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Hidrogênio verde no Brasil: desafios e oportunidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Campos, Maria Julia Almeida Carneiro de; Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5009165247354319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6515621360329496
Green hydrogen has gained prominence as a promising renewable energy alternative, recognized for its ability to generate energy without carbon emissions. This sector is rapidly growing and attracting significant investments, with the potential to play a crucial role in the global energy transition. In this context, the present work aims to analyze the current state of green hydrogen, its advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and opportunities. To achieve this general objective, the methodology used was based on a bibliographic review. Among the results, it was identified that green hydrogen reduces greenhouse gas emissions and helps further diversify a country's energy matrix. However, despite its advantages, green hydrogen still faces significant challenges. The high production costs, the need for adequate infrastructure for transportation and storage, and issues related to technological efficiency are barriers that need to be overcome. Both internationally and in the national context, expectations are optimistic for reducing production costs, driven by technological advances and large-scale projects aimed at optimizing storage and transportation infrastructure. In Brazil, the country stands out as a strong candidate to become a global leader in green hydrogen production, thanks to the wide availability of renewable sources such as solar and wind energy. Furthermore, Brazil has a vast domestic market and is investing in international partnerships to strengthen the green hydrogen industry.
Avaliação da viabilidade técnica e econômica do uso de polietileno reciclado para produção de caixas d´água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Carvalho, Isadora Pradella; Gazzola, Jonathan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0159433721761670; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7625151752031858
The increasing generation of solid waste, driven by urbanization, economic expansion, and population growth, presents a significant environmental challenge. Plastics, whose global production has grown exponentially since 1950, are one of the main components of this waste, with only 20% being recycled. This study analyzed the technical and economic feasibility of using recycled polyethylene in the production of water tanks, promoting the circular economy. Mechanical tests demonstrated that recycled polyethylene exhibits adequate strength and stability, especially with optimized thicknesses, ensuring structural safety and functionality. Additionally, the water quality analysis revealed that the material does not compromise the pH of the stored fluid. Despite the increased weight compared to conventional water tanks, the use of recycled polyethylene proved to be a sustainable and technically viable alternative, although economically less attractive due to the high cost of the final product. The study concludes that advances in recycling processes could improve the competitiveness of this material, reducing its environmental impact and enhancing its potential for application.
Literatura japonesa na Biblioteca Mário de Andrade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Albertini, Nicolas Fernando Ferreira; Zafalon, Zaira Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584935790390793; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-2138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1694085183658484
This research, within the scope of memory, identity and heritage studies, focuses on Japanese literature, which, combined with the collection of the Mário de Andrade Library, constitutes the object of study. Over the years, hundreds of Japanese immigrants have come to Brazil, bringing with them their culture, habits and experiences, resulting in a direct influence on Brazilian society. With the largest concentration in the city of São Paulo, the Japanese community has the Historical Museum of Japanese Immigration in Brazil and a branch of the Japan House. In line with the research's focus on Japanese literature, the collection of the Mário de Andrade Library (BMA) in São Paulo is also of interest. This is because, in addition to being the second largest library in Brazil, it stands out for its mission of disseminating its collection to national and foreign researchers and for its trajectory in the formation of readers and intellectuals. It is in this context that the research question is: How is Japanese literature characterized in the Mário de Andrade Library?, with the aim of analyzing Japanese literature in the collection of this library. The research, with a qualitative approach, is exploratory in its objectives and applied in nature. In order to achieve its objectives, bibliographic and documentary procedures were used to outline the history of the Japanese-Brazilian community and the BMA, and content analysis was used for the results. The data were obtained after being provided by the institution. The study resulted in a proposal to reevaluate the policies for indexing, collections and cataloging the BMA, after analyzing the access points for information resources on Japanese literature. It was concluded that the reformulated application of these policies in the Japanese literature collection of the Mário de Andrade Library will provide new perspectives on the subject, greater visibility of the collection, and make the retrieval of resources more fluid and dynamic.
Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências: um olhar para a formação continuada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Souza, Talita Martins Oliveira de; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852
Teacher training in Brazil has advanced in recent years, driven by public policies such as REUNI, which expanded access to higher education. The increase in undergraduate degrees shows that more professionals are preparing for teaching. However, there are still challenges, such as the persistence of traditional methodologies and the need for constant updating of educators. Continuing education has emerged as an essential path to improving the quality of teaching, but it faces obstacles such as lack of recognition and resources. In Science Teaching, it is essential that teachers go beyond rigid approaches and promote critical thinking in students. Academic research, especially in the master's program, can be a powerful tool for transforming teaching practice. In view of this, this study mapped, through documentary research, the Federal Universities in Brazil that offer Postgraduate Programs in Science Teaching, analyzing whether the official documents of the Programs comply with the designation of continuing education. The results indicate that among the Programs that indicate lines of research on Teacher Education, few explicitly refer to the term Continuing Education. In this sense, advancing these discussions is urgent, especially in times of rapid change. Recognizing this need and making it explicit through research indicates a commitment to valuing teachers, providing improvements in Brazilian education.
Dimensionamento e implantação de uma estação compacta de tratamento de água visando a redução de dureza e compostos de enxofre para emprego em aviários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Meira, Roberto Sgarbi; Pantoja Filho, Jorge Luis Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7139425471960071
This work presents the design and implementation of a compact water treatment station for poultry farms, focusing on reducing water hardness and sulfur compounds in groundwater. Water quality is crucial for the health and productivity of birds, especially in broiler chicken farms, where water represents up to. The study was conducted at Sítio São Roque, in Campina do Monte Alegre - SP, where water from a groundwater well was analyzed to meet the necessary quality standards.
Uso de biomassas não refinadas no desenvolvimento de espumas renováveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Silva, Victória Barros Pinheiro da; Ferreira, Elisa Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9042749986031620; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-5012; Baron, Daniel; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2054014705484176; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-9413; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2632116113083582
As plastic waste continues to accumulate on our planet, it is essential to explore sustainable alternatives that can match the performance of non-renewable polymeric materials. In order to replace lightweight materials such as plastic foams, the aim of this study is to use a sustainable and economical route to produce foams, with the application of plant biomass in the form of unrefined lignocellulosic particles of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and eucalyptus industrial waste (EIW), incorporated with biopolymers (starch and pectin), using a heat-drying technique (oven drying). The incorporation of biopolymers is intended to reinforce the structure of aqueous and solid foams, helping their stability and adhesion between particles. In order to confirm the good performance of the foams, the study characterized the material in terms of density, mechanical strength and general structure. To this end, the materials were prepared using aqueous dispersions of solubilized biopolymers, swollen lignocellulosic particles and the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. The systems were subjected to mechanical agitation to incorporate air bubbles, producing aqueous foams with shape stability to be dried in ovens, forming solid foams. In this process, the bubbles promote the formation of pores, the anatomy of which influences the density and mechanical properties of the solid foams. The results show that the foams had a low density (0.07 to 0.26 g.cm-3) and mechanical resistance to compression compatible with the performance of plastic foams (0.08 to 0.27 MPa). The properties of these structures varied according to the type of biopolymer and biomass and the ratio between particles and biopolymers, with the foam with SB particles and starch in the particle/biopolymer ratio four being the most resistant (0.27 MPa). In addition, it was observed that particle size influences the formation of bubble scaffolds, with a tendency to reduce bubble size using smaller particles, such as from SB (0.04 to 0.05 mm). Thus, the study shows that it is possible to develop solid foams, starting from a sustainable route, with the use of unrefined plant biomass and drying in an oven. These promising results support the development of a more sustainable route to produce renewable lightweight materials, aimed at the replacement of plastic foams in packaging.
