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O ensino de Termodinâmica e seu impacto na formação do profissional de engenharia química na Era da Indústria 4.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26) Sousa, Luís Henrique de Barros e; Maia, Gustavo Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804133304643228
The increasing digitalization and automation brought about by Industry 4.0 have profoundly transformed the industrial landscape, demanding a significant update to the professional skills of chemical engineers. In this context, traditional teaching methods for fundamental disciplines, such as thermodynamics, face significant challenges in keeping up with these changes. This paper analyzes ways to adapt the teaching of thermodynamics to meet Industry 4.0 demands, which are characterized by digitalization, automation, and real-time data integration in production processes. Through a literature review and critical synthesis, this paper discusses historical learning challenges, such as mathematical complexity, conceptual abstraction, and theory-practice articulation, and relates them to the technical and behavioral skills required of chemical engineers in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The study emphasizes innovative pedagogical strategies, such as project-based learning, computer simulations, gamification, and interactive visualizations, which foster critical thinking, complex problem solving, and digital tool mastery. The study concludes that integrating digital technologies into the thermodynamics curriculum, combined with active learning methodologies, enhances training for flexible, interdisciplinary professionals prepared for hyper-connected industrial environments.
Análise das condições de salubridade ambiental e da sustentabilidade dos municípios da UGRHI 06 – Alto Tietê-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26) Franzotti, João Pedro; Ventura, Katia Sakihama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-668X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5492580713313724
Population growth and industrial expansion pose increasingly complex challenges to urban planning, especially with regard to the provision of adequate basic sanitation infrastructure, directly impacting the environmental health and sustainability of municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of municipalities belonging to the Alto Tietê River Basin-SP in relation to sustainability and environmental health. The methodology adopted consisted of analyzing health using the Environmental Health Index, together with a comparative analysis of this with the Sustainable Development Index of Cities. The association between the two indicators was also carried out, the identification of the main challenges faced by municipalities and the application of the 5W2H tool to propose actions aimed at overcoming these challenges. An average of 57.26 (scale from 0 to 100) was obtained in the arithmetic mean between the ISA and the IDSC for UGRHI 06, indicating that all municipalities in the Alto Tietê Basin were classified as having an average level for health and sustainability. The municipalities presented superior performances for health when compared to sustainability, evidencing the lack of actions to promote advances in this sector. Three central challenges faced by the municipalities were identified: insufficient urban infrastructure, lack of sewage collection and treatment, and high deforestation rates. The 5W2H tool was used to analyze and propose solutions, with the aim of developing specific strategic actions for each of these sectors.
Política pública de formação de educadores do campo: um estudo a partir da experiência-piloto das quatro universidades pioneiras no projeto de licenciatura em educação do campo e a inserção profissional dos egressos no mercado de trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26) Oliveira, Elane Rodrigues de; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0637114479666075
This thesis presents a study of the policy for training educators in the countryside, which includes the Degree in Education in the Countryside (LEdoC), a study based on the pilot experiences at the federal universities of UFMG, UNB, UFS and UFBA. These courses are structured by area of knowledge and alternation. They aim to train and qualify professionals to work in the final years of primary and secondary education, with a focus on basic education in the countryside. Rural Education emerged from the struggle on/for land within the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) with the support of national and international organizations. We set out to understand whether, as the proposal for Education in the Countryside/LEdoC becomes institutionalized and expands its offer, the graduates have been inserted into the job market. To this end, we undertook an investigation that problematizes the recognition and professional insertion of graduates from the Rural Education Degree course, how these professionals have been inserted into the job market and how the training they have received has contributed to and empowered this working class to confront the capitalist logic. To this end, the study was based on historical and dialectical materialism, which is an indispensable theoretical framework for carrying out work aimed at transforming the relationship between individuals and society. The methodological contribution of the research, of a theoretical nature, is bibliographical and documental. Books, theses, dissertations and articles were consulted, as well as relevant theorists for the discussions. The documentary research was based on materials developed by social movements and the MEC, as well as normative frameworks achieved by the state and other documents. Data was also collected through a questionnaire with graduates and LEdoC coordinators. The results indicate that Degree Courses in Rural Education are a policy for training educators that is in the process of consolidation, materialization and expansion in the different Brazilian regions. It is noteworthy that Alternative Education is a tool that facilitates the study and work process for many working class individuals. As far as graduates are concerned, obtaining recognition and entering the job market represent their biggest challenges. This study has also allowed us to understand that education is influenced by various social, political and economic factors. Furthermore, these issues become more emphatic, especially when dealing with working class people and rural areas. The analyses carried out lead us to recognize and emphasize the LEdoC as an important territory for rural education, which, in turn, presents itself as a territory in constant dispute. This process reveals that, despite the progress made over the years, there are still a series of contradictions, limits and potentialities that permeate the power relations between class fractions in order to make LEdoCs effective and institutionalized in the training of capable subjects with rights.
