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Envolvimento da neurotransmissão ocitocinérgica do núcleo paraventricular do hipotálamo na modulação da ansiedade e nocicepção induzidas pelo convívio com o coespecífico com dor crônica em camundongos machos e fêmeas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-20)
Ribeiro, Heloísa Máximo
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-7670
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908893243674542
Pain is considered a “sensory and emotional experience” that may or may not be related to tissue damage. Empathy is defined as “the sharing of emotions between individuals and the adoption of the other individual's point of view”, which is fundamental to their coexistence. Studies show that mice living with a partner in chronic pain exhibit increased anxiety-like behaviors and hypernociception. Oxytocin, a neurohormone agonist of oxytocinergic receptors, produced and released by the hypothalamus-neurohypophysis system, is involved in affective processes, stress, cognition and social behavior, and its reduction is related to psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is one of the sites of oxytocin production. Considering that nociceptive processes promote an increase in oxytocin synthesis in the PVN, and that living with a partner with chronic pain promotes an increase in FosB in the same region, this study aimed to evaluate the involvement of oxytocinergic neurotransmission in the PVN in the modulation of anxiety and nociception induced by living with a partner with chronic pain in male and female mice. To this end, male and female Swiss-Albino mice were housed in quartets after weaning. In each quartet, one animal underwent sciatic nerve constriction surgery, becoming a pain demonstrator, or similar surgery, becoming a Sham control, after 14 days of cohabitation. The observer animals (Ob-Sham and Ob-CNC) had a cannula implanted in the skull, directed to the PVN, and on the 28th day of the experiment received intra-PVN injections of saline 0.9%, oxytocin (1.0 µg/0.1µL) and/ or atosiban (0.4 µg/0.1µL, oxytocin receptor biased antagonist). Subsequently, they were evaluated in the EPM and by the writhing test for anxiety-like behaviors and nociception, respectively. As a result, living with a conspecific with pain promoted hypernociception in males and females, and increased anxiety-like behaviors in males. In addition, intra-PVN injections of oxytocin were able to reverse hypernociception in both sexes. Regarding anxiety-like behaviors, oxytocin failed to reduce them in males but did reduce them in Ob-CNC females compared to the Ob-CNC saline control. Atosiban reduced hypernociception in males and changed some behaviors assessed in the EPM of males and females. Combined injections of atosiban and oxytocin in males tended to increase anxiety-like behaviors in Ob-Sham and reduce it in Ob-CNC, with no effect on nociception. Therefore, the present study found evidence of the participation of the PVN oxytocinergic system in the control of hypernociception and anxiety-like behaviors in male and female mice that lived with a conspecific in chronic pain.
Propagação de rumores em redes com triângulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-21)
Silva, Larissa Oliveira Moutinho da
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Peron, Thomas Kauê Dal'Maso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1087642697727776
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2117105891402308
This study investigates the influence of the clustering coefficient on the dynamics of rumor propagation in complex networks, comparing it with the classical configurational model. We use the Maki-Thompson model as a basis for simulating rumor dissemination and analyze the limitations of the configurational model in reproducing the structural properties of real networks. To control the clustering coefficient without altering other structural metrics, we adopt the approach independently proposed by Newman and Miller. Through simulations, we evaluate how local clustering affects information dissemination, highlighting its impact on rumor propagation. Our results indicate that networks with a high clustering coefficient tend to restrict propagation to local communities, while networks with low clustering allow faster and more global dissemination. However, we observe that the influence of clustering on network dynamics only becomes significant when degree-degree correlations can no longer be neglected, as both properties are intrinsically related. Furthermore, we show that as the average degree increases, the influence of clustering becomes negligible, as global connectivity starts to dominate the process. By analyzing metrics such as propagator density and susceptibility, we find that clustering significantly affects the system’s response to small fluctuations, especially in networks with a low average degree. We conclude that network structure can be manipulated to either optimize or contain the spread and suggest future research to explore models that more realistically incorporate the influence of local substructures on network dynamics.
