Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-06-28"

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 1911
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Educação inclusiva no ensino fundamental: desafios e possibilidades
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-28)
    Gonçales, Valdineia de Fatima Roventini
    ;
    Sirino, Marcio Bernardino
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7948350545918651
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-6225
    This paper addresses the topic of Inclusive Education in Elementary School, highlighting the challenges and possibilities for developing pedagogical practices that respect diversity and ensure the right to learning for all students. Based on a literature review, the study seeks to understand the foundations of school inclusion and reflect on the role of the school, teachers, and the school community in the inclusion process. The article presents concepts, legislation, and proposals for inclusive actions, focusing on ensuring meaningful learning for students with disabilities, pervasive developmental disorders, and giftedness/high abilities. It is based on the premise that Inclusive Education is a fundamental principle for building a democratic and equitable society. In the context of Elementary Education, the inclusion of students who are the target audience of Special Education poses challenges to educational institutions and professionals, requiring didactic, pedagogical, and structural adaptations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    A Didática Magna e as transformações pedagógicas que deram origem a pedagogia moderna
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-28)
    Ornelas, Ana Beatriz de Carvalho
    ;
    Sirino, Marcio Bernardino
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7948350545918651
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-6225
    This paper aims to analyze the trajectory and pedagogical legacy of Jan Amos Comenius, highlighting how his personal experiences and the challenges of his time inspired and shaped an innovative vision that contributed to the development of a transformative educational system. His thinking has been revisited by many researchers, and we will observe where the didactics that still inspire educators today began. The specific objective of this article is to structure and point out Comenius’s pedagogical thinking: how it developed, what resources led him to his conclusions, what inspired him from childhood, and how these life experiences enabled him to become one of the pioneers in defending the democratization and universalization of education, regardless of social class. John Amos Comenius is a classical author in the field of education and didactics. Born on March 28, 1592, in Nivnice, Moravia (present-day Czech Republic), he became an orphan at the age of 12 after losing his parents and two sisters to the plague that devastated Europe. He lived with an aunt and was later sent to Prerov to study. He entered the University of Herborn between 1613 and 1614, where he was strongly influenced by Calvinism and Scholasticism—elements that directly shaped his theological and pedagogical thought. This research will be conducted through historical and bibliographic study, based on Comenius’s works and biographies, especially the book The Concept of Theology and Pedagogy in Comenius’s Didactica Magna, by Edson Pereira Lopes. Throughout the text, we will explore the author’s ideas that anticipated modern educational practices, such as teaching in the mother tongue, respecting each child's learning pace, and using images in the teaching-learning process. I conclude by emphasizing that the importance of this research lies in recovering a pedagogical thought that, although born in past centuries, remains essential for reflecting on the quality, access, and equity of education today.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Qualidade das informações contábeis e práticas ESG: o papel do índice ISE B3 na transparência e governança corporativa
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-28)
    Barbosa, Isabela Almeida Dias
    ;
    Lopes, Samantha das Graças
    ;
    Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9615144436796386
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9382
    This study investigates the relationship between corporate sustainability practices—measured by participation in the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE B3)—and the quality of financial information disclosed by publicly traded Brazilian companies. Based on a sample of 166 companies and 836 observations from 2021 to 2023, the study applies the Modified Jones Model to estimate discretionary accruals as a proxy for accounting quality. The results indicate that overall participation in the ISE is not statistically significant in improving information quality. However, when analyzing individual index dimensions, climate change-related practices were positively associated with accounting quality, while corporate governance showed a negative and statistically significant effect. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of ESG practices on financial transparency depends on real organizational commitment to sustainability rather than mere formal compliance.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Investigação das propriedades ácido-base dos catalisadores de Cu/Zn/Nb utilizados na produção de metanol a partir da hidrogenação de CO2
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Jahnel, Debora Rodrigues
    ;
    Gomes, Janaina Fernandes
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-8944
