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Uso de RPAS no monitoramento de restauração florestal: acurácia posicional de produtos RGB e LiDAR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-10)
Dorth, Melodie Kern Sarubo
;
Molin, Paulo Guilherme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-935X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7754469716618696
Due to global changes driven by greenhouse gas emissions and land use alterations, the conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems are essential to mitigate these impacts through carbon sequestration, biodiversity protection, and the provision of ecosystem services. In this context, accessible and cost-effective monitoring technologies—such as the use of drones and sensors—emerge as promising alternatives to complement field data collection and reduce associated costs. However, several challenges remain, particularly regarding the positional quality of geospatial data, which necessitates strategies such as optimizing data acquisition timing, selecting appropriate techniques, sensors, and flight parameters, as well as implementing control points to correct geometric distortions and enhance spatial accuracy. Additionally, limitations of the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and the lack of accuracy information underscore the need for complementary measures to improve the reliability of geospatial surveys. This thesis aimed to evaluate the positional accuracy of RGB (Red-Green-Blue) and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) products, considering the integration of ground control points (GCPs) during data processing. To meet this objective, the first stage involved the establishment of the Cepegeo Network, comprising fifteen geodetic control points across diverse environments, surveyed using conventional topographic and geodetic methods. The collected data were adjusted and compiled into descriptive reports. In the second stage, GNSS methodologies were evaluated based on tracking duration and environmental scenarios, including areas adjacent to forests and more challenging environments, such as near water bodies or buildings. The analysis revealed that the relative static and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques (with a minimum tracking time of 30 minutes) achieved accuracies ranging from 10.1 to 30 cm in open areas and low-density forests. In dense forests, accuracy decreased, ranging from 50.1 to 80 cm, highlighting the canopy's impact on signal quality. Regarding vertical accuracy, none of the GNSS methodologies achieved results compatible with geodetic adjustments. Among them, the relative static technique delivered the best performance in terms of positional precision and reliability, establishing itself as the most effective for surveys under varied conditions. The third stage focused on assessing the accuracy of products generated by RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) equipped with RGB and LiDAR sensors over a forest restoration site. A total of 90 control points, both horizontal and vertical, were established using dual-frequency GNSS receivers, total stations, and differential leveling. Subsequent drone flights were conducted using RGB and LiDAR-equipped systems, and the data were processed in commercial software platforms utilizing their open-access tools. For the RGB-derived data, orthomosaics and digital elevation models were generated with varying numbers of GCPs. Results indicated that RGB product accuracy was rated as “optimal” when four GCPs were used, while the inclusion of more than 50 GCPs led to overfitting, resulting in reduced accuracy in certain areas. Regarding the LiDAR products, point cloud classification and canopy height model generation were performed. Planimetric analysis revealed an average horizontal displacement of 1.2 meters when data were processed without RTK base station corrections, along with minor deformations in the central area of the model. The evaluation of vertical accuracy suggested that the positional quality of LiDAR data cannot be considered absolute, given the variations introduced by sensor-software interactions, particularly in geotag correction processes. This research presents an innovative approach by evaluating the accuracy of products generated by RGB and LiDAR sensors, as well as analyzing the accuracy of the control points themselves used to enhance product precision. The integration of RPAS with these sensors, in conjunction with geodetic GCPs and advanced processing techniques, proved to be an effective strategy for mapping and analyzing forest restoration areas. The careful selection and balanced distribution of GCPs, along with RTK-based corrections, are critical to ensuring high positional quality. Although challenges such as GCP oversaturation and LiDAR data adjustments require meticulous planning, the combined use of these technologies enhances the efficiency and robustness of environmental surveys. Further research is recommended, including varying flight altitudes and the deployment of more advanced sensors—particularly for LiDAR—as well as the use of premium software versions to further improve the outcomes.