Ferramentas livres para simulação de veículos elétricos: estudo de caso de um kart elétrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Santi, Mario Akira de; Guazzelli, Paulo Roberto Ubaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0830386985936804; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-6425; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2538689676955276
In response to the increasing demand for methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles have emerged as a global alternative to combustion vehicles, highlighting the importance of study and development technologies in this field. Modeling and simulation of electric vehicles are crucial for cost reduction, safety, and efficiency. However, most simulations are carried out using proprietary tools, such as Matlab, Simulink, and Simcenter Amesim. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore free, alternative tools for electric vehicle simulation. In this context, an electric go-kart is used as a case study, employing existing open-source Python simulation libraries to perform essential simulations, such as driving cycle and energy efficiency analysis. The main libraries considered are Gym Electric Motor, to simulate motor control under the go-kart’s dynamic loads, and PyBaMM, for battery simulation. For the driving cycle, speed data from a combustion go-kart at a rental kart track was used to generate a speed reference for the electric go-kart. This approach enabled the simulation of the electric machine’s control according to the driving cycle’s speed reference and the system’s battery response for the electric go-kart simulation.
Interação com o DNA e fototoxicidade de porfirinas tetracatiônicas de rutênio, areno e fosfina em células tumorais de ovário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Pereira, George Bueno Santana; Rocha, Fillipe Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-871X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1517581573225226; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-139X
In this work, porphyrins derived from meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and meso-tetra(3-pyridyl)porphyrin were synthesized, along with their respective zinc(II) metalloporphyrin, coordinated to four peripheral ruthenium(II) complexes containing p-cymene and triphenylphosphine, forming a new class of compounds, called PRAP, and a mimetic compound (Mim). These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and molar conductivity, as well as structural optimization calculations by DFT. Plasmid pUC19 and ct-DNA interactions were carried out, as well as an interaction with guanosine. The results suggest an interaction mechanism that initially involves an aggregation effect, followed by a possible covalent bond. Cellular assays showed that the compounds were not cytotoxic to the MRC-5 (non-tumor lung cancer) strain at concentrations below 50 μM. On the other hand, in the A2780 lineage (ovarian tumor), the tetra-cationic porphyrin showed high phototoxicity after irradiation, with an IC50 of approximately 0.07 μM for the free porphyrins and 0.30 μM for the zinc(II) metalloporphyrin. The H2P compound stood out for having the highest phototoxicity index. The morphological tests confirmed cell death by apoptosis and damage to the nucleus, corroborating the photobleaching data from the pUC19 plasmid. Finally, it was found that photodynamic treatment can affect the cell proliferation zone in tumor spheroids. These experiments show that the system evaluated has promising potential for interacting with DNA and acting as a photosensitizer.
Cenário preditivo para ocorrência de supressão na bacia do Alto Paranapanema para o ano de 2030 a partir da caracterização de variáveis biofísicas e antrópicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Lima, Larissa Santana; Molin, Paulo Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-935X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602974626955410; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3352-2282
Brazilian development has been based on the exploitation and destruction of native vegetation, intensifying from the 1970s onward with urban, agricultural, and industrial expansion. The suppression of native vegetation, especially in tropical forests, leads to changes in the water cycle, increased carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, worsening climate change, among other impacts. The Atlantic Forest, which extends along most of the Brazilian coast, has suffered significant degradation, with only 12% of its original cover remaining. The Cerrado was exploited later; however, it has faced intense deterioration, with few protected areas. Both biomes are considered global biodiversity hotspots due to their rich biodiversity being under severe threat. Suppression has resulted in drastic fragmentation and biodiversity reduction, which is particularly notable in the Alto Paranapanema Basin, where the Atlantic Forest meets the Cerrado. Suppression can occur for different reasons, such as wildfires, clear-cutting for commercial purposes, or natural causes, including practices authorized by environmental licensing and laws. In this context, the study aimed to model a simulated suppression map for the year 2030 in the Alto Paranapanema Basin. The transition to the Mosaic of Uses showed the highest simulated transition percentage between 2020 and 2030, with a transition rate of 1.59%, followed by conversion to agriculture at 1.08%, while the transition to non-vegetated areas, which includes urban areas, showed a simulated transition of 0.02% for the same period. These results, combined with the variables used, indicate that the trend of expansion toward these activities continues, especially associated with resources, accessibility, and infrastructure.
