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Caracterização de rizobactérias no porta-enxerto citrumelo ‘swingle’ sob sistemas de cultivos orgânico e convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-22)
Mancine, Nathália
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Lima, Helena Santiago
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8307191971212434
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Coletta-Filho, Helvécio Della
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8783964270386788
Understanding the impact of the plant microbiome has driven new strategies to enhance agricultural production, especially in the face of climate change, increased prevalence of pathogens, and adverse growing conditions. Studying soil microorganisms is essential for transforming the rhizosphere to benefit plants, but there is still a knowledge gap regarding the prospecting of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in citrus, particularly when comparing different cultivation systems. This project investigated citrus rhizobacteria under organic and conventional cultivation systems, aiming to identify microorganisms with potential for the formulation of synthetic communities (SynComs) and their application as bioinputs. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected for total soil DNA sequencing to perform metataxonomic analyses, and root samples were collected to isolate bacterial populations from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane using four culture media to maximize bacterial diversity. After morphological selection, the isolates were cryopreserved and taxonomically characterized by sequencing the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina platform (250x250bp paired-end), allowing identification at the genus level. Through in silico analyses, a core community of approximately 76% was observed across both cultivation systems, along with higher alpha diversity and a greater number of biomarkers in organic cultivation. Beta diversity indicated that the cultivation type explained 25% of the variation in microbial community composition. In vitro assays were conducted to functionally characterize the isolates, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, and nitrogen fixation tests. In vivo assays were also carried out, including seed germination tests and seed inoculation in seedling trays under greenhouse conditions to assess the potential of the bacteria as PGPB. A total of 61 isolates were tested in vitro, with up to 70% of isolates from organically grown plants exhibiting phosphate solubilization ability and approximately 80% demonstrating siderophore production potential. In contrast, isolates from conventional cultivation stood out for their biological nitrogen fixation capacity, with 55% showing this trait. In the seed germination tests, isolates from the organic system significantly accelerated germination speed and vigor, while the SynCom formed from conventionally derived bacteria—selected based on their growth-promotion abilities—showed a significant positive effect (p<0.05) on root mass (g). In the in vivo assays, 16 isolates significantly increased (p<0.05) root volume in plants. The results of this study reinforce the potential of the isolated bacteria, particularly from organic cultivation, in promoting plant growth and developing sustainable strategies for citrus farming. Furthermore, the formation of SynComs represents an innovative approach for the formulation of bioinputs, contributing to plant resilience under different cultivation conditions.
Avaliação do efeito combinado de tratamento superficial à laser e passivação no limite de fadiga em flexão da liga comercial Ti-6Al-4V ELI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-22)
Silva Wolf, Eduardo Henrique
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Camilo Magalhães, Danielle Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-4902
;
Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
Laser irradiation is a widely used technology for the surface modification of titanium alloy implants, enabling their identification and traceability. This process locally heats the alloy surface, generating a dark oxide layer. Subsequent passivation with nitric acid is commonly applied to reduce reactivity and enhance corrosion resistance. However, the combination of these treatments represents a significant challenge in the industry due to the variety of parameters affecting surface topography and microstructure. In this context, the objective of this project was to evaluate the combined effect of a surface treatment using Nd:YAG laser irradiation and nitric acid passivation on the fatigue limit of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy. The four-point bending fatigue tests was employed, applying the fatigue limit value at 1 million cycles defined according to ASTM F382:17 standard. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the irradiated and fractured surfaces to establish a correlation between surface modification and fatigue limit. The results showed that the fatigue limit of 615 MPa for the polished and passivated condition was maintained compared to the polished condition. After irradiation, a 58,5% reduction in the fatigue limit was observed, reaching 255 MPa. Finally, passivation after irradiation resulted in a 47,1% increase compared to the irradiated condition, reaching 375 MPa. The increase in fatigue limit from 255 to 375 MPa after passivation can be attributed to the reduction in surface roughness (Ra and Rz), reducing stress concentration and delaying crack propagation. The significance of these results lies in the optimization of surface treatments for titanium implants, aiming to improve their durability and performance in biomedical applications.