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4262660996337724
    The use of CO₂ as an industrial input could become a sustainable alternative for the production of chemical commodities, such as methanol, while also contributing to reducing the concentration of this gas in the atmosphere and mitigating its negative effects. Copper-based catalysts have been intensively investigated for the hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol. In recent studies, Cu/Zn catalysts promoted with Nb exhibited higher CO₂ conversion and greater selectivity to methanol compared to the non-promoted Cu/Zn catalysts and those promoted with other metals; however, this behavior has not been fully understood. Typically, in CO₂ hydrogenation catalytic reactions, an increase in surface basicity can favor the CO₂ adsorption step. Nevertheless, the addition of Nb generally leads to an increase in the acidity of the materials, which at first appears to be counterintuitive. In this context, the objective of the present study was to contribute to the understanding of the acid-base properties of Cu and Zn catalysts promoted with different Nb mass fractions. The materials were synthesized by co-precipitation and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ physisorption, temperature-programmed desorption of CO₂ and NH₃ (TPD-CO₂ and TPD-NH₃), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). From the characterizations performed, it was possible to verify that the materials exhibited crystallinity, morphology, and textural properties similar to those obtained in previous studies. Based on the results of TPD-CO₂, it was observe that the basicity of the materials with different Nb contents did not show a considerable variation. On the other hand, the TPD-NH₃ results showed significant variations in the acidity of the materials with increasing Nb content. The Cu50/Zn45/Nb5 material, which had previously shown the best catalytic performance for methanol production, also exhibited lower acidity than the other materials, suggesting that lower acidity may be the determining factor for maximizing methanol production in this material. Compared to the literature, the TPD-CO₂ and TPD-NH₃ results are consistent, indicating good reproducibility. The lower acidity may be related to the high calcination temperature (450 °C).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Avaliação e intervenção em fluência de leitura oral em estudantes da educação básica com dificuldades de leitura
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Silva, Natany Ferreira
    ;
    Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-697X
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4210143840110003
    Despite a growing body of national research assessing oral reading fluency, few Brazilian studies have investigated the impact of interventions targeting this skill in students with reading difficulties. International systematic reviews and meta-analyses have recently highlighted the potential of repeated reading and listening-while-reading interventions to support these learners. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of Behavior Analysis, Special Education, and Speech-Language Pathology, this doctoral research aimed to investigate, through empirical studies, the oral reading fluency performance of students in Special Education or with specific educational needs, as well as the efficacy of intensive, individualized interventions, using a single-subject research design. The first study evaluated 14 students in Special Education or with specific educational needs, analyzing the number of words read correctly per minute, accuracy rate, total reading time, and comprehension through the CBM-Maze task. Results showed that 10 of the 14 participants exhibited oral reading fluency deficits relative to their grade level. The study emphasizes the importance of objective, individualized assessments to analyze students’ performance in oral reading fluency and related academic skills. The second study assessed the effects of repeated reading with error correction and listening-while-reading on oral reading fluency and comprehension among elementary and secondary students with difficulties in these areas, regardless of specific diagnoses. Five basic education students participated. A pre- and post-intervention experimental design was employed, along with an alternating treatment design to compare intervention conditions. Following the intervention sessions, all participants showed increased numbers of correctly read words compared to baseline measures. Both repeated reading with error correction and listening-while-reading produced similar effects on oral reading fluency, though repeated reading resulted in a higher average of accurately read words per minute. Reading comprehension improved for two participants and remained stable for the others. The procedures and findings have implications for the assessment, monitoring, and development of reading fluency interventions, particularly for students with neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Estudo de ecossistemas aquáticos temporários da Caatinga pernambucana com foco na comunidade zooplanctônica
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Neves, Filipe Guilherme Ramos Costa
    ;
    Melo Júnior, Mauro de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-1205
    ;
    Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