Cinzas de caldeira: revisão, caracterização e oportunidades de aproveitamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-10)
Resende, Rafaela da Silva
;
Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2628430849402422
;
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0718-5903
The increasing generation of ashes derived from biomass combustion presents both environmental and industrial challenges, requiring strategies for their management and reuse. This study investigated their physicochemical characteristics, sources, and potential applications to promote sustainable alternatives. A literature review was conducted on the influence of combustion technologies on ash composition and its environmental implications. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed to map the progress of scientific production in the field, identifying trends, leading researchers, and prominent journals. The systematic review revealed that most studies focus on the use of fly ash in construction materials, while other possibilities, such as agricultural applications and industrial processes, remain less explored. Simultaneously, the experimental characterization of different types of biomass ashes enabled the assessment of their physical and chemical properties, distinguishing between fly ash and bottom ash. The results showed significant variability in the analyzed parameters, with fly ash exhibiting lower density (435.9 kg/m³) and moisture content (6%, wet basis), while bottom ash had a higher residual carbon content (41.23%), suggesting incomplete combustion. The chemical composition revealed significant concentrations of silica, phosphorus, and potassium, highlighting their potential for agricultural and industrial applications, although the presence of heavy metals (Mn and Zn) may pose environmental risks. The bibliometric analysis indicated significant growth in research on ashes in recent years, with a higher concentration of studies focused on engineering and materials science, while topics such as environmental impact, economic feasibility, and regulation still require further exploration. Moreover, most experiments are conducted on a laboratory scale, without considering operational challenges for large-scale implementation. In conclusion, despite advancements in knowledge about biomass ashes, gaps remain that need to be addressed to ensure their safe and efficient use. Investments in research focused on standardization, life cycle analysis, and environmental impacts are essential to expand reuse possibilities and mitigate the damages caused by improper disposal.
Análise de distribuição espaço-temporal da neblina no Litoral Norte do Parque Estadual Serra do Mar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-12)
Chaverri, Andrés Gabriel Arguedas
;
Toppa, Rogério Hartung
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729
;
Tonello, Kelly Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
Fog detection has been widely studied for decades, both for its ecological significance and its various impacts on human activities. While substantial advances have been made in satellite-based detection methodologies, knowledge gaps persist in understanding fog formation patterns in different regions worldwide. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of fog in the Northern Coast of the Serra do Mar State Park (PESM), São Paulo. The research is structured into three chapters. The first chapter presents a literature review on fog and low-stratus (FLS) detection using satellite imagery. The second chapter investigates changes in fog frequency over time by developing an algorithm based on MODIS satellite data within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The third chapter characterizes the fog formation process and its spatial distribution within the study area, analyzing the topographic and climatic variables influencing this phenomenon. The literature review highlighted a recent trend in publications focusing on fog forecasting methods over marine environments and spatiotemporal patterns in ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. The fog frequency analysis revealed an increase during winter, with potential contributing factors discussed, along with their impact on local hydrological processes. In the third chapter, results indicated that fog in the study area is predominantly orographic, driven by the interaction between irregular topography, temperature, and wind patterns. This increase is potentially linked to climate change and the role of native forests in maintaining humidity and enhancing fog formation. Wind patterns, terrain heterogeneity, and land surface temperature (LST) in forested areas create a favorable environment for fog development, particularly of the orographic type.
Urban landscape resilience: integrating natural areas with urban planning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-12)
Ribeiro, Marina
;
Mello, Kaline de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1974531968891537
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-3042
;
Valente, Roberta Averna
As urbanization accelerates rapidly, projections indicate that by 2050, four out of every five people will live in cities, underscoring the urgent need to mitigate environmental impacts while promoting sustainable urban development. Cities, responsible for around 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions, are both vulnerable to climate change and essential to addressing it. Recent climate-related disasters, such as floods and heatwaves, exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations. Confronting these challenges necessitates integrated solutions encouraging green, inclusive, and resilient urban growth. Green infrastructure, a nature-based solution, has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing cities' climate resilience while delivering multiple social, ecological, and economic benefits. This thesis investigates green infrastructure planning to optimize ecosystem services and its benefits for urban communities. Using the municipality of Sorocaba as a case study, the main objective was to develop a spatial model to identify priority areas for implementing green infrastructure, addressing themes like biodiversity, flood mitigation, temperature regulation, and social wellbeing. Additionally, the thesis aimed to explore urban planning scenario simulations, examining plausible futures for 2030 and 2050. The research hypothesis posits that spatial modeling can pinpoint priority areas by integrating natural and social systems amid the complexities of urban environments. The results highlight spatial trade-offs and synergies in identifying priority areas for urban multi-ecosystem services, emphasizing the importance of a well-connected green infrastructure network to enhance its multifunctionality and promote equitable access to green spaces, especially in areas with socio-spatial inequalities. The research also analyzed future urban growth scenarios, demonstrating how compact urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of unchecked sprawl and strengthen urban resilience, promoting sustainability, inclusion, and environmental justice.