Análise da segurança hídrica pela abordagem Nexus água, energia e alimento com uso de tecnologias sociais. Estudo de caso: município de Paragominas, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-21)
Bueno, Lívia Vitória França
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Ventura, Katia Sakihama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-668X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9681746577695417
Water security has become one of the main challenges for sustainable development, especially in territories that face deficiencies in basic infrastructure, such as sanitation, regular access to drinking water and energy, in addition to the low presence of effective public policies, a common reality in many rural communities in the eastern Amazon. This study aimed to analyze water security in Paragominas (PA) through the Water, Energy and Food Nexus approach, evaluating the applicability of social technologies as sustainable solutions, based on technical and socio-environmental criteria obtained from the literature, classifying them according to their suitability for rural, urban or mixed contexts. The methodology adopted consisted of a bibliographic review of technical studies, manuals and scientific articles, with the organization of information in analytical tables, application of Nexus criteria for sectoral evaluation and preparation of a final summary table. Ten social technologies were analyzed, including dry toilets, solar water pumping, biodigester septic tanks and mini-cisterns. It is concluded that the integration between social technologies and the Nexus AEA approach contributes significantly to local water security, offering viable solutions for promoting sustainability, social inclusion and community autonomy in regions with greater lack of infrastructure.
Mapas Conceituais Colaborativos: uma proposta de ensino para desenvolvimento dos Eixos Estruturantes da Alfabetização Científica em uma turma de Ensino Fundamental 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-21)
Leme, Idelzuite Azevedo Alcântara
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Santos Junior, João Batista dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-2242
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6375788560224601
In a context of falling vaccination coverage rates and distrust regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccines, this study proposes the development and application of a Potentially Significant Teaching Unit (LUPU) that addresses: how vaccines work; their role in maintaining individual and collective health; and the process of vaccine production and approval. Using the Theory of Meaningful Learning (TAS) as a theoretical framework and the Conceptual Map (CM) as a teaching tool, this research project aimed to investigate the potential of using collaborative CM as a subsidy for the implementation of Scientific Literacy (SC) in a seventh-grade class of a municipal school in Sorocaba. The research, classified as exploratory qualitative, used as data collection instruments the CMs produced by the students, the teacher's Logbook notes, and the audio transcripts of the CM presentations and three interviews conducted after the application of the UEPS. As an indication of the development of SC, the occurrence of the three Structuring Axes of Scientific Literacy (EEAC) proposed by Sasseron (2008) was considered: the first axis is the understanding of fundamental scientific terms and concepts; the second axis is the understanding of the nature of science and the ethical and political factors related to its practice; and the third axis is the understanding of the relationships between science, technology, society, and the environment. For the analysis of the MC, the four reference parameters of a good conceptual map described by Aguiar; Correia (2013) were observed. In the interactions between the students, we sought to observe the occurrence of the four stages of the collaborative knowledge construction process: externalization; elicitation; consensus oriented towards integration or conflict; and integration process. We also point out that the first three processes were described by Fischer et al (2002) and the last by Aguiar; Ballego; Correia (2022). As a result, it is worth highlighting that it was possible to observe the presence of the first and third EEAC; regarding the second axis, our hypothesis is that it would be necessary to have a greater number of classes to carry out discussions and reflections that the axis demands. The analysis of the MCs prepared by the groups throughout the UEPS indicated advances in their structure with network-type MC and the presence of cross-links in two groups, and only in one of the groups did the data indicate that new training was necessary tbetter master the mapping technique. Regarding the interaction between group members, the data indicated the occurrence of four stages of the collaborative knowledge construction process.
A influência dos processos hidrológicos e propriedades físico-hídricas dos solos em microbacias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-21)
Oliveira, Alessandra da Silva
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-6006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0226150753526947
Vegetation cover has a close relationship with the hydrological cycle, influencing the movement of water in different compartments of the system. Forest remnants provide benefits such as erosion control, water quality assurance, flow regulation, groundwater recharge, and nutrient cycling. In view of the significant modification of land use and cover caused by anthropogenic intervention on a global scale, conservation has increasingly focused on the restoration of degraded ecosystems. Understanding how different covers affect the soil’s physic-hydric dynamics is essential on multiple fronts, from sustainable management of water resources and ecosystem conservation to the safe design of hydraulic works and structures. In this context, this thesis aimed to characterize and assess the dynamics of hydrological and soil indicators in areas under forest restoration (RES), Eucalyptus sp. (EUC) and forest remnant (REM), with the goal of understanding the relationships among soil, water and vegetation at distinct stages of forest cover. The research was carried out in two micro-basins (A and B) within the Itupeva River sub-basin, between the municipalities of Aguaí and Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP). 6 × 8 m plots were established in each cover type and monitored monthly over one year to obtain data on hydrological indicators and soil physical and chemical properties necessary to understand hydric dynamics and identify variations among covers and micro-basins with respect to the investigated aspects. The results indicated that, although micro-basin A is more elongated than B, both exhibit low drainage density, gentle slopes and low relief amplitude, conditions that favor infiltration. Internal precipitation (Pi) accounted for 88 % to 97 % of open-area precipitation (Pa), and surface runoff (ES) remained low under all covers, with no significant differences despite slightly higher volumes in EUC. The difference observed in EUC plots suggests that runoff tends to decrease as the eucalyptus develops. Regarding soil physic-hydric attributes, REM cover exhibited higher moisture and total porosity and lower density, whereas soil under EUC was more compact, with lower moisture and porosity. Seasonality is significantly influenced by soil physical parameters. Infiltration parameters (VIB and K) were directly affected by cover type and seasonality, with higher infiltration rates in REM and RES. Soil water repellency was, for the most part, slight but intensified during the dry season. Mechanical resistance to penetration was lower in the surface layer, regardless of cover. A trend of increasing ES with Pi was also observed, as well as a positive correlation between Pi and soil moisture and a negative correlation between moisture and penetration resistance. In summary, this research underscores how cover type modulates hydrological behavior and soil physico-hydric attributes, highlighting the importance of conservation for the maintenance of ecosystem services.
