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Fermentação alcoólica: contaminação bacteriana e métodos para sua detecção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Francisco, Suzana Santana; Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9588452528442408
Alcoholic fermentation, carried out mainly by yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stands out for its efficiency and operational simplicity. In Brazil, sugarcane is the main raw material used, due to its high productivity and efficiency in converting fermentable sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Due to the scale of production, which makes it impossible to carry out the process under aseptic conditions, the occurrence of bacterial contamination in industrial alcoholic fermentation is inevitable. Contaminating bacteria, such as those from Lactobacillus and Acetobacter genus, compete with yeasts for substrates and produce inhibitory compounds, reducing ethanol yield and increasing operating costs. Monitoring and quantifying the presence of contaminating bacteria are essential for the proper management of interventions in the process aimed at containing contamination. Traditional methods, such as direct counting under a microscope, have limitations in terms of accuracy and speed of detection. In contrast, modern techniques, such as near-infrared spectroscopy and portable sensors, offer greater accuracy and speed in fermentation monitoring. This study describes three methods for monitoring the presence of bacteria in alcoholic fermentations and analyzes the advantages and limitations of these methods in the industrial context, highlighting the importance of improving contamination monitoring techniques for the sustainability and efficiency of the sugar and ethanol sector. Different fermentation techniques, such as continuous and discontinuous processes, as well as the Melle-Boinot method, widely used for combining efficiency and economic sustainability, are addressed. Aspects such as the relevance of alcoholic fermentation in the Brazilian energy matrix, its positive environmental impact in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and its contribution to the economic and social development of rural regions are discussed. Advances in technologies, such as the production of second-generation ethanol (E2G), further expand the sustainable viability of the sugar and ethanol sector, reinforcing Brazil's strategic role in the global biofuels scenario. The study concludes that technological advances in microbiological control are essential to optimize production processes, reduce losses and meet the growing demands for sustainable biofuels.
Concepção estrutural de um modelo padrão proposto de uma sala para leitos hospitalares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Cazarin, Daniel Yudi Tahara; Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1799282971666575
The increasing demand for healthcare services, driven by population aging and the prevalence of comorbidities, has highlighted the need for hospital projects that prioritize efficiency and quality of care. Through a detailed literature review, this work sought to explore current practices and guidelines in hospital architecture. Based on these studies, the work proposed a design for the hospital bed room, aiming to meet the contemporary demands of an efficient and comfortable hospital environment. In a second phase, the structural design of the room was developed, emphasizing the ability to apply structural analyses using the structural calculation software TQS. The results show that the lack of participation from a healthcare facility and the outdated nature of some technical standards posed significant challenges that impacted design decisions. It was concluded that updating standards and greater integration between engineers and healthcare professionals are essential for the execution of more effective hospital projects aligned with modern healthcare needs. Additionally, the TQS software proved to be a good and efficient tool for the development and structural analysis of structures, reinforcing its applicability in structural projects. Furthermore, it was possible to enable two structural configurations for the proposed model: one using a solid slab and another with a ribbed slab.
Controle químico da lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda) e avaliação de danos na cultura do milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Oliveira, João Pedro Barros de; Marques, Rodrigo Neves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8945237946471247
Corn is the second largest crop cultivated in Brazil, a factor that leads to great concern about the control and damage of insect pests that benefit from these extensive green bridges, such as Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), one of the main pests in Brazil, with approximately R$ 1,2 billion damaged in brazilian agriculture. Chemical control is widely used due to its high efficacy, practicality of application, and relatively low prices. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the mortality rate and damage caused by fall armyworms subjected to chemical insecticides with different forms of action. The trial took place in the municipality of Araras/SP, between 03/14/2024 and 05/06/2024, under a randomized block design with 4 replications and 6 treatments, totaling 24 plots with 6 corn planting lines in each. One treatment was the control, which had no application in its plots. In the other plots, the commercial insecticides Goemon 50 SL®, Avatar 150®, Exalt®, Pirate®, Proclaim® were analyzed. The number of live caterpillars was evaluated at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after application, as well as the damage to corn plants at 0 and 21 days after application. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of statistical variance by the ANOVA test, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. No treatment obtained satisfactory control efficiency at 3 days after application, but at 7 days all were considered efficient. At 10, 14 and especially at 21 days, the efficiency of all treatments was severely reduced. Regarding damage assessment, Avatar 150® reduced damage by 72%, Pirate® by 63%, Goemon 50 SL by 59%, Exalt® by 54% and Proclaim® by 50%. The results obtained demonstrated the efficiency of the treatments 7 days after application, but also demonstrated the degradation of the products under field conditions, leading to a drop in mortality below that considered effective at 21 days after application.