Análise exploratória de proteômica em tecido ruminal de bovinos Nelore (Bos indicus): impacto da alimentação e relação com a emissão de metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-23)
Santos, Mykaelli Andrade
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-2956
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0491485411953509
Through proteomic approaches, this thesis explores the molecular adaptive mechanisms of the ruminal tissue in Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) in response to different nutritional interventions and variations in residual methane emissions. In the first chapter, the proteomic profiles of steers fed a conventional diet rich in corn grain were compared to those of steers receiving a diet formulated with agro-industrial by-products. The results demonstrated that the protein composition of the rumen is significantly modulated by the diet, reflecting specific cellular adaptations. The findings identified seven differentially abundant proteins related to structure, extracellular matrix remodeling, cytoskeletal organization, cellular regulation, and iron homeostasis. Notably, the reduced expression of FTH1 in the by-product diet suggests lower oxidative stress and inflammation. At the same time, the upregulation of six proteins indicates structural and metabolic adaptations within the ruminal tissue. In the second chapter, the thesis investigates the molecular mechanisms regulating methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, through a comparative analysis of the ruminal proteomic profile in cattle with differing residual methane emissions (RME) levels. Utilizing a shotgun proteomics approach, 37 differentially abundant proteins were identified between the high and low-emission groups. The data revealed that, in the low-emission group, proteins associated with protein degradation and energy metabolism were more abundant, suggesting more efficient fermentation and consequently reduced methane production. Conversely, the high-emission group exhibited upregulation of proteins involved in protein synthesis, lipid biosynthesis, and immune responses, which may indicate lower metabolic efficiency. Overall, the findings of this thesis provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing both the adaptive responses of ruminal tissue to varying nutritional profiles and methane production. These results may contribute to developing nutritional strategies to enhance feed efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in beef cattle production.
Pelas f(r)estas da cidade: práticas espaciais urbanas no contexto da Atenção Psicossocial de Fortaleza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-23)
Dantas, João Gabriel Trajano
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Ferigato, Sabrina Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-7225
;
Branco
The consolidation of Psychosocial Care in Brazil highlights the relationship with territory and community as a guiding principle for the operation of services and the production of mental health care for the population. This aspect encourages the development of practices that transcend institutional walls, gaining color, rhythm, meaning, and dialogue within various urban spaces. It is within this context that the central question of this thesis emerges: how can practices mediated by artistic and cultural experiences, carried out in urban public spaces, contribute to the production of cracks (f(r)estas) that celebrate the principles of citizenship, inclusion, sociocultural participation, belonging, diversity, and mental health care? To engage with this question, we adopted a qualitative and exploratory research-intervention methodology, grounded in a cartographic perspective. The objective is to analyze the production of mental health and the occupation of urban public spaces through the cartography of experiences lived in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The investigation was conducted mainly from the perspective of professionals and service users regarding the daily work within Psychosocial Care, as well as through the procedural follow-up of two experiences: the traditional carnival group ‘Doido é Tu’ (BDT) and the II Mad Pride Parade, an event related to the Anti-Asylum Campaing Day. The results are presented through three pathways: the historical-political dimension; the molecular or everyday dimension of work in Psychosocial Care; and the sociocultural dimension of urban practices and their interface with care. The investigative journey contributes to the field by proposing the notion of f(r)estas, through an articulation between mental health, art, and culture in the city. It concludes that urban spatial practices can function both as analyzers of management and care models in mental health and as conditions and effects of clinical practices committed to social emancipation. The production of f(r)estas arises from the collective construction of spaces of joy, celebration, and festivity, reclaiming urban daily life for the diversity of ways of living, citizenship, cultural practices, and belonging, as well as for the exercise and defense of the right to care in freedom.
Análise das condições de salubridade ambiental e da sustentabilidade dos municípios da UGRHI 06 – Alto Tietê-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Franzotti, João Pedro
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Ventura, Katia Sakihama
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-668X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5492580713313724
Population growth and industrial expansion pose increasingly complex challenges to urban planning, especially with regard to the provision of adequate basic sanitation infrastructure, directly impacting the environmental health and sustainability of municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of municipalities belonging to the Alto Tietê River Basin-SP in relation to sustainability and environmental health. The methodology adopted consisted of analyzing health using the Environmental Health Index, together with a comparative analysis of this with the Sustainable Development Index of Cities. The association between the two indicators was also carried out, the identification of the main challenges faced by municipalities and the application of the 5W2H tool to propose actions aimed at overcoming these challenges. An average of 57.26 (scale from 0 to 100) was obtained in the arithmetic mean between the ISA and the IDSC for UGRHI 06, indicating that all municipalities in the Alto Tietê Basin were classified as having an average level for health and sustainability. The municipalities presented superior performances for health when compared to sustainability, evidencing the lack of actions to promote advances in this sector. Three central challenges faced by the municipalities were identified: insufficient urban infrastructure, lack of sewage collection and treatment, and high deforestation rates. The 5W2H tool was used to analyze and propose solutions, with the aim of developing specific strategic actions for each of these sectors.