Incêndios na Mata Atlântica: seletividade em diferentes ambientes e impactos na diversidade de aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-13)
Adorno, Bruno Faria da Cunha Barbosa
;
Ribeiro, Milton Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4158685235743119
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-202X
;
Piratelli, Augusto João
Wildfires are becoming an increasingly common disturbance in tropical forests, driven by the intensification of human activities and climate change. In this context, understanding fire patterns and its impacts on biological communities is critical to informing effective management and conservation strategies. This PhD thesis tackles these issues within the Atlantic Forest biome through two main chapters. In the first chapter, published in the Journal of Environmental Management, I explored how fire interacts with different land-use and land-cover types over a 35-year period (1987–2022). By analyzing data from more than 40,000 fires, I found that secondary forests are the most fire-prone environments, while old-growth forests are the least susceptible, demonstrating their remarkable resilience to fire. One particularly striking result was the reduced fire selectivity in secondary forests over time, suggesting that as ecological succession progresses, these forests become increasingly resistant to fire. The second chapter, submitted to the Journal of Applied Ecology, investigates how fire affects bird communities in the Atlantic Forest. I focused on how fire influences species composition and diversity—both taxonomic and functional—while also examining how landscape and fire characteristics shape these responses. The findings showed that, overall, fire did not significantly alter the composition or diversity of bird communities. However, species richness was positively linked to vegetation productivity, and functional diversity was influenced by fire size. Together, these two chapters provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between fire, landscapes, and biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest. The results highlight the need for public policies and management strategies that are tailored to local conditions, such as forest restoration initiatives and fire-smart management practices. These actions are essential for addressing the increasing threat of wildfires and preserving the biodiversity of this critically endangered biome.
Métodos de inferência para modelos de regressão aplicados a dados sorológicos de pacientes HIV+ com múltiplos níveis de censura à esquerda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Felix, Matheus Henrique
;
Vieira, Afrânio Márcio Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2859528672308405
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-6377
;
Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
In this study, the focus is on data that exhibit the occurrence of left-censoring. This type of censoring occurs when the exact time of the event is unknown, but it is known to have occurred before the recorded time. A common example is in the analysis of serological laboratory data, which directly impacts decision-making by physicians, researchers, and other related specialists. Most published studies explore cross-sectional designs, where only one level of censoring is considered. However, occurrences of multiple left-censored measurements at different levels for a single patient are quite common when monitoring a patient's health over time. The same applies to tests conducted in different laboratories, as equipment varies, resulting in different censoring levels. Currently, researchers in the clinical field often exclude such data from their analyses. From a regression perspective, it is essential to adequately model the influence of time, factors, and/or covariates on viral load, as well as the correlation between repeated measurements for the same patient. These aspects are crucial for ensuring reliable statistical inferences, both in clinical trials and in observational cohort or case-control studies. In this context, the objective of this work is to present an appropriate methodology for handling data with multiple levels of left-censoring, particularly assuming Weibull and Log-Normal distributions, applied to real viral load data from HIV-infected patients.
Efeitos do contaminante emergente nonilfenol etoxilado (NPE) em múltiplos biomarcadores em girinos de rã-touro (Aquarana catesbeiana) sob o cenário do aquecimento global
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Gonçalves, Yan Costa
;
Monteiro, Diana Amaral
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-6673
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4296128053314097
The global decline in amphibian populations has been extensively documented and is attributed to a complex interplay of environmental factors. Among these, chemical pollution from emerging contaminants, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), combined with the increase in surface water temperatures due to climate change, stands out. These factors, acting synergistically, may exacerbate the significant decline in amphibian species. NPE, a surfactant widely used in the formulation of sanitary, hygienic and agrochemical products, has frequently been detected in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems at alarming concentrations, exceeding international regulations. Despite its environmental relevance, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the sublethal effects of NPE on amphibians, particularly under thermal stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the sublethal effects of acute exposure (48 h) to an environmentally relevant concentration of NPE (30 µg L-1) on Aquarana catesbeiana tadpoles at Gosner stage 25, under two distinct thermal conditions (25°C and 30°C), as well as to evaluate the interaction between these factors (NPE × temperature). Multiple biomarkers were analyzed: biometric indices (Fulton’s condition factor [K], hepatosomatic index [HSI], and relative ventricular mass [RVM]), physiological biomarkers (heart rate [fH], ventricular contraction force [Fc], cardiac pumping capacity [CPC], contraction rate [+dF/dt], and relaxation rate [-dF/dt]), biochemical biomarkers (activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]; reduced glutathione content [GSH]; levels of lipid peroxidation [LPO] and protein carbonylation [PC] in hepatic, branchial, and muscular tissues), and neurotoxic biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity in the brain and muscle). Exposure to NPE induced hepatotoxic effects (reduction in HSI and antioxidant defenses), cardiotoxic effects (reductions in RVM, Fc, +dF/dt, and -dF/dt), tachycardia, alterations in the antioxidant defense system, and oxidative stress in the gills and muscle, as well as inhibition of muscular AChE. The increase in temperature intensified the negative inotropic effect, depleted branchial antioxidant defenses, and exacerbated oxidative stress in the liver and muscle, in addition to causing central neurotoxicity. These results indicate that in environments contaminated with NPE, rising temperatures associated with climate change may aggravate the sublethal effects of NPE, even after short-term exposure. The absence of regulations for safe NPE concentrations in Brazilian legislation, coupled with global warming, represents a critical threat to biodiversity, particularly for amphibians, highlighting the urgent need for environmental guidelines and mitigation strategies.