    La pandemia de la COVID-19, con más de 4 millones de muertes a nivel mundial, ha reforzado la relación entre las acciones antrópicas, como la deforestación, y la proliferación de enfermedades infecciosas. Este patrón de degradación ambiental es característico de los ecosistemas brasileños, incluida la Caatinga. Este es uno de los biomas más amenazados actualmente que, además de las acciones antrópicas, ya enfrenta procesos selectivos como la sequía en la región. No obstante, la Caatinga presenta muchos ambientes acuáticos donde habita una gran diversidad de organismos, como por ejemplo el zooplancton. El objetivo central de esta tesis fue investigar la diversidad de la comunidad de zooplancton en lagunas temporales de la Caatinga, en Pernambuco. Para ello, inicialmente se realizó una compilación de las especies acuáticas, incluidas especies de la comunidad de zooplancton, de diferentes ambientes dulceacuícolas de la Caatinga a partir de una revisión sistemática hasta el año 2024. Se utilizaron las palabras clave en el siguiente arreglo: Caatinga y (agua o agua dulce), alcanzando 1.492 trabajos en dos bases de datos (Web of Science, 1.343 trabajos; PubMed, 149 trabajos), cuyos trabajos fueron evaluados conforme a criterios de inclusión predefinidos. Se registraron 1.021 especies acuáticas de ambientes lóticos y lénticos de la Caatinga como ríos, arroyos, cascadas, embalses, lagunas y bromelias. Los peces son el grupo más estudiado en la región, con el mayor número de trabajos publicados. La revista Biota Neotropica lidera el ranking de publicaciones sobre organismos acuáticos de la Caatinga. El zooplancton litoral de lagunas temporales de la Caatinga también fue evaluado para comprender la influencia de factores ambientales y de actividades agropecuarias en la diversidad, composición y abundancia de esta comunidad. Se evaluaron 15 lagunas de la cuenca del río Moxotó, uno de los afluentes del río São Francisco, a partir de la colecta de zooplancton y de variables abióticas en la región litoral de los ecosistemas lacustres. Se registraron 117 especies de zooplancton, que presentó diferencias en la composición ante la presencia de ganado en el entorno de las lagunas. Brachionidae fue el grupo más representativo de la comunidad en estas 15 lagunas. Además, las seis lagunas más grandes de este estudio fueron evaluadas en cuanto al patrón de diversidad β y los patrones de coocurrencia del zooplancton de forma estacional, considerando los períodos de sequía y de crecida de las lagunas. Este estudio en seis lagunas reveló 93 taxones cuya diversidad β no difirió entre los períodos hidrológicos, aunque algunas especies coexistieron en una relación negativa. Sin embargo, se produjo un crecimiento del número de estudios sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos de la Caatinga en los últimos años, lo cual es esencial para el establecimiento de políticas públicas y acciones de manejo eficientes en la región. Dichas políticas y acciones deben considerar aspectos del uso de la tierra como la ganadería, de modo que se logre éxito en el alcance de los objetivos. Con la predominancia de especies bioindicadoras de procesos de eutrofización, la región donde se realizó este estudio requiere atención. Los estudios de larga duración en el semiárido aún son escasos, aunque son importantes para revelar procesos ecológicos hasta ahora encubiertos en el semiárido brasileño.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Física e arte: uma análise de dissertações e produtos do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Gerlach, Jennifer Schroder
    ;
    Gebara, Maria José Fontana
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-3683
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2869456557335666
    This study aimed to investigate interdisciplinary approaches between physics and art in dissertationsand educational products from the National Professional Master’s Program in Physics Teaching (MNPEF). The research, qualitative, exploratory, and documentary in nature, analyzed 29 dissertations approved between 2016 and 2023 from MNPEF centers in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, seeking to understand the possibilities emerging from teaching proposals that adopt an interdisciplinary approach between physics and art. Based on the theoretical framework on interdisciplinarity, two analytical categories were established: instrumental use of art and interdisciplinary integration. The analysis of the materials revealed that the incorporation of art into Physics teaching occurs, for the most part, in a punctual manner, serving as a supportive didactic resource. However, more in-depth proposals for articulating knowledge were also identified, capable of fostering more creative, critical, and contextualized educational experiences. The most frequently used artistic expressions were theater and comic strips. The findings indicate that the relationship between Physics and Art can significantly contribute to making teaching more engaging, meaningful, and connected to students’ realities, provided it is approached intentionally and reflectively. The study reinforces the importance of interdisciplinarity as a strategy to overcome curricular fragmentation and as a means for the holistic development of learners.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Terapeutas ocupacionais no campo das emergências e desastres, no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Ribeiro, Fernanda Laís
    ;
    Magalhães, Lilian Vieira
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695787131933459
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3666-3685
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7652568076652685