Política pública de formação de educadores do campo: um estudo a partir da experiência-piloto das quatro universidades pioneiras no projeto de licenciatura em educação do campo e a inserção profissional dos egressos no mercado de trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Oliveira, Elane Rodrigues de
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0637114479666075
This thesis presents a study of the policy for training educators in the countryside, which includes the Degree in Education in the Countryside (LEdoC), a study based on the pilot experiences at the federal universities of UFMG, UNB, UFS and UFBA. These courses are structured by area of knowledge and alternation. They aim to train and qualify professionals to work in the final years of primary and secondary education, with a focus on basic education in the countryside. Rural Education emerged from the struggle on/for land within the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) with the support of national and international organizations. We set out to understand whether, as the proposal for Education in the Countryside/LEdoC becomes institutionalized and expands its offer, the graduates have been inserted into the job market. To this end, we undertook an investigation that problematizes the recognition and professional insertion of graduates from the Rural Education Degree course, how these professionals have been inserted into the job market and how the training they have received has contributed to and empowered this working class to confront the capitalist logic. To this end, the study was based on historical and dialectical materialism, which is an indispensable theoretical framework for carrying out work aimed at transforming the relationship between individuals and society. The methodological contribution of the research, of a theoretical nature, is bibliographical and documental. Books, theses, dissertations and articles were consulted, as well as relevant theorists for the discussions. The documentary research was based on materials developed by social movements and the MEC, as well as normative frameworks achieved by the state and other documents. Data was also collected through a questionnaire with graduates and LEdoC coordinators. The results indicate that Degree Courses in Rural Education are a policy for training educators that is in the process of consolidation, materialization and expansion in the different Brazilian regions. It is noteworthy that Alternative Education is a tool that facilitates the study and work process for many working class individuals. As far as graduates are concerned, obtaining recognition and entering the job market represent their biggest challenges. This study has also allowed us to understand that education is influenced by various social, political and economic factors. Furthermore, these issues become more emphatic, especially when dealing with working class people and rural areas. The analyses carried out lead us to recognize and emphasize the LEdoC as an important territory for rural education, which, in turn, presents itself as a territory in constant dispute. This process reveals that, despite the progress made over the years, there are still a series of contradictions, limits and potentialities that permeate the power relations between class fractions in order to make LEdoCs effective and institutionalized in the training of capable subjects with rights.
O ensino de Termodinâmica e seu impacto na formação do profissional de engenharia química na Era da Indústria 4.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Sousa, Luís Henrique de Barros e
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Maia, Gustavo Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804133304643228
The increasing digitalization and automation brought about by Industry 4.0 have profoundly transformed the industrial landscape, demanding a significant update to the professional skills of chemical engineers. In this context, traditional teaching methods for fundamental disciplines, such as thermodynamics, face significant challenges in keeping up with these changes. This paper analyzes ways to adapt the teaching of thermodynamics to meet Industry 4.0 demands, which are characterized by digitalization, automation, and real-time data integration in production processes. Through a literature review and critical synthesis, this paper discusses historical learning challenges, such as mathematical complexity, conceptual abstraction, and theory-practice articulation, and relates them to the technical and behavioral skills required of chemical engineers in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The study emphasizes innovative pedagogical strategies, such as project-based learning, computer simulations, gamification, and interactive visualizations, which foster critical thinking, complex problem solving, and digital tool mastery. The study concludes that integrating digital technologies into the thermodynamics curriculum, combined with active learning methodologies, enhances training for flexible, interdisciplinary professionals prepared for hyper-connected industrial environments.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de plásticos biodegradáveis de amido reforçados com nanoceluloses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Major, Vinicius de Souza
;
Marconcini, José Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-9796
;
Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira
This dissertation aimed to quantify the environmental impacts of starch packaging reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) and nanocrystals (CNC) using life cycle assessment (LCA). The studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus pulp and cotton as cellulose sources, the NFC and CNC production methods and their contents (2.5% - 10%) on impact indicators of starch/nanocellulose nanocomposites. The LCA was conducted based on ISO 14044, establishing comparisons of nanocomposites with fossil-based and biobased LDPE (Bio-LDPE) using a 20 cm x 30 cm plastic bag as a flexible packaging model. A cradle to grave system boundary was adopted, assuming aerobic composting and landfill for the starch-based and LDPE-based packaging, respectively. The OpenLCA 2.2 software and the Ecoinvent 3.7.1 database were used for life cycle modeling and inventory (LCI) and for calculating impact indicators related to ecosystem vitality, human health and natural resource depletion. Uncertainty calculations were performed by Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. The hypothesis that starch is an eco-friendly material in opposition to LDPE was confirmed. However, the use of nanocelluloses increases all the impact indicators of starch packaging, being such increases more critical with the use of CNC obtained by H2SO4-hydrolysis. Starch/NFC plastic packaging had lower impacts than LDPE packaging in terms of carbon footprint (15-53%), eutrophication (54-74%), freshwater ecotoxicity (23-43%), use of nonrenewable energy (50%) and the opposite effect for human toxicity. There are disadvantages in terms of acidification, aerosol emission, land use and water consumption. Therefore, to compete technically and environmentally with LDPE packaging, the development of starch/nanocellulose nanocomposites must seek the maximum reinforcing effect with the lowest possible nanomaterial content in association with nanocomposite production routes that minimize environmental impacts.