Caracterização de rizobactérias no porta-enxerto citrumelo ‘swingle’ sob sistemas de cultivos orgânico e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-22)
Mancine, Nathália
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Lima, Helena Santiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8307191971212434
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Coletta-Filho, Helvécio Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8783964270386788
Understanding the impact of the plant microbiome has driven new strategies to enhance agricultural production, especially in the face of climate change, increased prevalence of pathogens, and adverse growing conditions. Studying soil microorganisms is essential for transforming the rhizosphere to benefit plants, but there is still a knowledge gap regarding the prospecting of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in citrus, particularly when comparing different cultivation systems. This project investigated citrus rhizobacteria under organic and conventional cultivation systems, aiming to identify microorganisms with potential for the formulation of synthetic communities (SynComs) and their application as bioinputs. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected for total soil DNA sequencing to perform metataxonomic analyses, and root samples were collected to isolate bacterial populations from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane using four culture media to maximize bacterial diversity. After morphological selection, the isolates were cryopreserved and taxonomically characterized by sequencing the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina platform (250x250bp paired-end), allowing identification at the genus level. Through in silico analyses, a core community of approximately 76% was observed across both cultivation systems, along with higher alpha diversity and a greater number of biomarkers in organic cultivation. Beta diversity indicated that the cultivation type explained 25% of the variation in microbial community composition. In vitro assays were conducted to functionally characterize the isolates, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, and nitrogen fixation tests. In vivo assays were also carried out, including seed germination tests and seed inoculation in seedling trays under greenhouse conditions to assess the potential of the bacteria as PGPB. A total of 61 isolates were tested in vitro, with up to 70% of isolates from organically grown plants exhibiting phosphate solubilization ability and approximately 80% demonstrating siderophore production potential. In contrast, isolates from conventional cultivation stood out for their biological nitrogen fixation capacity, with 55% showing this trait. In the seed germination tests, isolates from the organic system significantly accelerated germination speed and vigor, while the SynCom formed from conventionally derived bacteria—selected based on their growth-promotion abilities—showed a significant positive effect (p<0.05) on root mass (g). In the in vivo assays, 16 isolates significantly increased (p<0.05) root volume in plants. The results of this study reinforce the potential of the isolated bacteria, particularly from organic cultivation, in promoting plant growth and developing sustainable strategies for citrus farming. Furthermore, the formation of SynComs represents an innovative approach for the formulation of bioinputs, contributing to plant resilience under different cultivation conditions.
Avaliação do efeito combinado de tratamento superficial à laser e passivação no limite de fadiga em flexão da liga comercial Ti-6Al-4V ELI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-22)
Silva Wolf, Eduardo Henrique
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Camilo Magalhães, Danielle Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-4902
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
Laser irradiation is a widely used technology for the surface modification of titanium alloy implants, enabling their identification and traceability. This process locally heats the alloy surface, generating a dark oxide layer. Subsequent passivation with nitric acid is commonly applied to reduce reactivity and enhance corrosion resistance. However, the combination of these treatments represents a significant challenge in the industry due to the variety of parameters affecting surface topography and microstructure. In this context, the objective of this project was to evaluate the combined effect of a surface treatment using Nd:YAG laser irradiation and nitric acid passivation on the fatigue limit of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy. The four-point bending fatigue tests was employed, applying the fatigue limit value at 1 million cycles defined according to ASTM F382:17 standard. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the irradiated and fractured surfaces to establish a correlation between surface modification and fatigue limit. The results showed that the fatigue limit of 615 MPa for the polished and passivated condition was maintained compared to the polished condition. After irradiation, a 58,5% reduction in the fatigue limit was observed, reaching 255 MPa. Finally, passivation after irradiation resulted in a 47,1% increase compared to the irradiated condition, reaching 375 MPa. The increase in fatigue limit from 255 to 375 MPa after passivation can be attributed to the reduction in surface roughness (Ra and Rz), reducing stress concentration and delaying crack propagation. The significance of these results lies in the optimization of surface treatments for titanium implants, aiming to improve their durability and performance in biomedical applications.