Alfabetização científica, ensino por investigação e o uso da literatuta na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Barbosa, Nilziete Jesus Chaves; Milaré, Tathiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4030661520659155; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-1769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8241416572795717; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4452-1647
Scientific Literacy is considered an essential process in the formation of any individual, aiming to shape critical, reflective, and active citizens in society. Early childhood education is the first stage of Basic Education, with the main goal of the comprehensive development of children. In this school phase, Science Education has been standing out in promoting Scientific Literacy through different strategies. Thus, the aim of this research was to analyze the contributions of implementing an Investigative Teaching Sequence (ITS), integrated with children's literature, for the development of Scientific Literacy (SL) in 5- and 6-year-old children. The research was conducted at a municipal early childhood education school, using the story "The Lava of the Colorful Volcano" as a basis, in accordance with the objectives proposed by the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and the Municipal Curriculum. The study was carried out through a qualitative approach, using the content analysis methodology proposed by Bardin (2011). Data was collected during the application of the ITS, through image and sound recordings, and analyzed based on the SL indicators proposed by Pizarro (2014). The results showed that the ITS integrated with children's literature is an effective strategy for developing scientific literacy from early childhood education, as well as promoting curiosity and critical thinking. Skills such as hypothesis formulation, refutation, observation and description, as well as thought organization and evidence identification, were also observed in the children during the scientific literacy process. It is concluded that the integration between Science Education and children's literature is an effective and interdisciplinary approach that significantly contributes to the comprehensive development of children and strengthens scientific literacy from the early stages of Basic Education.
Redesenhando acoplamento cruzado por 2 elétrons: conectando metodologias tradicionais com métodos emergentes de transferência de um elétron
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Oliveira, Camila Pelizzer de; Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407
This work explores methodologies for carbon-carbon bond formation, highlighting advances in traditional, oxidative, and reductive cross-couplings, as well as emerging strategies such as electrosynthesis and photocatalysis. Classical methods, including Heck, Suzuki, and Negishi reactions, are analyzed with an emphasis on the role of transition metal catalysts. Reactions involving single-electron transfer (SET) and the use of electrosynthesis for bond construction are also discussed. Particular focus is given to photocatalysis, which employs visible light to selectively activate substrates, emphasizing the types of substrates used, such as activated bonds (organic halides) and non-activated bonds (alcohols and carboxylic acids). Alcohol activation is highlighted as a key example of selective functionalization of complex molecules. This analysis demonstrates how these approaches expand synthetic possibilities, promoting greater efficiency in modern organic chemistry.
Gestão de resíduos com implementação da ferramenta 5S em laboratório de pesquisa acadêmica e extensionista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Pio, Wellington Moreira; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; Oliveira, Gustavo Silveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4779736032676678; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6073919314473630
Waste management in chemical laboratories represents a critical challenge to ensuring the safety of personnel and minimizing environmental impacts. This study aims to enhance the waste management practices in one of the research and extension laboratories of the Department of Chemistry at the Federal University of São Carlos (DQ-UFSCar) through the implementation of the 5S methodology. The research was conducted as a case study, assessing the laboratory's initial conditions and proposing improvements focused on organization, proper waste disposal, and process standardization. The analysis identified several issues, including the accumulation of unidentified waste, improper storage of materials, and the absence of standardized disposal protocols. The implementation of the 5S methodology contributed to creating a more organized, safer, and more efficient laboratory environment, reducing chemical hazards and improving researchers’ productivity. The results demonstrate that minor but systematic structural changes can generate significant positive impacts, positioning the laboratory as a reference model for other academic environments seeking more sustainable and organized operational practices.