Literatura infantil de prevenção a violência sexual contra crianças de 4 a 6: uma análise crítica sob a perspectiva feminista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26)
Esiquiel, Katiane Correia da Silva Goulart
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Moruzzi, Andrea Braga
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6628768124141741
This study emerges from concerns about the high rates of Child Sexual Violence (CSV) and reflections on the role of schools as agents in preventing this form of violence. The research aimed to understand the concept of "self-protective skills" through the systematization and analysis of a selection of children's books intended to serve as pedagogical tools for developing self-protection strategies and confronting CSV among children aged 4 to 6. Employing a qualitative, bibliographic, and documentary approach, the study is grounded in two main theoretical frameworks: the field of research on self-protective skills, and gender and sexuality debates through various feminist perspectives, which critically examine the culture of violence, the vulnerability of children due to their age and gender, and the systems of oppression that sustain such violence. Throughout the study, it became evident that sexuality is one of the fundamental pillars in human development, shaped by historically constructed power relations. Accordingly, the research focuses on the intersections of race, gender, class, and ethnicity; the questioning of taboos, beliefs, and values surrounding childhood sexuality; and the emphasis on children's empowerment and discernment as strategies for preventing and confronting violence-often perpetrated by individuals close to the family environment. The analysis results show that the selected children's books significantly contribute to strengthening children's bodily autonomy and critical thinking, in addition to valuing children's voices by positioning them as narrators and protagonists of the stories. However, an effective intersectional approach is lacking, as all the analyzed works feature predominantly white children from heteronormative nuclear families composed of a mother and a father. Furthermore, the experiences of Black, Indigenous, or disabled children, children from different social classes, or those belonging to LGBTQIAPN+ families are not represented, revealing a limitation in the portrayal of diversity and a significant gap in relation to a plural and inclusive feminist perspective. It is concluded that children's literature, when mediated by a critical approach and guided by a feminist perspective, can serve as a powerful tool in the prevention of sexual violence against children and the promotion of emancipatory education, since this perspective allows for the recognition and engagement with the complexity of the culture of violence-marked by inequalities of gender, race, class, sexuality, and other intersections that affect children's lives.