Análise exploratória de proteômica em tecido ruminal de bovinos Nelore (Bos indicus): impacto da alimentação e relação com a emissão de metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-23)
Santos, Mykaelli Andrade
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-2956
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0491485411953509
Through proteomic approaches, this thesis explores the molecular adaptive mechanisms of the ruminal tissue in Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) in response to different nutritional interventions and variations in residual methane emissions. In the first chapter, the proteomic profiles of steers fed a conventional diet rich in corn grain were compared to those of steers receiving a diet formulated with agro-industrial by-products. The results demonstrated that the protein composition of the rumen is significantly modulated by the diet, reflecting specific cellular adaptations. The findings identified seven differentially abundant proteins related to structure, extracellular matrix remodeling, cytoskeletal organization, cellular regulation, and iron homeostasis. Notably, the reduced expression of FTH1 in the by-product diet suggests lower oxidative stress and inflammation. At the same time, the upregulation of six proteins indicates structural and metabolic adaptations within the ruminal tissue. In the second chapter, the thesis investigates the molecular mechanisms regulating methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, through a comparative analysis of the ruminal proteomic profile in cattle with differing residual methane emissions (RME) levels. Utilizing a shotgun proteomics approach, 37 differentially abundant proteins were identified between the high and low-emission groups. The data revealed that, in the low-emission group, proteins associated with protein degradation and energy metabolism were more abundant, suggesting more efficient fermentation and consequently reduced methane production. Conversely, the high-emission group exhibited upregulation of proteins involved in protein synthesis, lipid biosynthesis, and immune responses, which may indicate lower metabolic efficiency. Overall, the findings of this thesis provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing both the adaptive responses of ruminal tissue to varying nutritional profiles and methane production. These results may contribute to developing nutritional strategies to enhance feed efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in beef cattle production.
Pelas f(r)estas da cidade: práticas espaciais urbanas no contexto da Atenção Psicossocial de Fortaleza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-23)
Dantas, João Gabriel Trajano
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Ferigato, Sabrina Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-7225
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Branco
The consolidation of Psychosocial Care in Brazil highlights the relationship with territory and community as a guiding principle for the operation of services and the production of mental health care for the population. This aspect encourages the development of practices that transcend institutional walls, gaining color, rhythm, meaning, and dialogue within various urban spaces. It is within this context that the central question of this thesis emerges: how can practices mediated by artistic and cultural experiences, carried out in urban public spaces, contribute to the production of cracks (f(r)estas) that celebrate the principles of citizenship, inclusion, sociocultural participation, belonging, diversity, and mental health care? To engage with this question, we adopted a qualitative and exploratory research-intervention methodology, grounded in a cartographic perspective. The objective is to analyze the production of mental health and the occupation of urban public spaces through the cartography of experiences lived in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The investigation was conducted mainly from the perspective of professionals and service users regarding the daily work within Psychosocial Care, as well as through the procedural follow-up of two experiences: the traditional carnival group ‘Doido é Tu’ (BDT) and the II Mad Pride Parade, an event related to the Anti-Asylum Campaing Day. The results are presented through three pathways: the historical-political dimension; the molecular or everyday dimension of work in Psychosocial Care; and the sociocultural dimension of urban practices and their interface with care. The investigative journey contributes to the field by proposing the notion of f(r)estas, through an articulation between mental health, art, and culture in the city. It concludes that urban spatial practices can function both as analyzers of management and care models in mental health and as conditions and effects of clinical practices committed to social emancipation. The production of f(r)estas arises from the collective construction of spaces of joy, celebration, and festivity, reclaiming urban daily life for the diversity of ways of living, citizenship, cultural practices, and belonging, as well as for the exercise and defense of the right to care in freedom.