    Emergencies and disasters are inherently social phenomena. Often approached from the perspective of risk, these situations reveal complex demands, both individual and collective, that directly affect human rights, such as freedom, dignity, and access to justice. Their effects expose issues such as ethical dilemmas, human actions and omissions, economic and political interests, and scientific hesitations and denialism. The choices made to protect lives and contain damage often deepen inequalities, highlighting overlapping vulnerabilities and unequal access to life-saving resources. In Brazil, the COVID-19 pandemic, recurring disasters caused by heavy rains, fires, and the collapse of Vale and Samarco dams have exposed preexisting structural weaknesses in the State and society. This reaffirms the urgency of effective planning, intersectoral actions and actions supported by justice, in which occupational therapists have a relevant role to play, especially in expanding participation, promoting equity and life possibilities in the face of occupational interruption in those affected. Therefore, this study aims to articulate levels of analysis in relation to the possible practices that have been developed by occupational therapists in the field of emergencies and disasters, with the objective of identifying characteristics and priorities, revealing, discussing and improving possible theoretical-practical perspectives currently in use. Therefore, it is about considering how occupational therapists can contribute equally in the field of emergencies and disasters, considering their choices, but also the social, historical, multicultural, ethical and political reality of the Brazilian context. To this end, a single case study was conducted, articulating interviews with twelve occupational therapists who were and/or continue to be involved with the disaster at Boate Kiss, in Rio Grande do Sul, whose findings were worked on based on thematic analysis. The narratives indicate that work in this field remains historically marked by predominantly reactive approaches, strongly influenced by theoretical-practical frameworks and international regulations that do not always reflect local historical, social, and cultural specificities. The participants revealed sensitive and collective practices, reconfiguring notions of justice and public policy, and acting as agents of care and social transformation in the gaps left by ineffective social protection structures. The study contributes to the field by valuing narratives that reveal the profession's ethical, moral, and political commitment, but also exposes persistent gaps in training, formal recognition, and conceptual clarity regarding emergencies and disasters. It is also recognized that the emphasis on reactive actions limits the exploration of dimensions such as prevention and preparedness. Future research is recommended to deepen the understanding of disasters as social phenomena, invest in practical instruction and simulations in training processes, explore the implementation of public policies for the care of frontline professionals while affected, and investigate strategies for transitioning from a reactive logic to proactive approaches.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Estudo piloto empregando curcumina fotoativada com luz azul no tratamento da acne facial graus i e ii
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Simão, Gabriely
    ;
    Lizarelli, Rosane de Fátima Zanirato
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2731667756261108
    ;
    Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
    Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit that significantly impacts the quality of life of young adults. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional treatments due to its localized action and lower risk of systemic side effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of PDT using 1.5% curcumin activated by blue light (465 ± 10 nm) for the treatment of grade I and II acne through in vitro and in vivo approaches. In the in vitro stage, Cutibacterium acnes strains were exposed to different concentrations of curcumin, with or without irradiation, and assessed by spectrophotometry (OD600) and optical fluorescence. The combination of curcumin and blue light significantly reduced bacterial viability (p < 0.001), confirming its photosensitizing action. In the in vivo stage, 16 volunteers (aged 25–35) were divided into four groups: control, blue light, curcumin, and PDT. The protocol consisted of 16 sessions over 60 days. Objective evaluations included skin hydration and oiliness (Skin Analyser®), porphyrin fluorescence (EVINCE®), and standardized photographic records. In the PDT group, a significant reduction in red fluorescence intensity was observed between the 1st, 8th, and 16th sessions (glabella: 6.72 ± 1.02 → 3.81 ± 0.84; p < 0.001), indicating decreased bacterial activity. Skin oiliness also significantly decreased (glabella: 58.7 ± 7.4 → 42.3 ± 5.6; p < 0.05), with similar trends in malar and mentonian regions. Although hydration did not differ significantly, a trend toward improvement was noted in the PDT group. Clinically, visible regression of inflammatory lesions was observed, especially after the 8th session. It is concluded that PDT with 1.5% curcumin activated by blue light demonstrates significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, representing a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative for the treatment of grade I and II acne.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Uma proposta de uso de programação em blocos para desenvolvimento de jogos físicos e incentivo a área STEM
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Assis, Ricardo Henrique da Silva
    ;
    Aroca, Rafael Vidal
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9262228584082064
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5921758425283421