Controle de Amaranthus spp. utilizando o potencial alelopático de Brassicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Barbosa, Murilo Rafael
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Monquero, Patricia Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3752261793713523
The Amaranthus genus has presented biotypes with resistance to different herbicides, making its management increasingly challenging. Alternatively, species of the Brassica genus stand out for their allelopathic potential, due to the release of chemical substances known as allelochemicals, capable of inhibiting the growth of organic plants. The present study aimed to evaluate different concentrations of dry extracts of the aerial part of canola (Brassica napus), mustard (Brassica juncea) and forage radish (Raphanus sativus) in the suppression of purple pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), creeping pigweed (Amaranthus deflexus) and common pigweed (Amaranthus viridis) and to identify the classes of phytochemical constituents with potential allelopathic activity presented in the aqueous extract of Brassicas. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5x3 factorial arrangement, with five concentrations (100%, 50%, 25% and 12% and 0% as control) of dry extracts of the aerial part of Brassica species in the suppression of Amaranthus species, in four replicates. In the germination bioassay, Amaranthus species were sown in petri dishes soaked with 2 mL of each concentration and kept in BOD at 25°C and a 12-hour photoperiod, evaluating the germination percentage (%G) and the germination speed index (IVG). In the initial development bioassay, 5 ml of each extract was used on pre-germinated seeds in a container containing vermiculite, subjected to evaluation regarding hypocotyl and root length, phytotoxicity and fresh mass. A phytochemical test was performed based on qualitative reactions (color change, precipitate formation and physicochemical properties) in 2 ml samples of the crude extract of each Brassica for reducing sugars, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenes. An inhibitory effect on germination was observed in all concentrations of the extracts used, with greater inhibition at 50% and 100%. However, when the 12% concentration was used, there was a stimulation of the development of the weed species. The species A. deflexus was the most sensitive to the extracts, presenting the highest rate of germination inhibition. As the concentrations of the extracts increased, the IVG of the weed species was negatively affected, with a 100% reduction in the seeds exposed to the highest concentration (100%). There were no statistical differences in relation to the length of the hypocotyl, however, there was a reduction in the development of the root system of the seedlings, leading to poor development of the aerial part. The extracts induced phytotoxicity in the seedlings as the concentrations increased, culminating in necrosis, making it impossible to analyze the fresh mass. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts identified the presence of seven classes of chemical compounds: coumarin, steroid, flavonoid, phenol, glycoside, tannin and terpene. These results suggest that the different extracts used exert an allelopathic function on the germination and development of the weed species.
Improved parallel algorithm for finding minimum cuts in stochastic flow networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Joshan, Mohammad Sadegh
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Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3202
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0277215938197917
The expansion of information in social networks, bioinformatics, and transportation has resulted in the emergence of enormous graphs with millions or even billions of nodes and edges. Examples include communication networks with stochastic bandwidth, traffic systems with probabilistic congestion, and power grids with uncertain load demand. These scenarios pose unique computational challenges due to their probabilistic nature and dynamic structure. Traditional sequential techniques for identifying minimum cuts in graphs are ineffective in this context, as their time complexity becomes excessively high. This thesis addresses the problem by employing parallel techniques to compute minimum cuts more efficiently on large-scale graphs, leveraging modern parallel computing resources without compromising accuracy. The initial investigation explores state-of-the-art algorithms such as Parallel Push-Relabel and Parallel Karger, which depend on specific hardware and software conditions. The results support the design of the Dynamic Parallel Graph Cuts Algorithm (DPGCA), while also identifying limitations such as inefficient memory usage, limited energy scalability, and poor resource distribution in current parallel implementations.
Ensino de ciências e mudanças tecnológicas: do dilema limitante à construção humanizadora no IF Baiano campus Santa Inês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Silva, Cleber de Souza
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3749421379531019
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-3418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6820414738853018
The contradictory role made to technology in modern times, of satisfying human needs while simultaneously being a means of reproducing oppression/exclusion, contrasts with the representation of the neutral and evolutiove application of scientific knowledge still present in Brazilian schooling. By defending the humanizing relationship, we seek to answer the question: what are the relationships between science teaching at IF Baiano, Santa Inês campus, and the technological changes in the living space of this community, established by subjects of scientific and technological education? We highlight the scientificist-technicist dilemma as a discursive practice organizing science teaching at the institution, and we discuss its historical roots. The dialogue between the studies of Dussel (1984), Feenberg (2010), and Santos (2002) included decisive elements in reaffirming the importance of a rupture in the meanings of technology shared by the subjects of education. We designed and carried out an ethical-critical curricular exercise based on the principles and guidelines of Freirean Thematic Investigation, the Curricular Restructuring Movements, and Critical Collaborative Research. In the thematic network produced, we observed the feasibility of the humanizing relationship between science teaching and local/global technological changes. Despite the regionalized limit situations, namely, the naturalization of productivism, clientelism and discrimination, bringing together significant statements that articulate the technological dimension, there was no consensus among educators about the contributions of science teaching. Finally, we highlight changes in ethics admitted by the collaborative research group, from an initial consensus to a conflict of positions about the best curricular orientation for science teaching.