Avaliação técnico-econômica do processo de hidrogenação seletiva de CO2 a metanol considerando os limites termodinâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Rosa, Clara Perecin; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1018936087607480
Methanol is an essential industrial input with broad applications in the chemical industry. It serves as a fuel, solvent, and a critical raw material in various sectors, including the production of plastics, paints, cosmetics, automotive parts, and construction materials. In industry, methanol production traditionally follows the syngas route, a catalytic process that converts a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Despite its extensive application, this method depends on fossil fuels, resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions. With increasing environmental concerns, more sustainable alternatives are gaining prominence, such as the use of CO₂ captured from industrial processes. This resource can help reduce the carbon footprint, promoting methanol production aligned with environmental goals. Therefore, considering the environmental issues related to fossil fuels used in industrial methanol production, this study aims to conduct a techno-economic evaluation of methanol production through selective CO₂ hydrogenation, a sustainable and less harmful alternative compared to the traditional syngas route. Methanol production simulations were performed using Aspen Plus V11 software, considering different scenarios by varying conversion, selectivity, and process pressure, always respecting the thermodynamic limits of the reaction. Based on the generated scenarios, ranges indicating the potential economic viability of the process were defined using Aspen Process Economic Analyzer (APEA) V11 software. This enables comparisons between current catalyst conversion and selectivity values and the targets required to achieve potential economic viability of the process. This analysis helps identify the technological improvements needed, particularly regarding catalysts, to make the process feasible. In the analysis conducted, the processes operating at 50 and 100 bar demonstrated economic viability from 35% conversion with 95% selectivity and 45% conversion with 90% selectivity, respectively.
Viabilidade econômica da produção de xilitol por Saccharomyces cerevisiae modificada in silico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Melo, Anna Karolina Tasaka de; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4884537291103582
Xylitol is a natural sweetener with a low glycemic index, making it a good alternative to sugar. In addition to being a healthier option, its sustainable production can utilize lignocellulosic residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, reducing environmental impacts. With the growing demand for healthier alternatives, xylitol has been gaining prominence in the market as a viable option for the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of xylitol production through the fermentation of lignocellulosic residues from sugarcane bagasse as a substrate. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, previously modified in silico in a metabolic engineering study, is applied in the fermentation process. The modeling of the xylitol production process was carried out using the SuperPro Designer process simulation software. Parametric sensitivity studies were also conducted to assess the feasibility of the process under variations in conversion, production scale, and xylitol price. The economic feasibility was confirmed, but the choice of the best combination of parameters depends on the selected priorities. An efficiency of 95% is the best way to optimize yield without significantly impacting OPEX.The combination of a larger scale, higher conversion, and higher selling price favors the Payback. For the IRR, the most viable project is linked to a larger scale and a higher xylitol price. Fermentation influences the results, but the studied conversion range had a smaller impact compared to other factors. For future studies, it is recommended to expand the conversion range and establish more detailed metrics to optimize economic analysis.
Efeito adicional da terapia manual associada ao exercício terapêutico na dor, funcionalidade e limiar de dor por pressão em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Silva, Viviane Ribeiro da; Selistre, Luiz Fernando Approbato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776458133234039; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-9794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2401198652400879; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3444-1592
INTRODUCTION: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative disease that affects people over 40 years of age, mainly women. In KOA, the main complaint is pain and reduced functionality. There may be changes in pain processing and result in pain sensitization, which can be assessed by pressure pain thresholds (PPT). In addition to health education, exercise (EX) and weight reduction are recommended by clinical practice guidelines. Positive effects of manual therapy (MT), commonly used in clinical practice and recommended together with an EX program, have also been observed. However, the level of evidence is uncertain and there is a lack of standardization of protocols and nomenclatures, which interfere with recommendations on the additional benefit of MT in the treatment of KOA. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the results regarding the additional effect of MT when associated with EX compared to EX alone on pain intensity, functionality and PPT in individuals with KOA. METHODS: This systematic review included studies published up to March 2024 in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science. Clinical trials of KOA that evaluated the effect of MT associated with EX, compared with EX alone, were included. The risk of victory was assessed by the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale and the level of certainty of evidence was established by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations). RESULTS: Twenty-five clinical trials with a total of 2012 participants were included. The analyses indicated that there was an additional effect of MT associated with EX compared to EX alone for improving pain intensity in the immediate (mean difference (MD) = -0.53; 95% CI = [-0.97 to -0.09]) and short term (MD = -1.30; 95% CI = [-1.77 to -0.83]) and for functionality in the short (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.89; 95% CI = [-1.49 to -0.29]) and medium term (SMD = -0.62; 95% CI = [-1.13 to -0.10]), but MT did not present an additional long-term benefit for pain (MD 0.15; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.29) and functionality (SMD = -0.09; 95% CI = -0.34 to 0.17). The level of evidence for the results was very low to moderate, and the risk of bias averaged 6 across studies. CONCLUSION: This review shows that MT has an additional beneficial effect on EX both immediately and in the short term, but did not show any benefit in the medium or long term for pain intensity and functionality in the population with KOA. LAY SUMMARY: If you have knee arthritis/arthrosis, your physical therapist may use massage along with exercise at the beginning of your treatment to help you decrease pain intensity and improve functionality.