Trivialidade topológica relativa de família de funções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Figueira, Vitor de Moraes
;
Tomazella, João Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0051564735964760
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-0886
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6307066011187330
In this work, we investigate the C^0-\mathcal{R}_X-triviality of families of germs h : (\mathbb{C}^n \times \mathbb{C}, 0) \to (\mathbb{C}, 0), extending the classical \mathcal{R}-equivalence to the context of the group \mathcal{R}_X, which preserves an analytic subvariety (X,0). We analyze sufficient conditions for topological triviality based on the integral closure of the tangent space to the group \mathcal{R}_X, with a particular focus on deformations in quasi-homogeneous varieties. We also study the constancy of the Bruce-Roberts number, \mu_{BR}, in families of functions with isolated singularities.
Energias renováveis e mudanças climáticas - Uma jornada de convergências domésticas e internacionais? Análise da promoção da agenda de transição energética no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Picchi, Livia
;
Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869018482093008
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0932023056754406
The presente work comprises a comprehensive approach to analyzing the issue os energy, trough a political perspective. The objective is to investigate and map the international and domestic factors that motivated the formulation of public policies to encourage energy generation from renewable sources in Brazil, as well as the actors and arenas, analyzing the influence of international guidelines and international cooperation agréments that deals with renewable energy and mapping the trajectory of policies enacted on the subject by each presidente, in a period rangin from the 1990s to 2016. To this end, two types of sources are used in research, primary and secondary. The list os primary sources will include a study of a oficial documents prepared and made available by the Brazilian State with the Federal Government as its main focus, as well as publications from international organizations, thus prioriziting multi-method analysis, wich includes historical and documents. It is evident that the dissemination of renewable energy as na important tool for guaranteeing energy security in Brazil i salso shaped, according to aspects that consider the opportunity to confront economic and environmental issues, in order to respond to demand inherent to national development and external projection of Brazil as an important “global player” on the international scene, with a focus on energy transition, in a contexto of the rise of international multilateral efforts, especially since the 1990s, to face demands related to climate change. In addition, in terms of results as the domestic level, it is noted that government agenda relating to the sector is quite diverse and that priorities fluctuate considerably over the Years, with periods of adjustments, as well as significant changes depending on each government. It i salso identified that “non-traditional” renewable energies gain prominence in the PT´s governments, while in the Collor, Itamar and Cardoso governments, priorities are focused almost exclusively on water sources. Furthermore, it is argued that between 1990 and 2016 the energy sector had two distinct policy images, one during the Cardoso governments and the others during the PT governments. From this perspective, the set of elements Around two factors, the 2001-2002 energy crisis, and Lula´s election makes the sector´s image change, as well as enabling the processo f diversification of the Brazilian eletrical matriz and the entry of issues relating to renewable energy on the government agenda, both nationally and internationally.