A ontologia indireta de Merleau-Ponty e o vínculo entre arte, ciência e filosofia: Entre van Gogh, Einstein e Heisenberg: a imaginação enquanto capacidade cognitiva e expressiva do real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Tonon, Hugo
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Moutinho, Luiz Damon Santos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9475267722538751
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2459404101194228
This thesis investigates the complementarity between art, science, and philosophy, based on Merleau-Ponty's indirect ontology and the analysis of scientific concepts and practices. Starting from van Gogh's work and Kolmogorov's idea of turbulence, we argue that imaginative cognition is a means of expressing and perceiving the world's meaning. Analyzing Merleau-Ponty's great rationalism, which integrates different forms of knowledge, and the practices of scientists like Heisenberg and Einstein, who used imagination to revolutionize physics, we conclude that expressive complementarity enriches our understanding of reality, uniting art, science, and philosophy.
Desenvolvimento de estratégias para melhorar a disponibilidade de fósforo em solos através da fermentação em estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Rodrigues, Natalia Alvarez
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-190X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8928436632437953
The growing concern over the environmental impacts of intensive agriculture has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives, such as bioinoculants and biofertilizers. Among these strategies, the use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) is particularly promising, as they can reduce dependence on conventional phosphate fertilizers, whose production is associated with significant environmental damage. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has emerged as a favorable cultivation method in this context, enabling the valorization of agro-industrial residues as fermentation substrates, thereby supporting circular economy principles. Given this scenario, this thesis aimed to investigate biotechnological strategies for producing phosphate biofertilizers via the cultivation of PSMs through SSF. Initially, the study focused on improving the solubilization process of phosphate rocks (PRs) through SSF by optimizing oxalic acid production by the fungus Aspergillus niger. Using sequential experimental designs, several variables were assessed, including substrate composition, sucrose supplementation, and methanol addition. A substrate mixture of sugarcane bagasse and soybean bran (1:1 w w-1) was identified as the most effective for stimulating oxalic acid synthesis. Methanol addition proved to be a key factor in this process, increasing acid excretion threefold. Under optimized conditions - 7% methanol and 5 g of sucrose per kg of dry substrate (d.s.) -, substantial solubilization of Bayóvar, Itafós, and Registro PRs was achieved. Furthermore, the SSF process facilitated the release of organic P from the substrate itself, due to the production of enzymes such as phosphatases and cellulases. For Bayóvar PR, a maximum soluble P release of 12.1 g kg-1 d.s. was observed, corresponding to a solubilization efficiency of 63.8%. Based on these promising results, the process was evaluated in bench scale using a multilayer packed-bed bioreactor (PBB). Although the PBB system showed adequate operational behavior, methanol volatilization likely limited the solubilization efficiency to 24.6%. On the other hand, in situ drying of the fermented solids within the PBB successfully preserved both microbial viability and acid phosphatase activity over a 34-day storage period. Furthermore, greenhouse experiments revealed that substituting 50% of chemical fertilizer with the biofertilizers developed on a lab-scale did not compromise plant performance. Additionally, a different approach using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum was also explored, with a focus on optimize sporulation and enhancing the production of metabolites related to increased P acquisition by plants, such as indole derivatives and flavonoids. Cultivation was performed using beer draff and wheat straw as substrates. After optimization of aeration, proportion of substrates and inoculum size in 0.5 L PBBs, high values were achieved: 1.08 × 10¹⁰ spores g⁻¹ dry matter (DM), 511.3 µg g⁻¹ DM of indole derivatives, and 2.2 mg g⁻¹ DM of total flavonoids. At bench scale (22 L PBB), the system still supported good sporulation (1 × 10⁹ spores g⁻¹ DM) and indole derivative production (688 µg g⁻¹ DM). However, overheating of up to 16.5°C above the optimal temperature (25°C) resulted in significant axial and radial thermal gradients, which notably impaired the production of acid phosphatase and flavonoids. Overall, this work provides significant contributions to the development of phosphate biofertilizers through SSF, identifying both promising strategies and key challenges for future advancement.
Propostas de ensino por investigação sobre quantidade de movimento e corrente elétrica para alunos com TDAH
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-27)
Oliveira, Gabriel Rinhel de
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Veraszto, Estéfano Vizconde
;
Colato, Alexandre
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5460973924624757
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-007X
In this work the aim is to discuss Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the teaching of physics and the impact that limited knowledge on the part of teachers can have on the education of students. As well as an introduction to ADHD, the main characteristics of the condition and the impact it can have on students’ development and learning were presented. Strategies developed by various authors as alternatives to traditional teaching were also presented in order to ensure a better education for students. Based on some of the proposals presented, namely Inquiry Teaching, two lesson plans were developed for secondary school students. The aim is to give students an active role in order to encourage the development of their reasoning and critical thinking skills.