Telessaúde no contexto da pandemia COVID-19 e seus efeitos na capacidade funcional e preocupação de cair em pessoas idosas com demência: um ensaio clínico, randomizado e controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Tsen, Carolina; Pelicioni, Paulo Henrique Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1224790146867876; Andrade, Larissa Pires de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8496018363225328
This doctoral thesis comprised three studies addressing the theme of telehealth and older adults with dementia and their caregivers during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Study I involved presenting a telehealth protocol featuring physical exercises and a multidisciplinary approach for older adults with dementia and their caregivers in a situation of social distancing due to COVID-19. The reviewed studies indicated that a multicomponent exercise program has beneficial effects on cognitive function, functional capacity, and quality of life in older adults with dementia when compared to physical exercise programs performed in isolation. It was also observed that physical exercise applied to older adults with dementia can help reduce stress and caregiver burden. Study II involved the adaptation and analysis of intra- and inter-rater reliability for functional mobility and muscle strength tests conducted remotely in the home environment with older adults with dementia. The performance on these remotely executed physical tests was correlated with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The study included 43 older adults with a medical diagnosis of dementia. The tests — Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Dual-Task Timed Up and Go (TUG-DT), and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (TSL30s) — were conducted via video calls using Google Meet. Participants’ performance during the tests was recorded for later assessment of inter- and intra-rater reliability. Intra-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent for all tests performed. Inter-rater reliability values were fair for gait speed, moderate for some SPPB items, good for the SPPB two-feet balance test and total SPPB score, and excellent for the remaining tests. All tests showed significant correlation with the TUG, suggesting an association between the performance on the applied tests. Study III aimed to analyze the effects of the telehealth program — which included physical exercises and a multidisciplinary approach — on functional capacity, activities of daily living, and fear of falling in older adults with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighty individuals with mild to moderate dementia were randomized into two groups: intervention group (IG) (n=41) and control group (CG) (n=39). Participants were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention (12 weeks), and at follow-up (12 weeks after the intervention ended). Assessments included the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, the SPPB, the TSL30s, and the Iconographical Falls Scale. The IG did not show improvements in functional capacity, daily living activities, or fear of falling in older adults with dementia compared to the CG. However, this study provides valuable insights for future telehealth-based research. Telehealth presents itself as an adaptable approach for the assessment and follow-up of older adults with dementia, particularly through the use of functional mobility and muscle strength tests, and as a feasible means of delivering physical exercise in the home setting.
PIBID E PRP no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial: análise das práticas pedagógicas em ciências da natureza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Magnoni, Fabio Moda; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-7964; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794946206986787; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-8056
This research is set within the context of Emergency Remote Teaching, implemented as an alternative to in-person classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the study investigates the pedagogical practices carried out in the area of Natural Sciences, as reported in articles about PIBID (Institutional Program of Teaching Initiation Scholarships) and PRP (Pedagogical Residency Program). The selected database to identify such works was the Capes Periodicals Portal, due to the robustness of its collection. Through pre-established search descriptors, works from different areas were found, which, after filtering, were restricted to the area of Sciences/Biology. After this final filtering, the remaining works included: four related to PIBID and seven related to PRP. Thus, this dissertation is characterized as a bibliographical research, and for data analysis, the Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) method was adopted, as proposed by Moraes and Galiazzi (2016). The study achieved its proposed objectives, contributing to discussions in the field of Science Education. It was found that the most recurring pedagogical models in the analyzed practices were the Constructivist model and the Science, Technology, and Society (STS) model, according to the framework of Fernandes (2015). Therefore, it was concluded that the lack of technological support for students and teachers, as well as the scarcity of resources in schools, hindered the development of learning in Emergency Remote Teaching, while Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) proved to be an essential support for the pedagogical practices carried out.