Análise das condições de salubridade ambiental e da sustentabilidade dos municípios da UGRHI 06 – Alto Tietê-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Franzotti, João Pedro
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Ventura, Katia Sakihama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-668X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5492580713313724
Population growth and industrial expansion pose increasingly complex challenges to urban planning, especially with regard to the provision of adequate basic sanitation infrastructure, directly impacting the environmental health and sustainability of municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of municipalities belonging to the Alto Tietê River Basin-SP in relation to sustainability and environmental health. The methodology adopted consisted of analyzing health using the Environmental Health Index, together with a comparative analysis of this with the Sustainable Development Index of Cities. The association between the two indicators was also carried out, the identification of the main challenges faced by municipalities and the application of the 5W2H tool to propose actions aimed at overcoming these challenges. An average of 57.26 (scale from 0 to 100) was obtained in the arithmetic mean between the ISA and the IDSC for UGRHI 06, indicating that all municipalities in the Alto Tietê Basin were classified as having an average level for health and sustainability. The municipalities presented superior performances for health when compared to sustainability, evidencing the lack of actions to promote advances in this sector. Three central challenges faced by the municipalities were identified: insufficient urban infrastructure, lack of sewage collection and treatment, and high deforestation rates. The 5W2H tool was used to analyze and propose solutions, with the aim of developing specific strategic actions for each of these sectors.
Política pública de formação de educadores do campo: um estudo a partir da experiência-piloto das quatro universidades pioneiras no projeto de licenciatura em educação do campo e a inserção profissional dos egressos no mercado de trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Oliveira, Elane Rodrigues de
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0637114479666075
This thesis presents a study of the policy for training educators in the countryside, which includes the Degree in Education in the Countryside (LEdoC), a study based on the pilot experiences at the federal universities of UFMG, UNB, UFS and UFBA. These courses are structured by area of knowledge and alternation. They aim to train and qualify professionals to work in the final years of primary and secondary education, with a focus on basic education in the countryside. Rural Education emerged from the struggle on/for land within the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) with the support of national and international organizations. We set out to understand whether, as the proposal for Education in the Countryside/LEdoC becomes institutionalized and expands its offer, the graduates have been inserted into the job market. To this end, we undertook an investigation that problematizes the recognition and professional insertion of graduates from the Rural Education Degree course, how these professionals have been inserted into the job market and how the training they have received has contributed to and empowered this working class to confront the capitalist logic. To this end, the study was based on historical and dialectical materialism, which is an indispensable theoretical framework for carrying out work aimed at transforming the relationship between individuals and society. The methodological contribution of the research, of a theoretical nature, is bibliographical and documental. Books, theses, dissertations and articles were consulted, as well as relevant theorists for the discussions. The documentary research was based on materials developed by social movements and the MEC, as well as normative frameworks achieved by the state and other documents. Data was also collected through a questionnaire with graduates and LEdoC coordinators. The results indicate that Degree Courses in Rural Education are a policy for training educators that is in the process of consolidation, materialization and expansion in the different Brazilian regions. It is noteworthy that Alternative Education is a tool that facilitates the study and work process for many working class individuals. As far as graduates are concerned, obtaining recognition and entering the job market represent their biggest challenges. This study has also allowed us to understand that education is influenced by various social, political and economic factors. Furthermore, these issues become more emphatic, especially when dealing with working class people and rural areas. The analyses carried out lead us to recognize and emphasize the LEdoC as an important territory for rural education, which, in turn, presents itself as a territory in constant dispute. This process reveals that, despite the progress made over the years, there are still a series of contradictions, limits and potentialities that permeate the power relations between class fractions in order to make LEdoCs effective and institutionalized in the training of capable subjects with rights.
