Redesenhando acoplamento cruzado por 2 elétrons: conectando metodologias tradicionais com métodos emergentes de transferência de um elétron

Abstract

This work explores methodologies for carbon-carbon bond formation, highlighting advances in traditional, oxidative, and reductive cross-couplings, as well as emerging strategies such as electrosynthesis and photocatalysis. Classical methods, including Heck, Suzuki, and Negishi reactions, are analyzed with an emphasis on the role of transition metal catalysts. Reactions involving single-electron transfer (SET) and the use of electrosynthesis for bond construction are also discussed. Particular focus is given to photocatalysis, which employs visible light to selectively activate substrates, emphasizing the types of substrates used, such as activated bonds (organic halides) and non-activated bonds (alcohols and carboxylic acids). Alcohol activation is highlighted as a key example of selective functionalization of complex molecules. This analysis demonstrates how these approaches expand synthetic possibilities, promoting greater efficiency in modern organic chemistry.