Efeitos do contaminante emergente nonilfenol etoxilado (NPE) em múltiplos biomarcadores em girinos de rã-touro (Aquarana catesbeiana) sob o cenário do aquecimento global
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Gonçalves, Yan Costa
;
Monteiro, Diana Amaral
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-6673
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4296128053314097
The global decline in amphibian populations has been extensively documented and is attributed to a complex interplay of environmental factors. Among these, chemical pollution from emerging contaminants, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), combined with the increase in surface water temperatures due to climate change, stands out. These factors, acting synergistically, may exacerbate the significant decline in amphibian species. NPE, a surfactant widely used in the formulation of sanitary products, has frequently been detected in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems at alarming concentrations, exceeding international regulations. Despite its environmental relevance, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the sublethal effects of NPE on amphibians, particularly under thermal stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the sublethal effects of acute exposure (48 h) to an environmentally relevant concentration of NPE (30 µg L-1) on Aquarana catesbeiana tadpoles at Gosner stage 25, under two distinct thermal conditions (25°C and 30°C), as well as to evaluate the interaction between these factors (NPE × temperature). Multiple biomarkers were analyzed: biometric indices (Fulton’s condition factor [K], hepatosomatic index [HSI], and relative ventricular mass [RVM]), physiological biomarkers (heart rate [fH], ventricular contraction force [Fc], cardiac pumping capacity [CPC], contraction rate [+dF/dt], and relaxation rate [-dF/dt]), biochemical biomarkers (activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]; reduced glutathione content [GSH]; levels of lipid peroxidation [LPO] and protein carbonylation [PC] in hepatic, branchial, and muscular tissues), and neurotoxic biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity in the brain and muscle). Exposure to NPE induced hepatotoxic effects (reduction in HSI and antioxidant defenses), cardiotoxic effects (reductions in RVM, Fc, +dF/dt, and -dF/dt), tachycardia, alterations in the antioxidant defense system, and oxidative stress in the gills and muscle, as well as inhibition of muscular AChE. The increase in temperature intensified the negative inotropic effect, depleted branchial antioxidant defenses, and exacerbated oxidative stress in the liver and muscle, in addition to causing central neurotoxicity. These results indicate that in environments contaminated with NPE, rising temperatures associated with climate change may aggravate the sublethal effects of NPE, even after short-term exposure. The absence of regulations for safe NPE concentrations in Brazilian legislation, coupled with global warming, represents a critical threat to biodiversity, particularly for amphibians, highlighting the urgent need for environmental guidelines and mitigation strategies.
De Comenius a Freire: uma revisão bibliográfica da evolução da didática para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental na BNCC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-18)
Messiano, Paola Aparecida Ferreira
;
Rodrigues, Rafaela Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5137767485570081
;
Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683
This paper revisits classical didactic theories with the aim of understanding their influence on current educational practices, particularly in the context of the Brazilian National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and Primary Education. The research analyzes the contributions of historical educators such as Comenius, Rousseau, Dewey, the new school movement, and Paulo Freire, exploring the applicability of their ideas in the contemporary educational landscape. Although the BNCC primarily focuses on technical and curricular aspects, the study proposes a critical reflection on the integration of classical pedagogical theories within the Brazilian educational system. By emphasizing the importance of grounding pedagogical practices in solid theoretical foundations, the research suggests that the ideas of classical didactics continue to provide relevant theoretical support for promoting a more critical, reflective, and transformative education. Finally, the paper invites education professionals to reconsider their practices, seeking a balance between theoretical traditions and contemporary demands.
Metodologia para o ensino de Filosofia: uma proposta de revista digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-19)
Trevisan, Aline Marla De Moura Piau
;
Maamari, Adriana Mattar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5707827597161294
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3651701719214533
The teaching of Philosophy in high school faces significant challenges, such as the devaluation of the subject and the students' detachment from philosophical practice in everyday life. In this context, this study aimed to demonstrate how the practice of teaching Philosophy can be redefined through active methodologies, using digital tools to promote students' critical thinking and autonomy. To achieve this goal, three specific objectives were established: to rescue, strengthen, and develop students' critical thinking through philosophical debates applied to daily life; to implement active methodologies to engage students in the teaching-learning process; and to use digital tools to foster students' autonomy and active participation. This applied research adopted a case study approach with high school classes from a public state school in the interior of São Paulo. The implemented approach aimed to enable student engagement through flipped classroom strategies, the use of digital devices, and the creation of a digital magazine by the students. Data were collected from teachers and students through interviews. The theoretical framework was based on authors such as Dewey (1959; 1979; 2002), who conceives education as a reflective and emancipatory practice; Deleuze (2009), with the creation of new concepts; Gallo (2009; 2012), who views Philosophy as the creation of concepts based on philosophical problems; Prensky (2008; 2010), who discusses the use of ICTs and digital natives in education; Ausubel, Novak and Hanesian (1983), who proposes the theory of meaningful learning; Bacich and Moran (2018), with the creation of an interactive learning environment; and Foucault (1979; 1999), with his analyses of power and knowledge relations in the educational environment. The results indicate that students demonstrated highly satisfactory engagement, with 98% completing the digital magazine. Furthermore, they took on a leading role by presenting the final project to the school community and reported greater involvement and interest in contemporary philosophical issues. It is concluded that the teaching of Philosophy, mediated by active methodologies and digital tools, facilitates meaningful learning and the development of students' critical thinking.