    ;
    Inoue, Roberto Santos
    The present work addresses the urgent need to attract talent to STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), recognizing the importance of these áreas for technological advancement and innovation. One tool that can play a significant role in this process is BIPES—a platform that uses block-based programming to simplify the development of embedded systems projects. Acknowledging the strong appeal of games for elementary and high school students, this study proposes an innovative approach that leverages BIPES to assist students in building physical game prototypes. These projects integrate components such as buttons, potentiometers, and displays. To this end, the project developed and implemented playful programming blocks, code snippets, and instructional guides that support students in constructing physical games through block-based programming and the assembly of prototypes using low-cost, easily accessible electronic components. It was possible to build (and test) step-by-step guides for assembling physical game devices and programming them to implement a version of the classic PONG game and a Space Invaders-style game. This outcome—centered around the theme of gaming—proves to be highly motivating for students at various levels and aims to foster the development of new talent while supporting continued progress in STEM education.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    A sensibilidade aos animais: uma análise de discurso
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Alves Filho, Manoel Sebastião
    ;
    Baratay, Eric
    ;
    Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-983X
    This research aims to analyze discourses on sensitivity toward animals produced within the contemporary domains of science, law, and non-governmental organizations, with the purpose of detecting, describing, and interpreting their specificities and differences in the constancy and intensity of affirmations and denials that animals are endowed with properties such as sensations, emotions, consciousness, and language. We seek to verify the hypothesis according to which sensations and emotions such as pain and distress are attributed to animals more regularly than cognitive or linguistic abilities. This research forms part of a broader problem concerning the understanding of a paradox of contemporary society: the excessive consumption of meat, the systematic slaughter of millions of animals, and the commercial success of agribusiness in a society that has become more sensitive toward animals. The study of the dictionary meanings of the word animal today constitutes the starting point for a historical survey of texts from Western civilization concerning animals. We depart from common discursive units, such as particular fields of knowledge, authors, works, and historical periods, in search of identifying more fundamental statements and discourses, whose force and scope enable them to exceed these fields, pass from one author to another, expand, and transcend the boundaries of time and space, of eras and places, thereby contributing to the constitution of today's complex conceptions of animality. Finally, we analyze contemporary texts from the three domains. Our theoretical premises and analytical procedures derive from Discourse Analysis as developed by Michel Pêcheux and enriched by the essential contributions of Michel Foucault. We also draw upon knowledge from two other relatively recent and original fields of historiography known as Animal History and the History of Sensibility. Our material comprises books, articles, interviews, declarations, judicial decisions, laws and bills, as well as texts published on websites and social media platforms, such as Instagram and Facebook.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Obra de ficção autoral e as fanfics: uma análise semântico-enunciativa comparativa de "Crepúsculo", "Master of the Universe" e "Cinquenta Tons de Cinza"
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Espassa, Vivian Carolina
    ;
    Machado, Carolina de Paula
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597137507131618
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1516365699526655
    In this paper, we investigate fanfiction as fictional productions situated within the context of convergence culture and technological acceleration, discussing their conception between originality and appropriation. To this end, we rely on the concept of authorship from Orlandi’s (1998) Discourse Analysis and, based on the Semantics of the Event—particularly the concept of the enunciative event—we analyze how meanings are produced through rewritings within works created by fans. We use the concepts of designation, enunciative scene, rewriting, and semantic domain of determination (DSD) to carry out a semantic-enunciative analysis of the names and designations of characters in three works: Twilight (the original work), Master of the Universe (a fanfiction based on Twilight), and Fifty Shades of Grey (a work derived from the fanfiction, later published as an original novel). The study compares the names and the physical and psychological characteristics of the protagonists across the three narratives in the rewriting process, highlighting similarities and divergences among them. As a result, we observe that fanfiction produces significant transformations in elements of the source material, creating its own meanings while still retaining traces of the original work. We conclude that, although fanfiction cannot be fully equated with independent authorial works, it does not constitute plagiarism, as it involves authentic creative processes embedded in collective cultural production practices.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Educação das relações étnico-raciais e a escola de tempo integral: uma breve reflexão
