enhance cognitive function, but its combination with exercise did not yield the same performance, warranting further studies for application to other populations and parameters.