O ensino de Termodinâmica e seu impacto na formação do profissional de engenharia química na Era da Indústria 4.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Sousa, Luís Henrique de Barros e
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Maia, Gustavo Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804133304643228
The increasing digitalization and automation brought about by Industry 4.0 have profoundly transformed the industrial landscape, demanding a significant update to the professional skills of chemical engineers. In this context, traditional teaching methods for fundamental disciplines, such as thermodynamics, face significant challenges in keeping up with these changes. This paper analyzes ways to adapt the teaching of thermodynamics to meet Industry 4.0 demands, which are characterized by digitalization, automation, and real-time data integration in production processes. Through a literature review and critical synthesis, this paper discusses historical learning challenges, such as mathematical complexity, conceptual abstraction, and theory-practice articulation, and relates them to the technical and behavioral skills required of chemical engineers in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The study emphasizes innovative pedagogical strategies, such as project-based learning, computer simulations, gamification, and interactive visualizations, which foster critical thinking, complex problem solving, and digital tool mastery. The study concludes that integrating digital technologies into the thermodynamics curriculum, combined with active learning methodologies, enhances training for flexible, interdisciplinary professionals prepared for hyper-connected industrial environments.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de plásticos biodegradáveis de amido reforçados com nanoceluloses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Major, Vinicius de Souza
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Marconcini, José Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-9796
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Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira
This dissertation aimed to quantify the environmental impacts of starch packaging reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) and nanocrystals (CNC) using life cycle assessment (LCA). The studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus pulp and cotton as cellulose sources, the NFC and CNC production methods and their contents (2.5% - 10%) on impact indicators of starch/nanocellulose nanocomposites. The LCA was conducted based on ISO 14044, establishing comparisons of nanocomposites with fossil-based and biobased LDPE (Bio-LDPE) using a 20 cm x 30 cm plastic bag as a flexible packaging model. A cradle to grave system boundary was adopted, assuming aerobic composting and landfill for the starch-based and LDPE-based packaging, respectively. The OpenLCA 2.2 software and the Ecoinvent 3.7.1 database were used for life cycle modeling and inventory (LCI) and for calculating impact indicators related to ecosystem vitality, human health and natural resource depletion. Uncertainty calculations were performed by Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. The hypothesis that starch is an eco-friendly material in opposition to LDPE was confirmed. However, the use of nanocelluloses increases all the impact indicators of starch packaging, being such increases more critical with the use of CNC obtained by H2SO4-hydrolysis. Starch/NFC plastic packaging had lower impacts than LDPE packaging in terms of carbon footprint (15-53%), eutrophication (54-74%), freshwater ecotoxicity (23-43%), use of nonrenewable energy (50%) and the opposite effect for human toxicity. There are disadvantages in terms of acidification, aerosol emission, land use and water consumption. Therefore, to compete technically and environmentally with LDPE packaging, the development of starch/nanocellulose nanocomposites must seek the maximum reinforcing effect with the lowest possible nanomaterial content in association with nanocomposite production routes that minimize environmental impacts.
Literatura infantil de prevenção a violência sexual contra crianças de 4 a 6: uma análise crítica sob a perspectiva feminista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Esiquiel, Katiane Correia da Silva Goulart
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Moruzzi, Andrea Braga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6628768124141741
This study emerges from concerns about the high rates of Child Sexual Violence (CSV) and reflections on the role of schools as agents in preventing this form of violence. The research aimed to understand the concept of "self-protective skills" through the systematization and analysis of a selection of children's books intended to serve as pedagogical tools for developing self-protection strategies and confronting CSV among children aged 4 to 6. Employing a qualitative, bibliographic, and documentary approach, the study is grounded in two main theoretical frameworks: the field of research on self-protective skills, and gender and sexuality debates through various feminist perspectives, which critically examine the culture of violence, the vulnerability of children due to their age and gender, and the systems of oppression that sustain such violence. Throughout the study, it became evident that sexuality is one of the fundamental pillars in human development, shaped by historically constructed power relations. Accordingly, the research focuses on the intersections of race, gender, class, and ethnicity; the questioning of taboos, beliefs, and values surrounding childhood sexuality; and the emphasis on children's empowerment and discernment as strategies for preventing and confronting violence-often perpetrated by individuals close to the family environment. The analysis results show that the selected children's books significantly contribute to strengthening children's bodily autonomy and critical thinking, in addition to valuing children's voices by positioning them as narrators and protagonists of the stories. However, an effective intersectional approach is lacking, as all the analyzed works feature predominantly white children from heteronormative nuclear families composed of a mother and a father. Furthermore, the experiences of Black, Indigenous, or disabled children, children from different social classes, or those belonging to LGBTQIAPN+ families are not represented, revealing a limitation in the portrayal of diversity and a significant gap in relation to a plural and inclusive feminist perspective. It is concluded that children's literature, when mediated by a critical approach and guided by a feminist perspective, can serve as a powerful tool in the prevention of sexual violence against children and the promotion of emancipatory education, since this perspective allows for the recognition and engagement with the complexity of the culture of violence-marked by inequalities of gender, race, class, sexuality, and other intersections that affect children's lives.