Filogenia, biogeografia, ecologia e evolução de caracteres dos gêneros Melocactus Link & Otto e Discocactus Pfeiff. (Cactaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-19)
Telhe, Milena Cardoso
;
Moraes, Evandro Marsola de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3100796431732251
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1884762068173775
Despite being well known due to its species richness, a question that has not been deeply discussed is the role of biotic exchanges in maintaining diversity in the Neotropical region. Biota exchange events between distinct habitats have been identified in large numbers in the Neotropical regions, indicating a fundamental role in establishing regional biotas. However, studies involving the role of biotic exchanges on changes in diversification rates are scarce in the Neotropical region, especially between dry and open environments in this region. Although some hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary consequences of the connection between these environments, few studies have been dedicated to testing them. Thus, more studies are needed to better understand the dispersal and connection between the dry and open biomes of the Neotropical region. The present study aims to investigate the systematic and ecological relationships of Melocactus and Discocactus. Additionally, we investigated biogeographic events within the Melocactus and Discocactus genera, contributing to the understanding of how these events drove diversification in the dry and open biomes of the Neotropical region. For this purpose, the Cactaceae591 probe panel was used to obtain numerous orthologous regions using the sequence capture method. These sequences were used to perform phylogenetic inferences of both genera, estimate diversification ages, infer biogeographic events, and infer the reconstruction of ancestral characters and phylogenetic climatic niches. In addition, diversification rates were estimated to investigate their association with biotic and abiotic variables. In summary, the hundreds of regions sequenced using the Cactaceae591 probe set were able to robustly infer the relationships between and within both genera, allowing taxonomic rearrangements, as demonstrated in chapters 1 and 2. The diversification period of both genera coincides with a period of climate change (Quaternary), alternating between periods of greater aridity and more humid periods. As a consequence of climate change, changes in the distribution of environments also occurred during this period, allowing, for example, the expansion of arid environments during favorable climatic periods, and promoting greater soil heterogeneity throughout the distribution of these environments. The ancestral lineage of both genera originated in a biome composed of Seasonally Dry Forests, later experiencing dispersal events to new areas, such as Savannas. No significant changes in diversification rates were observed in either genus. Biome change events and the presence of adaptive traits are not associated with differences in the diversification rates of the lineages, as demonstrated in Chapter 3. The present study suggests that past climate change and ecological characteristics on a finer scale, such as soil heterogeneity, may have played an important role in the Melocactus and Discocactus diversification.
As crianças da República: imagens sobre culturas infantis no centro da cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-19)
Casciano, Bruna Serena
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Moruzzi, Andrea Braga
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5000291497296433
This study aimed to understand how children living in the República neighborhood, in the central area of the city of São Paulo, create and act in their daily lives. Throughout this study, we sought to answer some central questions, together with the children, through an ethnographic procedure, such as: What does this group of children do when and while they walk around the city? Where do they go? With what, with what, how and with whom do they play? How do they relate and interact with the city space? What characterizes the cultures they produce? How do they understand and construct their lived spaces in the city through their daily experiences? The main objective was to understand how children relate to the sociocultural context in which they are inserted, making it possible to identify which children's culture is produced by them and how they appropriate the urban space in which they live. The research is based on the theoretical framework of the sociology of childhood, and the research with children was conducted based on written reports, obtained from their speech, photographs and drawings, also produced by the children. The research carried out with the children in the city center of São Paulo allowed us to observe the urban gaps they found to play and produce their peer culture. The experiences of the children of the Republic, who, accompanied by their caregivers, enjoy a certain autonomy to experiment and play, occur daily in Roosevelt Square, whose adult-centric logic of use is subverted and restructured by them: objects and equipment in the square gain new uses and are requalified. The urban daily life of these children, despite taking the same routes from their homes to school or to the square every day, is never the same; there are always new perceptions that the space, the streets and the sidewalks provide. The space of Praça Roosevelt, a favorite place for children but not so well-liked by nannies, is described by the former as representing affection, belonging and friendship. It was possible to verify that my interlocutors, mostly white and from the urban middle class, share among themselves, in their speeches and games, elements of a broader media culture aimed at children, namely: Pokémon cartoons, Paw Patrol, etc. Despite the fissure that the children of the Republic generate in a space aimed and designed for adult use, Praça Roosevelt is perceived as a relatively homogeneous space, with regard to the presence of children's groups, bringing evidence of a certain racialization of the space.