Literatura infantil de prevenção a violência sexual contra crianças de 4 a 6: uma análise crítica sob a perspectiva feminista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26) Esiquiel, Katiane Correia da Silva Goulart; Moruzzi, Andrea Braga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6628768124141741
This study emerges from concerns about the high rates of Child Sexual Violence (CSV) and reflections on the role of schools as agents in preventing this form of violence. The research aimed to understand the concept of "self-protective skills" through the systematization and analysis of a selection of children's books intended to serve as pedagogical tools for developing self-protection strategies and confronting CSV among children aged 4 to 6. Employing a qualitative, bibliographic, and documentary approach, the study is grounded in two main theoretical frameworks: the field of research on self-protective skills, and gender and sexuality debates through various feminist perspectives, which critically examine the culture of violence, the vulnerability of children due to their age and gender, and the systems of oppression that sustain such violence. Throughout the study, it became evident that sexuality is one of the fundamental pillars in human development, shaped by historically constructed power relations. Accordingly, the research focuses on the intersections of race, gender, class, and ethnicity; the questioning of taboos, beliefs, and values surrounding childhood sexuality; and the emphasis on children's empowerment and discernment as strategies for preventing and confronting violence-often perpetrated by individuals close to the family environment. The analysis results show that the selected children's books significantly contribute to strengthening children's bodily autonomy and critical thinking, in addition to valuing children's voices by positioning them as narrators and protagonists of the stories. However, an effective intersectional approach is lacking, as all the analyzed works feature predominantly white children from heteronormative nuclear families composed of a mother and a father. Furthermore, the experiences of Black, Indigenous, or disabled children, children from different social classes, or those belonging to LGBTQIAPN+ families are not represented, revealing a limitation in the portrayal of diversity and a significant gap in relation to a plural and inclusive feminist perspective. It is concluded that children's literature, when mediated by a critical approach and guided by a feminist perspective, can serve as a powerful tool in the prevention of sexual violence against children and the promotion of emancipatory education, since this perspective allows for the recognition and engagement with the complexity of the culture of violence-marked by inequalities of gender, race, class, sexuality, and other intersections that affect children's lives.
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de plásticos biodegradáveis de amido reforçados com nanoceluloses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-05-26) Major, Vinicius de Souza; Marconcini, José Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-9796; Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3177; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3093392500949844; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-6193
This dissertation aimed to quantify the environmental impacts of starch packaging reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) and nanocrystals (CNC) using life cycle assessment (LCA). The studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus pulp and cotton as cellulose sources, the NFC and CNC production methods and their contents (2.5% - 10%) on impact indicators of starch/nanocellulose nanocomposites. The LCA was conducted based on ISO 14044, establishing comparisons of nanocomposites with fossil-based and biobased LDPE (Bio-LDPE) using a 20 cm x 30 cm plastic bag as a flexible packaging model. A cradle to grave system boundary was adopted, assuming aerobic composting and landfill for the starch-based and LDPE-based packaging, respectively. The OpenLCA 2.2 software and the Ecoinvent 3.7.1 database were used for life cycle modeling and inventory (LCI) and for calculating impact indicators related to ecosystem vitality, human health and natural resource depletion. Uncertainty calculations were performed by Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. The hypothesis that starch is an eco-friendly material in opposition to LDPE was confirmed. However, the use of nanocelluloses increases all the impact indicators of starch packaging, being such increases more critical with the use of CNC obtained by H2SO4-hydrolysis. Starch/NFC plastic packaging had lower impacts than LDPE packaging in terms of carbon footprint (15-53%), eutrophication (54-74%), freshwater ecotoxicity (23-43%), use of nonrenewable energy (50%) and the opposite effect for human toxicity. There are disadvantages in terms of acidification, aerosol emission, land use and water consumption. Therefore, to compete technically and environmentally with LDPE packaging, the development of starch/nanocellulose nanocomposites must seek the maximum reinforcing effect with the lowest possible nanomaterial content in association with nanocomposite production routes that minimize environmental impacts.