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Santos, Samanta Fonseca dos
    ;
    Mestre, Simone de Oliveira
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6597882082398090
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-8312
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8716770910312264
    This article aims to present a reflection on anti-racist practices within the context of full-time education. First, it discusses the concept of anti-racist education, seeking to understand how educational practices focused on promoting racial equality and combating racism are incorporated into teaching models that extend school hours. Next, it introduces the concept of full-time education, arguing that it goes beyond simply increasing the number of hours spent in school, and instead represents an integration of various educational times and spaces, encouraging the holistic development of the individual.The article then analyzes studies and offers a brief reflection on the possibilities for implementing anti-racist actions, teacher training, and the valuing of ethnic and racial diversity in full-time schools. It highlights the prospects for a democratic and emancipatory education that offers all participants in the educational process a real opportunity for critical learning and racial literacy.The article presents research that addresses the implementation of anti-racist measures, teacher training, curriculum reform, and the appreciation of ethnic and racial diversity in full-time educational institutions. The methodological approach is based on a critical perspective through a bibliographic review, grounded in reflections on the true purpose of these practices. Thus, it proposes strategies for the development of an education that promotes equality and social justice in the school context.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Filiados e participação de alta intensidade nos partidos brasileiros: abrindo a caixa preta
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Faeti, Filipe Vicentini
    ;
    Casalecchi, Gabriel Avila
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9759794253878555
    ;
    Ribeiro, Pedro Floriano
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6336151484882362
    This research challenges the traditional academic view that there is no internal life within Brazilian political parties. As an alternative, it proposes a more nuanced argument, focusing on party membership as a measure of social rootedness, it evaluates the amount of time party members dedicate each month to their party's organizational activities. Based on an original survey of members and leaders from the twenty-five largest and most traditional parties in Brazil’s party system, this study applies the General Incentives Model (GIM) to analyze the role of three dimensions that remain underexplored in literature: the attitudinal, the value-based, and the chronological. The findings initially show that high-intensity participation is associated with access to material resources, the valorization of collective and procedural incentives, and a sense of political influence—factors that make up its attitudinal foundation. The study also shows that values influence this pattern of engagement: members of left-wing parties are more likely to exhibit high-intensity affiliation. However, when there is a mismatch between a member’s ideological position and their party, a significant drop in activism is observed. Finally, the chronological dimension also proves to be relevant. High-intensity affiliation is more common among young adults in transitional life-cycle stages—such as entering the labor market or starting a family— and among individuals socialized in more recent democratic contexts, for whom political activism serves as a probationary stage for entering politics and advancement within the party. These findings challenge the widespread notion that Brazilian political parties function solely as electoral machines without activism. A consistent pattern of activism among party members is observed, driven by a combination of these factors. By demonstrating that grassroots activism is both significant and shaped by these factors, this dissertation contributes to repositioning the study of political parties in Brazil and advances our understanding of the dynamics that sustain—or constrain—their internal functioning.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    O uso problemático da internet e sua relação com bem-estar e inteligência emocional em diferentes gerações
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-30)
    Ferreira, Letícia Brant Sa
    ;
    Muniz, Monalisa
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716