Avaliação do sistema de drenagem e manejo das águas pluviais do município de Louveira – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Soares, Taynara dos Santos; Vasconcelos, Anaí Floriano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6595801339743126; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-8251
Accelerated and unplanned urbanization poses significant challenges for municipalities, particularly concerning solid waste management, land use, and urban drainage systems. Soil impermeabilization and irregular occupation exacerbate surface runoff, leading to flooding and hindering water infiltration, while improper waste disposal often clogs drainage systems, amplifying environmental and urban impacts. These issues are further intensified by limited financial and technical resources, complicating the implementation of sustainable solutions. This study evaluates the efficiency of the urban drainage system and stormwater management in Louveira, São Paulo, focusing on obstacles related to unregulated urbanization and infrastructure limitations. The analysis draws on the National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12.305/2010), the Basic Sanitation and Drainage Law (Law No. 11.445/2007), local land use laws (Municipal Law No. 2.332/2013), interview with the Environmental Management Secretariat, and an assessment of the Municipal Sanitation Plan. The study aims to diagnose current water management conditions and propose sustainable solutions aligned with municipal sanitation plans and legislation. The findings highlight inefficiencies in waste management in informal areas and difficulties improving the drainage system, emphasizing the need for integrated public policies, environmental education, and sustainable urban planning.
Monitoramento de nidificação de Tetrapedia diversipes para avaliação histopatológica e comportamental de fêmeas expostas ao óleo de nim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-01-27) Saraiva, Letícia Ferreira; Scudeler, Elton Luis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6005-1139; Silva, Elaine Cristina Mathias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993998796939609; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6373360661726165
The solitary bee Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (1810) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) nests in pre-existing cavities and collects floral resources to build nests and feed the adult and offspring. During foraging, this native bee may come into contact with different substances applied to plants. In order to evaluate the effects of the bioinsecticide neem oil (Azadirachta indica) on the fat body cells and behavior of adult females of T. diversipes in two concentrations of the commercial formulation FitoNeem, artificial nests (trap nests) were collected from November 2023 to March 2024 and managed in the laboratory. The experimental groups of the contact exposure bioassays were: solvent control group (acetone); lowest concentration (FN-I) and highest concentration (FN-II) of Fitoneem applied in the field. Behavioral analysis of all individuals occurred at different times after exposure: time zero, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Histological slides containing the fat body of 3 females for each experimental group were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Sudan Black, Xylidine Ponceau and PAS + bromophenol blue. In individuals exposed to Azadirachtin (FN-I and FN-II), a distinct morphological pattern of trophocytes was observed in relation to the control group, with more pronounced vacuolization in the cytoplasm and more evident nuclear granulations, while oenocytes presented clumps of nuclear chromatin compaction, atypical vacuoles in their cytoplasm and irregular nucleus. After 96 hours of exposure, a statistically significant difference was observed in the means of the individuals for speed and distance traveled, being lower in individuals exposed to higher concentrations of neem oil. There was an attempt to break diapause due to the low sample number of females. Monthly monitoring of nesting suggests that its rate during the study period, as well as mortality and parasitism rates, also influenced the low emergence of T. diversipes individuals, in addition to climatic conditions. The overall analysis of the results obtained indicates the tendency for Azadirachtin to cause sublethal effects in T. diversipes by inducing histopathological effects in fat body cells, which may affect the various functions that the organ performs, as well as the locomotion behavior of individuals.