Modelagem da mortalidade por COVID-19 nos países europeus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Amaral, Leonardo de Salles; Pereira, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4536501674241631
The present study on modeling COVID-19 mortality in European countries provides insights into how each European nation behaved throughout the pandemic. The objective of this study is to model mortality using parametric GAMLSS models, as these models allow the response variable to belong to distributions beyond the exponential family, enabling a wide range of modeling options with various distributions. Due to the scale of the damage caused by COVID-19 globally, this study aims to identify variables that can explain the differences in mortality rates among European countries. Considering the sensitivity of the subject, it is crucial to pay attention to variables that, even with an apparently modest relationship, can have a significant impact on the response variable, as variations of only 0.1% in the covariates may reflect in thousands of lives affected. The results of this study can help health organizations and governments take the necessary measures to combat and manage future pandemics.
Simulação de colunas de destilação para produção de etanol hidratado: avaliação do impacto de parâmetros de processo nas perdas de etanol nas correntes de resíduos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Zanarotti, Francine; Queiroz, João Paulo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-2773
In response to the growing demand for mitigating environmental impacts, ethanol has emerged as a promising alternative in the transition to a more sustainable energy matrix. In the conventional process adopted by Brazilian distilleries for obtaining hydrated ethanol, two distillation columns, referred to as columns A and B, are used. In these columns, the wine resulting from fermentation, with an alcohol content of 8 to 12% v/v, is processed to produce hydrated ethanol with an alcohol content of 92.5 to 94.6% w/w. Vinasse and phlegmasse residues are by-products generated during ethanol production, with vinasse being the bottom stream of column A and phlegmasse the bottom stream of column B. The efficiency of the distillation process is evaluated by the ratio between the amount of ethanol recovered and the amount of ethanol initially present in the wine feed. To ensure adequate ethanol recovery efficiency, alcohol losses in the vinasse and phlegmasse streams must be maintained below 0.02% v/v. This study aims to simulate a real distillation apparatus to produce hydrated ethanol fuel using Aspen Plus® software, developed by Aspen Tech. The simulation enables the construction of a model to be used for future evaluations, as well as the analysis of the impact of fluctuations in process parameters, such as steam flow rate, on ethanol losses in the vinasse and phlegmasse streams. The steam consumption obtained in the simulation was 2.28 kg/L of ethanol, and an inverse proportionality was observed between steam consumption and ethanol losses in the residue streams. The simulated temperatures showed a good correlation with the operational conditions of the real equipment, reinforcing the representativeness of the developed model.