Controle de Amaranthus spp. utilizando o potencial alelopático de Brassicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Barbosa, Murilo Rafael
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Monquero, Patricia Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3752261793713523
The Amaranthus genus has presented biotypes with resistance to different herbicides, making its management increasingly challenging. Alternatively, species of the Brassica genus stand out for their allelopathic potential, due to the release of chemical substances known as allelochemicals, capable of inhibiting the growth of organic plants. The present study aimed to evaluate different concentrations of dry extracts of the aerial part of canola (Brassica napus), mustard (Brassica juncea) and forage radish (Raphanus sativus) in the suppression of purple pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), creeping pigweed (Amaranthus deflexus) and common pigweed (Amaranthus viridis) and to identify the classes of phytochemical constituents with potential allelopathic activity presented in the aqueous extract of Brassicas. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5x3 factorial arrangement, with five concentrations (100%, 50%, 25% and 12% and 0% as control) of dry extracts of the aerial part of Brassica species in the suppression of Amaranthus species, in four replicates. In the germination bioassay, Amaranthus species were sown in petri dishes soaked with 2 mL of each concentration and kept in BOD at 25°C and a 12-hour photoperiod, evaluating the germination percentage (%G) and the germination speed index (IVG). In the initial development bioassay, 5 ml of each extract was used on pre-germinated seeds in a container containing vermiculite, subjected to evaluation regarding hypocotyl and root length, phytotoxicity and fresh mass. A phytochemical test was performed based on qualitative reactions (color change, precipitate formation and physicochemical properties) in 2 ml samples of the crude extract of each Brassica for reducing sugars, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenes. An inhibitory effect on germination was observed in all concentrations of the extracts used, with greater inhibition at 50% and 100%. However, when the 12% concentration was used, there was a stimulation of the development of the weed species. The species A. deflexus was the most sensitive to the extracts, presenting the highest rate of germination inhibition. As the concentrations of the extracts increased, the IVG of the weed species was negatively affected, with a 100% reduction in the seeds exposed to the highest concentration (100%). There were no statistical differences in relation to the length of the hypocotyl, however, there was a reduction in the development of the root system of the seedlings, leading to poor development of the aerial part. The extracts induced phytotoxicity in the seedlings as the concentrations increased, culminating in necrosis, making it impossible to analyze the fresh mass. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts identified the presence of seven classes of chemical compounds: coumarin, steroid, flavonoid, phenol, glycoside, tannin and terpene. These results suggest that the different extracts used exert an allelopathic function on the germination and development of the weed species.
Improved parallel algorithm for finding minimum cuts in stochastic flow networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Joshan, Mohammad Sadegh
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Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3202
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0277215938197917
The expansion of information in social networks, bioinformatics, and transportation has resulted in the emergence of enormous graphs with millions or even billions of nodes and edges. Examples include communication networks with stochastic bandwidth, traffic systems with probabilistic congestion, and power grids with uncertain load demand. These scenarios pose unique computational challenges due to their probabilistic nature and dynamic structure. Traditional sequential techniques for identifying minimum cuts in graphs are ineffective in this context, as their time complexity becomes excessively high. This thesis addresses the problem by employing parallel techniques to compute minimum cuts more efficiently on large-scale graphs, leveraging modern parallel computing resources without compromising accuracy. The initial investigation explores state-of-the-art algorithms such as Parallel Push-Relabel and Parallel Karger, which depend on specific hardware and software conditions. The results support the design of the Dynamic Parallel Graph Cuts Algorithm (DPGCA), while also identifying limitations such as inefficient memory usage, limited energy scalability, and poor resource distribution in current parallel implementations.
Ensino de ciências e mudanças tecnológicas: do dilema limitante à construção humanizadora no IF Baiano campus Santa Inês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Silva, Cleber de Souza
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3749421379531019
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-3418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6820414738853018
The contradictory role made to technology in modern times, of satisfying human needs while simultaneously being a means of reproducing oppression/exclusion, contrasts with the representation of the neutral and evolutiove application of scientific knowledge still present in Brazilian schooling. By defending the humanizing relationship, we seek to answer the question: what are the relationships between science teaching at IF Baiano, Santa Inês campus, and the technological changes in the living space of this community, established by subjects of scientific and technological education? We highlight the scientificist-technicist dilemma as a discursive practice organizing science teaching at the institution, and we discuss its historical roots. The dialogue between the studies of Dussel (1984), Feenberg (2010), and Santos (2002) included decisive elements in reaffirming the importance of a rupture in the meanings of technology shared by the subjects of education. We designed and carried out an ethical-critical curricular exercise based on the principles and guidelines of Freirean Thematic Investigation, the Curricular Restructuring Movements, and Critical Collaborative Research. In the thematic network produced, we observed the feasibility of the humanizing relationship between science teaching and local/global technological changes. Despite the regionalized limit situations, namely, the naturalization of productivism, clientelism and discrimination, bringing together significant statements that articulate the technological dimension, there was no consensus among educators about the contributions of science teaching. Finally, we highlight changes in ethics admitted by the collaborative research group, from an initial consensus to a conflict of positions about the best curricular orientation for science teaching.
