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Influência do cerebelo no processamento de funções não-motoras - revisão da literatura e estudo experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-16) Prati, José Mário; Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690; Russo, Thiago Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3837528410213126; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-0161
The cerebellum is a structure widely recognized for its role in motor functions, such as movement control, motor learning, and balance. However, its participation in non-motor processes, such as emotions and cognitive functions, has been increasingly attracting interest. The functional network and connectivity of the cerebellum remain open areas of study, and both clinical and preclinical research have been dedicated to identifying these connections to gain a better understanding of cerebellar neurophysiology and its influence on other brain regions in various functions. STUDY 1 - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify and synthesize the evidence in the literature regarding the activation and connectivity of the cerebellum with other brain structures involved in processing various functions. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using different search terms to identify clinical and preclinical studies related to cerebellar involvement in different functions, including sensory, motor, autonomic, cognitive, and emotional functions. The retrieved studies were summarized and presented in topics corresponding to the respective functions. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that regions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum are more involved in motor control, proprioceptive and graviceptive signal integration, and reward anticipation. On the other hand, regions of the posterior lobe, including the cerebellar hemispheres, are more involved in processing eye movements, cognition, emotions, and auditory functions. It was also observed that similar cerebellar regions are activated in different functions, leading to the understanding that the same cerebellar region may simultaneously contribute to processing multiple functions. We hypothesize that microzones specialized in different functions may co-activate to support multimodal behaviors. CONCLUSION: The anterior cerebellar lobe plays a greater role in sensory-motor processing, whereas the posterior lobe is more involved in cognitive and emotional functions. Additionally, some cerebellar regions, such as lobules VI and VII, seem to act as integrative areas, as they are frequently described as participating in most of the investigated functions. STUDY 2 - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify in the literature the main cerebellar activation regions in nociception and pain processing, as well as their connections with other nervous system regions involved in this process. METHODS: Searches were conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using specific search terms related to the study’s theme to obtain a comprehensive overview of factors associated with pain processing. Clinical and preclinical studies addressing the topic were selected. Cerebellar activation in response to nociceptive stimuli, the location of cerebellar activation, and its connections with other brain regions involved in nociception and pain processing were analyzed. RESULTS: The primary cerebellar regions involved in nociception and pain processing are lobules IV, V, VI, VII, Crus I, and Crus II. The cerebellum can communicate with brain structures involved in processing different dimensions of pain, as well as in pain modulation; however, studies investigating this hypothesis are still lacking. Research shows that cerebellar modulation reduces pain intensity by increasing the pain threshold and enhancing endogenous pain inhibition processes. CONCLUSION: The cerebellum may be involved in the multidimensional processing of pain and exert influence on pain modulation through its extensive connections with brain structures engaged in these processes. STUDY 3 - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze neuronal activation in the cerebellum in different spatiotemporal contexts involved in emotion and emotional memory processing, as well as its connections with other brain structures in animals. METHODS: A total of 43 naïve Swiss Albino mice were used. The animals were divided into four groups: Inhibitory Avoidance, Shock, No Shock, and Control Group. For behavioral assessment, the animals were exposed to the Inhibitory Avoidance apparatus, inferring emotion and emotional memory, for 1, 4, and 8 days in different exposure contexts. After the final exposure of each group to the assessment apparatus, euthanasia was performed, followed by transcardiac perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde and brain extraction. The brains were sectioned at 40 μm for c-Fos immunofluorescence analysis in predefined structures. Microscopic images of brain structures were captured for the analysis of immunofluorescent cells. One-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to the immunofluorescence analysis data, followed by the appropriate post-hoc test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the coefficients of brain structures. RESULTS: There was an increase in c-Fos expression in cerebellar lobules IV-V (p = 0.01). Dunn’s multiple comparisons test showed a significant difference in c-Fos expression between the Inhibitory Avoidance-4 days group and the Control Group (p = 0.01). An increase in c-Fos expression was also observed in cerebellar lobule VI (p = 0.01). Dunn’s multiple comparisons test indicated a significant difference in c-Fos expression between the Inhibitory Avoidance-4 days and Shock-4 days groups (p = 0.01). No significant difference was found in c-Fos expression in other regions of interest. Spearman’s correlation coefficient test did not show correlations between the coefficients of the regions of interest in the Inhibitory Avoidance-4 days Group. CONCLUSION: Lobules IV-V and VI were the cerebellar regions with the highest activity in animals that performed the Inhibitory Avoidance task for four days, suggesting involvement in emotion and emotional memory. GENERAL CONCLUSION: The cerebellum is involved in the processing of various functions performed by the nervous system. Once its anatomical and functional interaction with other brain structures also involved in this processing is clarified, the cerebellum could become a therapeutic target for the treatment of painful and psychiatric conditions.