Extrusão por fricção sob alta razão de extrusão de resíduos de usinagem da liga AA6082
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Ignácio, Guilherme Poy; Rath, Lars; Koga, Guilherme Yuuki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0695196520720923
This study investigates the variations in mechanical and microstructural properties during the extrusion of fine wires from AA6082 alloy chips under a high extrusion ratio, with an emphasis on the impact of processing conditions. The process conditions, such as speed, torque, and temperature, varied throughout the extrusion, resulting in significant changes in both the mechanical properties and the microstructural evolution of the material. The results highlight that the use of high extrusion ratios (greater than 1000) was effective in promoting a homogeneous refinement of the microstructure throughout the entire length of the extruded wire, regardless of variations in processing parameters. In terms of mechanical properties, the extruded samples exhibited an Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of 265 MPa, a fracture elongation of 9.8%, and a microhardness of 98 HV0.2, values comparable to the material in the T4 condition. Hardness, tensile strength, and elongation were strongly influenced by the temperature characteristic of the process, with hardness being attributed to the formation of precipitates and the latter two due to the presence of defects. However, the study revealed that temperature plays a crucial role in the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material. Starting from the seventh meter of extrusion, a reduction in mechanical properties was observed, with a severe degradation after the thirteenth meter. This behavior was attributed to the increase in temperature, which approached the material’s melting temperature, compromising the process stability and the integrity of the extrudate. Temperature analysis, using a thermocouple placed 1 mm from the surface of the die, indicated that the actual temperature at the contact interface could have been even higher, exacerbating the thermal effects. The temperature rise was also exacerbated by the form of the feedstock. The use of chips as raw material resulted in a significant temperature increase due to the high surface area of contact and the friction between particles, intensified by the high rotational speeds of the process. This is consistent with previous studies that report that using chips increases the temperature of the process compared to other types of feedstock. The high extrusion ratio was considered a critical parameter, promoting homogeneous grain refinement throughout the radius of the extruded wire, a behavior distinct from that observed in larger diameter extrudates. vi Hardness tests indicated the formation of precipitates during extrusion, in line with previous findings, but suggested the need for further investigations into the precipitation kinetics in 6xxx series alloys under non-conventional heat treatment conditions. Additionally, it was highlighted that phenomena inherent to friction extrusion, such as severe plastic deformation (SPD), dynamic recrystallization, and heat generation, directly influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material. Based on the findings, temperature control was identified as a crucial factor to ensure process stability and maintain the mechanical properties of the material throughout the extrusion process.
Profissionais da saúde 50+: a utilização de tecnologias e as vivências de perdas e lutos durante a pandemia da covid-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Areco, Felipe de Souza; Pedro, Wilson José Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135701448186851; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-7078; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3737634164531513; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-4744
The Covid-19 pandemic presented numerous challenges to healthcare professionals, who faced the dual pressures of rapidly adapting to modern technologies and managing the emotional toll of the sudden loss of patients. This study aims to understand the experiences of healthcare professionals, focusing on the use of technologies and the process of grief during the fight against Covid-19. The main objective of this work was to comprehend the experiences of healthcare professionals aged 50 and over who were on the pandemic's frontlines, emphasizing the use of technologies and the emotional impact of patient loss. Additionally, the research sought to explore how these professionals coped with grief and how team-based experience-sharing and reflections on death supported their emotional resilience. The study employed a qualitative approach, conducting interviews with healthcare professionals over 50 years old who were directly involved in the Covid-19 response. The interviews addressed topics related to the use of technologies for communication with patients and their families, as well as the emotional experiences surrounding grief from the loss of patients. The sample included professionals from various healthcare fields, such as physicians, nurses, and other members of intensive care teams. The theoretical framework adopted for analyzing the experiences of healthcare professionals was phenomenology. By applying this approach, the research sought to understand how healthcare professionals emotionally experienced the pandemic, encompassing the technological challenges and the impact of grief, while preserving the individuality and subjectivity of each experience. The results revealed that adapting to modern technologies was a significant challenge, particularly regarding remote communication with patients and their families. Many professionals reported initial difficulties using digital platforms but also acknowledged the importance of these tools in maintaining connections with patients and providing emotional support to their families. Furthermore, the sudden loss of patients due to Covid-19 deeply affected the emotional well-being of professionals, many of whom expressed feelings of helplessness, frustration, and anticipatory grief. The exchange of experiences among team members and the opportunity to reflect on grief were highlighted as key resources for supporting the emotional coping of these professionals. The study concludes that healthcare professionals aged 50 and over faced significant challenges during the pandemic, both technological and emotional. While the use of technologies was critical for continuing care, it required rapid adaptation and training strategies. The emotional impact of patient loss, especially in the context of sudden deaths caused by Covid-19, necessitated continuous psychological support and collective reflection practices, such as team experience-sharing. The research emphasizes the importance of providing ongoing emotional support and adequate training to healthcare professionals to ensure their mental health and well-being in the face of the pandemic’s challenges.