A ontologia indireta de Merleau-Ponty e o vínculo entre arte, ciência e filosofia: Entre van Gogh, Einstein e Heisenberg: a imaginação enquanto capacidade cognitiva e expressiva do real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Tonon, Hugo
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Moutinho, Luiz Damon Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9475267722538751
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2459404101194228
This thesis investigates the complementarity between art, science, and philosophy, based on Merleau-Ponty's indirect ontology and the analysis of scientific concepts and practices. Starting from van Gogh's work and Kolmogorov's idea of turbulence, we argue that imaginative cognition is a means of expressing and perceiving the world's meaning. Analyzing Merleau-Ponty's great rationalism, which integrates different forms of knowledge, and the practices of scientists like Heisenberg and Einstein, who used imagination to revolutionize physics, we conclude that expressive complementarity enriches our understanding of reality, uniting art, science, and philosophy.
Desenvolvimento de estratégias para melhorar a disponibilidade de fósforo em solos através da fermentação em estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Rodrigues, Natalia Alvarez
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-190X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8928436632437953
The growing concern over the environmental impacts of intensive agriculture has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives, such as bioinoculants and biofertilizers. Among these strategies, the use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) is particularly promising, as they can reduce dependence on conventional phosphate fertilizers, whose production is associated with significant environmental damage. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has emerged as a favorable cultivation method in this context, enabling the valorization of agro-industrial residues as fermentation substrates, thereby supporting circular economy principles. Given this scenario, this thesis aimed to investigate biotechnological strategies for producing phosphate biofertilizers via the cultivation of PSMs through SSF. Initially, the study focused on improving the solubilization process of phosphate rocks (PRs) through SSF by optimizing oxalic acid production by the fungus Aspergillus niger. Using sequential experimental designs, several variables were assessed, including substrate composition, sucrose supplementation, and methanol addition. A substrate mixture of sugarcane bagasse and soybean bran (1:1 w w-1) was identified as the most effective for stimulating oxalic acid synthesis. Methanol addition proved to be a key factor in this process, increasing acid excretion threefold. Under optimized conditions - 7% methanol and 5 g of sucrose per kg of dry substrate (d.s.) -, substantial solubilization of Bayóvar, Itafós, and Registro PRs was achieved. Furthermore, the SSF process facilitated the release of organic P from the substrate itself, due to the production of enzymes such as phosphatases and cellulases. For Bayóvar PR, a maximum soluble P release of 12.1 g kg-1 d.s. was observed, corresponding to a solubilization efficiency of 63.8%. Based on these promising results, the process was evaluated in bench scale using a multilayer packed-bed bioreactor (PBB). Although the PBB system showed adequate operational behavior, methanol volatilization likely limited the solubilization efficiency to 24.6%. On the other hand, in situ drying of the fermented solids within the PBB successfully preserved both microbial viability and acid phosphatase activity over a 34-day storage period. Furthermore, greenhouse experiments revealed that substituting 50% of chemical fertilizer with the biofertilizers developed on a lab-scale did not compromise plant performance. Additionally, a different approach using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum was also explored, with a focus on optimize sporulation and enhancing the production of metabolites related to increased P acquisition by plants, such as indole derivatives and flavonoids. Cultivation was performed using beer draff and wheat straw as substrates. After optimization of aeration, proportion of substrates and inoculum size in 0.5 L PBBs, high values were achieved: 1.08 × 10¹⁰ spores g⁻¹ dry matter (DM), 511.3 µg g⁻¹ DM of indole derivatives, and 2.2 mg g⁻¹ DM of total flavonoids. At bench scale (22 L PBB), the system still supported good sporulation (1 × 10⁹ spores g⁻¹ DM) and indole derivative production (688 µg g⁻¹ DM). However, overheating of up to 16.5°C above the optimal temperature (25°C) resulted in significant axial and radial thermal gradients, which notably impaired the production of acid phosphatase and flavonoids. Overall, this work provides significant contributions to the development of phosphate biofertilizers through SSF, identifying both promising strategies and key challenges for future advancement.
Propostas de ensino por investigação sobre quantidade de movimento e corrente elétrica para alunos com TDAH
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Oliveira, Gabriel Rinhel de
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Veraszto, Estéfano Vizconde
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Colato, Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5460973924624757
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-007X
In this work the aim is to discuss Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the teaching of physics and the impact that limited knowledge on the part of teachers can have on the education of students. As well as an introduction to ADHD, the main characteristics of the condition and the impact it can have on students’ development and learning were presented. Strategies developed by various authors as alternatives to traditional teaching were also presented in order to ensure a better education for students. Based on some of the proposals presented, namely Inquiry Teaching, two lesson plans were developed for secondary school students. The aim is to give students an active role in order to encourage the development of their reasoning and critical thinking skills.