Uma Torre e um Farol nas terras do Horror: "Silvestre" (2019), de Wagner Willian, como centro autoral e a editora Darkside® Books como horizonte de produção literária especializada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-16) Messias, José Victor; Salgado, Luciana Salazar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0627593955136715
What a book can tell about its publishing house? “Silvestre” (2019), from Wagner Willian, is presented in the Darkside® Books’ publisher site after a brief explanation about “Walden ou A vida nos Bosques” (1894), from Henry David Thoreau. In what kind of data it can transforms to? In this research, the winner comics of Prêmio Jabutis’ in it’s 2020 edition is taken as a medium (Debray 2002), a discursive device that shows itself as the means of contact between a conceptual dimension and the possibilities of its material incarnation. This research, made from Grupo de Pesquisa Comunica – Inscrições Linguísticas na Comunicação (UFSCar/CEFET-MG, CNPq) deploypments is part of a trajectory dedicated to study discursively the incarnations of social anxyeties in technical objects (Simondon, 2018), through the aproach of the discursive-mediology, based in the literary discurse (Mainguenau, 2018). Futhermore, this trajectory is also embased on J. Halberstam’s deployments in “Skin shows: gothic horror and the technology of monsters” (1995), and follows an advance in the author’s theory by proposing that, from a visual materialization, in addition to its constitution through words, the monster is also, in itself, an editorial object (Salgado, 2020), therefore its technology as a narrative synthesis can be a way of accessing the discourses mobilized by the work and it’s literary value, also through the materiality that conveys it – the monster is the work and vice versa (Messias, 2023). Through the discursive-mediological methodology, the diachronic and synchronic dimensions will be analyzed as carriers of ideas in the materialities of the Wagner Willian’s (2019) comic and how it connects itself to the work of Henry David Thoureau (1854), and how it represents the Darkside® Books universe. Therefore, develops in this research an analysis about “Silvestre” (2019) to lecture about its status as a Darkside® Books’ medium and how it constitutes its literary value trhough a valuation system based on literary pratices.
Efeitos das condições iniciais do solo na estrutura da floresta e no estoque de carbono numa área em restauração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-04-16) Silva, Camila Morais Ramos; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5832518174901727
Deforestation in tropical regions leads to substantial changes in soil organic matter content, affecting the soil microbial community, nutrient cycling, and the degradation of soil structure. Certain human activities, such as dairy cattle milking facilities, can cause an excessive input of organic matter into the soil, which may increase soil nutrient availability through waste runoff. However, there is a lack of information regarding the effect of organic matter input on the structure of a restored forest, particularly after a decade following the implementation of restoration actions. In a deforested riparian forest area in the southeastern region of the São Paulo state, a forest restoration project was initiated in 2013. Part of this area received waste runoff from a nearby milking facility. The organic matter input into the soil, combined with the positioning of the milking facility at one end of the restoration site, resulted in forming a soil fertility gradient across the restored area. This study assessed whether the initial soil conditions observed during restoration implementation influenced forest structure approximately 11 years after restoration. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of initial soil conditions on total tree basal area, tree density, the number of regenerating individuals, stratification and litterfall accumulation, and the carbon stock stored in the aboveground biomass of the restored forest. At the beginning of the restoration process, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–20 cm from 10 plots distributed across the entire area. Approximately 11 years after seedling planting, we measured the height and diameter of all trees within these plots, which were used to estimate forest structure parameters. Additionally, we collected accumulated litterfall from five subsamples within each plot. Forest structure exhibited spatial variation within the restored area as a function of initial soil conditions. Areas closer to the milking facility developed denser forests with more regenerating individuals, higher basal area and stratification, and greater litterfall accumulation. Conversely, locations farther from the milking facility displayed lower tree density and fewer regenerating individuals, resulting in a less stratified forest with lower litterfall accumulation. Initial soil conditions positively influenced the carbon stock in the aboveground biomass of trees in the restored forest. Our results demonstrate that the amount of organic matter present during initial seedling planting positively influenced the speed of forest structure recovery and carbon sequestration 11 years later. These findings suggest that soil improvement by adding cattle manure in degraded areas with low organic matter content could enhance the efficiency of tropical forest restoration projects.