A financeirização no Brasil: fundos de investimentos, intermediários e inovações financeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Cruz, Wilton Vicente Gonçalves da; Sacomano Neto, Mário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-1700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3465359195555265; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-1704
The financialization of capitalism has led to changes in the accumulation patterns and power structures of economies. This transformation is largely driven by the increased economic power of institutional investors. This strengthening of the primacy of finance over other economic and social dimensions has greatly increased interest in studies of financialization. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the financialization of the Brazilian economy. This study emphasizes the cooperative relationships between the state and other economic actors in shaping a financialized economic environment, and is supported by the strategic action field theory and the sociology of finance. Given the multifaceted nature of financialization, this thesis investigates three economic contexts. The first part investigates financialization in Brazil through the expansion of the Brazilian investment fund market. Based on an exploratory and descriptive analysis of historical data, this part highlights the fundamental role of the state in shaping an economic environment favorable to the growth of the economic power of these financial actors. The second part investigates the investment strategies of the "Big Three" as blockholders in the ownership of companies operating in Brazil. Based on an exploratory and descriptive analysis of the data, this part emphasizes the financialization of corporate control by highlighting the increased influence of actors and financial markets on the control of large companies. The third part investigates the financialization of Brazilian agribusiness through the emergence of Fiagros as financial innovations, problematizing land concentration and foreignization as consequences of this phenomenon. Based on an exploratory and descriptive analysis of historical data and social network analysis, this part highlights the fundamental role of the state in shaping Brazilian agribusiness as a space for rentier financial accumulation and the reproduction of financial actors. The results support the thesis of the financialization of the Brazilian economy. Institutional investors turned out to be the main actors in this process of transformation of the Brazilian economy. The deliberate actions of the state have allowed the Brazilian investment fund market to grow substantially and have increased the power of these investors in the Brazilian economy. The "Big Three" hold significant shareholdings in most of the large companies operating in Brazil and in all sectors of activity, indicating a possible investment strategy focused on "horizontal ownership". The significant growth of the Fiagros funds is indicative of the increasing dependence of Brazilian agribusiness on the financial market. Land has emerged as an important asset for investment by large agribusiness companies and international financial asset managers. Through deliberate government action, these investors have broadened their accumulation base for the activities of this important component of the Brazilian economy.
Estimativa de carga limite de serviço em placas CLT: desenvolvimento de equação e software
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Silva, Guilherme dos Santos; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8653086621957741; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9398-4511
The industrialized product Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), with wood as its primary raw material, serves as a competitive structural element compared to conventional reinforced concrete slabs. As a result, the proliferation of manufacturers producing this element in several countries is already a reality. Given that the current calculation methods for CLT in standards documents are one-dimensional and do not adequately capture its complex behaviour, a software for structural analysis of CLT panels and regression models (classical and symbolic approach) for estimating the load in service condition in a two-dimensional approach are proposed. This equation was made possible through a parametric study varying the geometric properties of the panel (length, width, veneer configuration) followed by simulations performed in the software itself. The developed software presented is reliable with small percentage differences (from 0.004% to 3.452%) in the displacement, main forces and stresses, when compared to similar software. The proposed best-fit equation, obtained by the symbolic regression model, presented adequate accuracy in estimating the service limit load, achieving a coefficient of determination (R²) equal to 99.996%. Therefore, the simplicity of the models combined with their excellent accuracies provide engineers with insights for better pre-desing of CLT panels.