Dilatação do espaço e tempo na franquia The Last of Us: lógica diegética no âmbito das franquias de mídia contemporâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-28)
Gonzalez, Allison Vicente
;
Massarolo, João Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9650332168309193
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9189-1157
This research develops an analysis of The Last of Us™ as a media franchise that moves between adaptation and transposition, transitioning from a computer game to a television series. The study presents a history of computer game adaptations, aiming to highlight how the transition of these games to other media involves them in their own cultural and market-driven development, which is understood within the concept of media franchises. The contrast between a computer game and a cinematic production, however, is quite evident. The research incisively discusses this media contrast, which manifests in audiovisual adaptation processes and productions that encompass different media formats based on the same narrative—each with its own unique characteristics. By examining what defines a computer game and what defines a television series, it was observed that space-time representation categories serve as common conceptual elements within these audiovisual productions and the very definition of “media.” Based on this, the research follows this lead to identify how The Last of Us™ deliberately employs space-time representations and how the television series utilizes these same representations. It was possible to determine how space-time representations in The Last of Us™ converge within a shared development, allowing for different aesthetic experiences of the narrative as a whole, while each medium expresses its own unique capabilities. It was noted that each medium has the capacity to emphasize and intensify certain instances of space-time representation categories in relation to the other. Television series tend to enhance temporal representations, with spatial representations serving their function, whereas computer games intensify spatial representations, with temporal elements structured accordingly. As a result, in addition to highlighting different possibilities within each medium, the study also indicates how this contributes to the diegesis of The Last of Us™ as an intellectual property.
Conversaciones sobre la acción política con terapeutas ocupacionales en Colombia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-28)
García Ruiz, Alix Solángel
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Serrata Malfitano, Ana Paula
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-3194
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3596468307348516
Este estudio se soporta en el pensamiento filosófico de Antonio Gramsci para discernir la manera en que se configura la acción política hoy, en la vida profesional de terapeutas ocupacionales en Colombia. La investigación considera la perspectiva del materialismo histórico como forma de aprender, revelar y exponer una estructura; de reflexionar sobre la realidad particular; y de preguntar sobre el significado, los aspectos históricos, sociales, políticos y técnicos que circundan la profesión. La discusión fue basada en conversaciones con diversos terapeutas ocupacionales con el fin de recoger los procesos y las cotidianidades en polifonía de voces, de redes humanas y de tramas. La convocatoria a las conversaciones se realizó a través del Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional, de los programas de formación de la profesión, y de redes sociales. Entre octubre de 2022 y mayo de 2023, se realizaron cinco grupos de conversación en las ciudades de Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Medellín, Cali y Bogotá, en Colombia. La interacción contó con un total de 27 participantes de diferentes generaciones: 25 mujeres y 2 hombres. El grupo se conformó con 17 terapeutas ocupacionales vinculados al sector privado y 10 al sector público, 22 de los cuales son docentes universitarios de programas de terapia ocupacional. Finalmente, en octubre de 2024, una nueva conversación virtual se llevó a cabo con nueve de los colegas que participaron en el primer encuentro, donde se discutieron las categorías propuestas para el análisis. Las conversaciones reflejan una visión hegemónica del sentido común sobre el conflicto armado colombiano, la cultura institucional y el sistema de seguridad social en salud. Evidencian las formas de encontrar trabajo, las relaciones con los empleadores, las formas de contratación. Así mismo, la prestación de servicios ajustada a formalidades preestablecidas; el desperdicio de la experiencia y la imposibilidad de trabajar de manera colectiva. El actuar profesional responde a condiciones del mundo neoliberal y de un contexto de país centralista. Las conversaciones muestran la resistencia asociada a las reflexiones ético-políticas, las interacciones con los sujetos para quienes se trabaja, las decisiones conceptuales en la práctica, el reconocimiento profesional. Así mismo, evidencian una fuga de acciones colectivas que no se concretan en acciones transformadoras, donde el terapeuta ocupacional se convierte en empleado del consenso. Como resultado, dos disputas quedan claras: la primera entre un proyecto de desarrollo ético-político individual armonizado con las agendas del gobierno versus un proyecto ético-político colectivo que lucha por las necesidades de los sujetos en sus contextos. La segunda, entre el terapeuta ocupacional como empleado del consenso versus el sujeto político genuino. Finalmente, la tesis expone la complejidad de las condiciones y situaciones que vive la sociedad actual. En ella, los terapeutas ocupacionales cuestionan el lugar político de la profesión y sus posibilidades de contribuir a la transformación social y a la construcción de paisajes de esperanza.