    Problematic internet use has been discussed to understand its impact on users' mental health. This study investigated problematic internet use and its relationship with the perception of subjective well-being and emotional intelligence across generations. Participants included 165 individuals, divided into three generations: the first aged 18 to 26 (35.8%), the second aged 27 to 41 (29.1%), and the third aged 42 to 76 (35.2%). Participants completed an online form consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, followed by the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI), the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS-2), and the Subjective Well-Being Scale (EBES). Due to non-normality, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied, and when there was a significant difference, the Mann-Whitney test was used. For the correlational analyses, Spearman's nonparametric statistics were used, as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests showed that the data did not achieve normality. The data indicate that Generation Z had the highest scores for problematic internet use, as well as lower scores for well-being and emotional intelligence. In contrast, Generation X had higher scores for positive emotions and life satisfaction, as well as lower problematic internet use. The results confirm what was expected for each generation regarding the variables problematic internet use, emotional intelligence, and subjective well-being. All factors of the GPIUS-2 instrument showed a negative correlation with the "positive affect" and "life satisfaction" factors of the EBES instrument and a positive correlation with the "negative affect" factor. For the GPIUS and ICE instruments, all factors that showed a significant correlation were negative. The data obtained reinforce that in the three different generations, the constructs of well-being and emotional intelligence are affected differently by problematic internet use.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Práticas corporais de aventura na natureza e educação ambiental: uma unidade didática para o ensino médio
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-01)
    Passos, Yunã Lurie Araújo
    ;
    Lemos, Fábio Ricardo Mizuno
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720009502941255
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-5056
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6082433018691674
    Recognizing the potential of Outdoor Adventure Physical Practices (PCAN) to foster environmental awareness and contribute to the development of a critical and sustainable mindset among students, this dissertation aims to describe and analyze the planning and implementation of a didactic unit focused on PCAN. The unit was carried out with a first-year high school class at a federal public school in Caracaraí, Roraima, Brazil. Adopting a qualitative, applied research approach, the study was structured around a 14-lesson pedagogical intervention, with each session lasting 60 minutes and conducted in both school and natural environments. Data were collected through field notes recorded by the teacher-researcher and analyzed using thematic categories, allowing for reflective interpretation of the experiences. The implementation of the unit revealed stronger student bonds with the environment, growing interest in outdoor physical activities, and the emergence of cooperative and ethical behaviors in peer and territorial interactions. The activities also promoted the integration of interdisciplinary and community knowledge by connecting Physical Education with subjects such as Biology, Philosophy, and Animal Science, resulting in contextualized and meaningful learning. The experience redefined how students perceived Physical Education classes, transforming them into spaces of care, belonging, agency, and environmental reflection. It also led to improvements in the teacher-researcher’s pedagogical practices, particularly in the use of active methodologies, attentive student engagement, and the integration of body, nature, and education. The study concludes that integrating PCAN with Environmental Education in schools is an effective strategy to foster meaningful learning, engage youth, and support the development of critical and responsible attitudes toward today’s socio-environmental challenges.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Classificação de caracteres japoneses cursivos utilizando modelos de aprendizado profundo
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-01)
    Borges, Fernando
    ;
    Ramos, Thiago Rodrigo
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1634196230063965
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3130182835247681
    With recent advances in machine learning, image classification has become essential in various fields of science. In linguistics, tasks such as deciphering, transcribing, and preserving ancient documents are benefited from the application of deep learning models. The study of cursive Japanese characters, for example, involves a type of writing that differs significantly from its modern version, to the extent that only a small portion of Japanese speakers can understand it fluently. Furthermore, due to the way the Japanese syllabary has evolved throughout history, the application of deep learning methods is appropriate for the task of classifying these ancient Japanese writings, given that there are dozens of variants for each character. Thus, this work aimed to develop a classification model capable of predicting cursive Japanese characters in ancient scripts. To achieve this, four traditional classification methods - logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines and boosting - were adjusted, as well as three architectures of a deep learning method - convolutional neural networks - using datasets related to handwritten cursive characters. As a final result, the model that achieved the best performance was a convolutional neural network, with an accuracy of 92.9% in classifying the 49 classes that make up the hiragana syllabary. In addition, a U-Net model was developed to extract characters from new pages of handwritten texts. However, when applying the trained classifier to real data, the accuracy dropped to 69.1%, highlighting the challenges associated with the variability of writing styles and the presence of noise in scanned images.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Introdução à gravitação quântica de laços