Perfil da pessoa idosa internada em um hospital universitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Silva, Felipe Bueno da; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-0251; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4741491261640650; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-5806
Due to the disease profile, older people exhibit a high rate of disability and increased use of health services, resulting in elevated system costs. Hospitalization of older people is an essential resource in healthcare, but it may be associated with a loss of functional capacity, increased frailty, and cognitive decline. Multidimensional and interdisciplinary strategies are necessary to optimize care during hospitalization and facilitate the transition back home. Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of hospitalized older people and to examine the association between health demands, cognition, functionality, and depression according to age group. Method: This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals aged 60 years or older who were hospitalized in the adult/older people medical clinic unit at the University Hospital of the Federal University of São Carlos. Data were collected using a protocol that included sociodemographic characterization and health data, evaluation of cognitive performance using the 10-Point Cognitive Screener (10- CS), assessment of dependence in basic activities of daily living (BADL) using the Katz Scale, evaluation of dependence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) using the Lawton & Brody Scale, and assessment of depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to analyze the association between age group and the Katz, Lawton & Brody, and 10-CS scales (recategorized into binary form), while Fisher’s Exact Test was employed to analyze associations between multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and the presence of depressive symptoms, as well as the association between age group and the three response levels of the evaluation scales (10-CS, Katz, and Lawton & Brody), with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05) and a 95% confidence interval. Results: The sample comprised 51 participants with a mean age of 73.7 years (±9.7), of whom 56.9% were women. There was a predominance of older people who were married or living with a partner, white, and retired, with an average of 7.35 (±4.5) years of schooling. The presence of five or more comorbidities was identified in 60.8% of the sample, and polypharmacy was present in 67.2%, with an average of 5.5 medications taken daily. Regarding hospitalization, the main complaint was dyspnea (21.6%), with respiratory diseases being the primary reason for hospitalization (33.3%) and unspecified pneumonia the main diagnosis (21.6%). A significant association was found between age and cognitive function (p = 0.02), BADL (p < 0.01), and IADL (p = 0.03), while no significant association was observed between multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The identified profile is characterized by a predominance of older people, mostly white and female, with low educational attainment, who live with a partner and exhibit a high prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. In the vast majority of individuals, a probable cognitive deficit was observed, alongside the absence of depressive symptoms, maintenance of autonomy in basic activities of daily living, and partial dependence in instrumental activities. The associations between the degree of dependence and cognitive decline underscore the need for recurrent assessments and the implementation of protocols during hospitalization, aiming to maintain functionality and prevent cognitive decline. This profile supports the establishment of indicators and the development of strategies for the proper management of chronic comorbidities, physical frailty, risk of delirium, and the potential loss of functionality frequently associated with the hospitalization of older people.
Caracterização e comparação microestrutural de regiões com diferentes tempos locais de solidificação em aço ferramenta para trabalho a frio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Paschoaneli, Vinicius de Souza; Otani, Lucas Barcelos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2519980413159984; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-2335
Cold work tool steels are materials widely used in industrial processes due to their high wear resistance, toughness, and dimensional stability. This study aimed to investigate the microstructural condition of the VF800AT® tool steel in its as-cast state, focusing on the influence of local solidification time on the morphology, size, and distribution of carbides. To achieve this objective, thermodynamic calculations computational simulations were conducted using the Thermo-Calc® and ProCAST® software, along with experimental analyses, including microstructural characterization through optical microscopy and carbide quantification using the ImageJ® software. The results confirmed that the local solidification time directly influences the distribution and size of carbides. Samples taken near the bottom of the ingot, characterized by shorter solidification times, exhibited smaller and more uniformly distributed carbides. Conversely, samples located near the top of the ingot, where solidification time was longer, displayed larger and more segregated carbides, aligning with theoretical expectations. However, one sample presented divergent results, showing an absence of large and segregated carbides, raising hypotheses about statistical coincidences, unidentified metallurgical phenomena, or three-dimensional variations in the microstructure. Thus, this study reinforces the importance of controlling solidification time in the production of tool steels, highlighting its influence on microstructural homogeneity and, consequently, on the material's mechanical properties. The findings also suggest the need for further investigations to better understand the observed particularities, contributing to advancements in the processing and development of high-performance metallic alloys.
Fabricação de novos filamentos condutores para a produção de sensores eletroquímicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-02-14) Fernandes Junior, Wilson Silva; Stefano, Jéssica Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4561147158439499; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-3555; Janegitz, Bruno Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-9795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1817819152221589; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-5878
Additive manufacturing allows the production of objects layer upon layer from three-dimensional models, reducing costs and enabling mass production. Electrochemical sensors printed through additive manufacturing require conductive filaments, but commercial ones are expensive and imported, in addition to having inferior performance. Laboratory-produced filaments stand out by reducing import dependence and allowing for control over electrical conductivity. With electrochemical sensors made from these filaments, it is possible to detect various analytes, such as antibiotics. Sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine are antibiotics used to treat pathogenic bacterial infections in cattle and humans. However, when administered in high doses or improperly, these drugs can cause bioaccumulation in humans and animal-derived products. Therefore, the aim of this work was to manufacture a conductive filament using carbon black, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and polylactic acid, used in the production of sensors to determine sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine in water and milk samples, in a linear range of 5.0 to 60 μmol L−1 and 5.0 to 50 μmol L−1, respectively, with a limit of detection of 0.3 μmol L−1 for both, demonstrating high efficiency for electrochemical applications.