Atributos das sementes para o sucesso da semeadura direta aplicados à seleção de espécies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-20)
Inocente, Mariane Cristina
;
Santos, Mario Gabriel Santiago dos
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-7113
;
Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
The success of ecological restoration is related to the selection of species and the understanding of functional traits that influence plant development in the early stages. This study discusses the importance of seed selection and morphological characteristics for direct seeding. Through a systematic literature review, the main criteria used in the selection of species for direct seeding in Brazilian biomes were identified. It was found that logistical criteria, such as seed availability (20%) and natural occurrence (19%), are the most applied, while ecological and functional traits were rarely considered The evaluation of the relationship between seed size and the germination and emergence of species from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado revealed that the interaction between seed thickness and shape significantly impacts germination, while an increase in seed length results in greater emergence. A database was developed containing morphological characteristics of size, germination, and fruit type for 131 species, highlighting the main trends observed among them. It is concluded that integrating functional traits in species selection can significantly enhance the success of restoration through direct seeding. Furthermore, intermediate to large-sized seeds, with greater length and moderate thickness, demonstrate the best balance between high germination rates and good emergence.
“Tecnologia como linguagem”: estruturação do pensamento por analogia no campo Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-20)
Ferreira, Wheliton Chiang Shung Moreira
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Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-4946
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0253135572775961
The concept of technology is wide, unstable and a muldisciplinary issue. The literature of Social Sciences demonstrated this relevance, particularly in the field Science, Tecnology and Society - STS, for its conceptual significance in the interpretation of agents, products and processes involved. This perspective brings the implication between the social determination of technology (non neutral comprehension that the human narrative builds the world), against technological determinism (perspective of a society to be configured by the neutrality of techniques). This context is the base of the hipothesis that technology is an expression similar to human language, leading to critical deepening in both universes. The main objective was to structure the scientific debate about technology as language through a construtivist perspective. The specific objectives are to review the literature in social sciences, to define the corresponding analogs, and to apply this mechanism criticarly to relevant studies in the STS field. Methodology was based on the construtivist thinking with a hybrid approach. The analogs built were "identification", the possibility of "deductive interpretation", and the trends to "representation" in CTS. These analogs were converted into text filters for a research at Portal de Periódicos da CAPES through data mining, using the software Iramuteq. As a result, it is brought that discussions about technology is an oportunity for significant critics, when discussed as expressivity, similar to human language. The aproximation to these two universes of meaning had the contribution and tradition of STS. It is infered that this discussion can motivate future works on the research for other possibilities of structuration.
Solubilidade da arginina, do glutamato de sódio e do ibuprofeno em soluções organo-aquosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-21)
Silva, Taciana Barros e
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Bernardo, André
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3454039617725028
The study of solubility is extremely relevant for drug production and absorption, as well as for the purification of products through crystallization, and for understanding solid-liquid equilibrium. In this work, the solubility of arginine, monosodium glutamate, and ibuprofen in the water-ethanol and water-propylene glycol solvent systems was experimentally determined through the isothermal method and analyzed at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50°C. The solids in equilibrium were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM). The solubility results obtained were used to fit thermodynamic models: for arginine and monosodium glutamate, only Apelblat and λh models were used, while for ibuprofen, the Apelblat, λh and Wilson models were applied. For all compounds and solvent systems, solubility increased with temperature. The experimental solubility data for arginine and ibuprofen showed behavior similar to that reported in the literature. For sodium glutamate, no previous studies on its solubility were found, to the best of our knowledge. Among all the studied conditions and within the analyzed temperature range, the Apelblat model provided the best fits. According to the Wilson model, at certain temperatures, all components in the system influence molecular interactions, and as the temperature rises above 35 °C, the model becomes less accurate in representing the solubility of ibuprofen. For all three compounds, the solubilization process is endothermic, favored by entropy, although limited by endothermicity, non-spontaneous, as the values of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were positive, except for sodium glutamate in pure water, where ΔS was negative, and driven by enthalpy. X-ray diffraction showed that, for both arginine and glutamate, there are two possible different forms in equilibrium in the systems. For arginine, optical microscopy indicated similar crystal habits between the water-ethanol 15%, water-ethanol 30%, and water-propylene glycol 15% systems, and a similarity between the water-propylene glycol 30% system and pure water. This differs from the XRD results and may be explained by a possible recrystallization. For monosodium glutamate, the crystals in all systems showed similar crystal habits. For ibuprofen, the XRD revealed that none of the studied systems closely resembled the enantiomer (S)-ibuprofen or (R)-ibuprofen, nor the (R,S)-ibuprofen, suggesting the possible presence of mixtures with varying proportions of (S)- and (R,S)-ibuprofen. However, optical microscopy indicated similar crystal habits between the crystals of the water-ethanol system for all compositions and pure propylene glycol.