Rousseau: a educação e a escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-28)
Palhares, Rafaela Fernanda
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Cruz, Fernão de Oliveira Salles dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9496354571712524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0691170766824816
This study aims to investigate the concept of school in the thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Based on the thesis of the natural goodness of the human being and the analysis of the state of nature, it seeks to understand how Rousseau structures two educational models—private and public—that, although they serve different purposes, share a common principle: respect for human nature. Rousseau considers that the goal of private education is to shape the natural man, while public education aims at the formation of the citizen. Although the author did not develop a systematic theory about the school institution, his works provide valuable insights for reflecting on the school as a formative space. The research is primarily grounded in three key texts: Emile, or On Education, Economy (Moral and Political), and Considerations on the Government of Poland and on Its Proposed Reform, in which it is possible to identify elements that point toward an alternative school model oriented to the moral and civic formation of the individual
Práticas da gestão do conhecimento como contributo para a geração da inovação nas micro e pequenas empresas da região de Bauru/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-28)
Tomaz, Washington Luiz
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-1802
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9980743156117658
This study addresses the issue of knowledge management in micro and small enterprises (MSEs, English acronym for ME/EPP) in the technology and marketing sectors with focus on knowledge management practices. Information, as a fundamental input in the organizational context, gains importance as it is transformed into knowledge, enabling the emergence of innovations. In this sense, knowledge becomes a strategic resource, essential for decision-making and business sustainability. Knowledge Management and its practices thus present themselves as strategic tools to meet the growing demands for innovation and competitive-ness in the current market scenario. Accordingly, the theoretical foundation is based on dis-cussions around the following themes: organizational knowledge, knowledge management and its practices, organizational innovation, and micro and small enterprises (MSEs), with the aim of achieving the main goal of this research — identifying the contribution of knowledge management practices to innovation-related processes in MSEs in the Bauru/SP region. Through field research, three MSEs in the Bauru/SP region were interviewed. Using the Con-tent Analysis method, the study assessed the importance of knowledge management prac-tices in the organizational environment and their contribution to the generation and promotion of innovation. According to the research data, around 10 (ten) out of the 17 (seventeen) listed knowledge management practices are fully utilized by the MSEs, accounting for 58% of the total. Additionally, it was found that all the knowledge management practices contributed to some type of innovation within the surveyed companies. Therefore, the results indicate that the surveyed companies recognize the importance of knowledge management practices, even if some are not implemented due to a lack of awareness or other reasons. The findings also highlight the improvements being made to organizational environments to better leverage these benefits. Nevertheless, it is understood that by employing knowledge management practices — to varying degrees — companies are contributing to the generation and promo-tion of innovation within MSEs.
'Es preciso imaginar la red de micorrizas que se encuentra bajo tierra'. A caça de trufas negras (Tuber melanosporum) no Chile ou: como acessar um mundo que nos é inacessível?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-28)
Fanaro, Luisa Amador
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Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5684-1250
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8167351407012319
Esta tesis es el resultado de una investigación de campo dirigida a investigar las relaciones entre humanos y otros-que-humanos en el cultivo de trufas negras (Tuber melanosporum) en Chile. Allí, la truficultura se remonta a principios de la década de 2000, cuando se importaron desde España técnicas, conocimientos y el propio hongo con el objetivo de establecer las primeras plantaciones truferas de Sudamérica. Hoy en día, ya sea en los bosques europeos o en los huertos cultivados alrededor del mundo, la caza de trufas es una faena llevada a cabo por perros y humanos que depende de la co-constitución de una relación de cooperación entre ambos. Adoptando una perspectiva material-semiótica, la etnografía se centró en los diferentes encuentros entre perros, humanos y trufas, desde la preparación de los animales hasta la caza, o cosecha, del diamante negro de la gastronomía. Sostengo que la caza de trufas en ese contexto debe analizarse desde el punto de vista del trabajo humano-animal, o trabajo con animales, y que su éxito deriva del hecho de que humanos y perros operen siempre dentro de un régimen laboral. También sugiero que es a través del perro que se puede revelar lo que está oculto, escondido bajo tierra – son los animales los que, al fin y al cabo, nos permiten acceder a un mundo que nos resulta inaccesible – y que esta práctica puede servir para repensar y ampliar el propio concepto de caza y lo que es o puede ser el acto de cazar.