Um estudo sobre o materialismo organicista de Diderot
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-21)
Alves Junior, José Carlos
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Cruz, Fernão de Oliveira Salles dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9496354571712524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2596821689900698
La présente thèse se propose d’examiner les articulations entre raison et sensibilité dans l’œuvre de Denis Diderot (1713–1784), en particulier dans les écrits où s’élabore un matérialisme de type organiciste, tels que Pensées sur l’interprétation de la nature (1754), Principes philosophiques de la matière et du mouvement (1770), Suite de l’entretien entre M. d’Alembert et M. Diderot (1769), Le Rêve de d’Alembert (1769) et Éléments de physiologie (1774). Il s’agit de saisir comment le philosophe articule ces deux registres – rationnel et sensible – tout en prenant part aux débats majeurs de l’Histoire Naturelle au XVIIIe siècle, notamment autour des modèles explicatifs du corps vivant, lesquels mobilisent les concepts de matière, de mouvement et de vie dans une perspective à la fois spéculative et expérimentale.
Perspectivas e desafios na formação de pedagogos bilíngues: um olhar crítico sobre a proposta e as ações.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-21)
Dias, Débora Gonçalves Ribeiro
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Santos, Lara Ferreira dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312070448044165
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-9346
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4076814721074148
Teacher training for working with deaf students is a central issue in discussions about bilingual education and linguistic accessibility, particularly in the context of a Bilingual Pedagogy undergraduate program. The objective of this thesis is to critically analyze the structure and functioning of the Bilingual Pedagogy program at the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Santa Catarina (IFSC), based on the program’s Pedagogical Project and the perceptions of administrators, professors, and students.The research adopts a qualitative approach, which included document analysis of the Pedagogical Project of the Course (PPC) and interviews with administrators, teachers, and students, aiming to understand their perspectives on the offered training, the challenges faced, and the pedagogical methodologies adopted. The results indicate that, although the course represents a significant advance in teacher training for bilingual education, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. The need for a better balance between theory and pedagogical practice, the provision of accessible materials in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), and the expansion of the number of bilingual teachers fluent in Libras are highlighted. Another important issue discussed in the thesis is the need to strengthen the relationships between IFSC, municipalities, and the state. Despite the quality of the training offered by the institute, regional public and educational policies do not adequately recognize the role of the bilingual pedagogue or bilingual education for the deaf. Finally, while the course proposal is largely appropriate, some actions need to be implemented to improve the training of future teachers, particularly to meet the needs of deaf students. To this end, it is crucial that there is mobilization and advocacy from both the academic community and the deaf community, with the goal of ensuring bilingual education for the deaf as a formal mode of education, as established by current legislation.
Ontologia e currículo: uma análise do currículo do Estado de São Paulo à luz da pedagogia freireana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-21)
Ferreira, Fernando Henrique
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-9952
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8943532248930075
This study investigated the ontological conceptions present in the São Paulo curriculum, analyzing their implications in light of Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy. The research was grounded in the philosophical method of dialectical historical materialism to examine ontological formation in curriculum design, seeking to unveil the political and ideological interests used as instruments of domination. The study is structured into six chapters. The first introduces the topic, emphasizing education as a battleground between hegemonic and emancipatory projects. The second explores the polysemy of the concept of ontology in the history of philosophy, from the Greeks to the historical materialism of Marx and Lukács. The third chapter analyzes the relationship between neoliberalism and curriculum, exposing the subordination of education to capitalist interests. The fourth presents Freirean pedagogy as a critical alternative, emphasizing dialogue, political consciousness, and transformative praxis. The fifth describes the methodology, based on document analysis and dialectical historical materialism. Finally, the sixth chapter examines the São Paulo curriculum, identifying the formation of the "self-entrepreneur" as a neoliberal ontological project. The study concludes that the São Paulo State curriculum aligns with a neoliberal ontology, reducing education to market logic. In contrast, Freirean pedagogy offers a path toward a critical ontology centered on human emancipation and overcoming inequalities. This work contributes to the debate on curriculum and human formation, highlighting the need for educational practices committed to social transformation.