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-01)
    Sousa, Luigi Teixeira de
    ;
    Schmidtt, Fernando David Marmolejo
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7431492489687677
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-8483
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1069388995865317
    In the present work, the author will introduce Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) through the quantization of General Relativity (GR) discretized on a 2-complex via the canonical (introducing operators satisfying the classical Poisson algebra) and covariant (via transition amplitudes given by path integrals) approaches resulting on the Spin Netowork and Spin Foam formalisms respectively, showing the discreteness of the spectra of area and volume and using those results to derive the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and analyse Big Bang cosmology.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Simulação da implementação de usinas fotovoltaicas no anel viário que conecta a rodovia Raposo Tavares à rodovia Engenheiro Lauri Simões de Barros, em Campina do Monte Alegre (SP)
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-02)
    Oliveira, Mariana Fernanda de
    ;
    Tiezzi, Rafael de Oliveira
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7979063304544915
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-7807
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178651619319513
    The aim of this study was to assess the potential for generating photovoltaic solar energy on the ring road that connects the Raposo Tavares highway to the Engenheiro Lauri Simões de Barros highway, located in the municipality of Campina do Monte Alegre (SP). The analysis was conducted using simulations in the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a tool widely used for technical and energy modeling of photovoltaic systems. The proposal is based on taking advantage of underused areas along the ring road, characterized by being already terraced, grassed and devoid of productive or residential use. These characteristics give these areas favorable conditions for the installation of ground-mounted photovoltaic systems, with low environmental impact and reduced need for structural interventions. The simulation considered a system made up of fixed photovoltaic modules, oriented to the north, with low to medium use of the total area available. The results indicated an estimated annual generation of 403,075 kWh, enough energy to supply approximately 222 residential units, based on average national residential consumption. The data obtained shows that the use of ring roads to install photovoltaic plants represents a viable and strategic alternative for diversifying the Brazilian energy matrix. As well as contributing to the advancement of renewable energy sources, this approach allows for the efficient use and occupation of urban land, which is often idle, without compromising agricultural or environmentally sensitive areas. In addition, the study is a pioneer in the Brazilian context, since there are no consolidated records in the national literature dealing with the implementation of photovoltaic systems on ring roads. In this sense, the work serves as a starting point for future research, which could delve into the technical, economic, environmental and regulatory aspects of the proposal. The replicability of the methodology in other regions with similar infrastructure reinforces its potential for large-scale application, contributing to the consolidation of a cleaner, more resilient and decentralized energy system in Brazil, in line with the principles of sustainability and the energy transition.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type:Item,
    Construção e validação de um guia de diretrizes clínicas para intervenção em saúde mental de profissionais de enfermagem no pós Covid-19
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-02)
    Souza, Jheynny Caldeira de
    ;
    Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648011576049252
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-5837
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2830490151580969
    To build and validate a guide with clinical guidelines for intervention in Mental Health, based on the evaluation of the profile of symptoms of mental suffering of nurses and nursing technicians from a Brazilian municipality who worked on the front line of COVID-19. Method: This is a study with multiple design, consisting of three complementary steps, which are: Step 1 - quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study with nursing professionals from a municipality in the interior of São Paulo; Step 2 - Scopping Review according to the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), for the construction of a guide with clinical guidelines for intervention in Mental Health of nurses and nursing technicians; Step 3 - construction and validation of a guide with clinical guidelines for intervention in Mental Health of nurses and nursing technicians. Results: The results of the quantitative stage showed an association between mental distress and workload, sex, use of non-prescription medication and also, presence of nurses with a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms than nursing technicians. Through the scoping review it was possible to identify strategies to promote mental health, which included: the strengthening of interpersonal relationships, encouraging the search for specialized support, carrying out actions promoting subjective well-being and encouraging the adoption of healthy habits such as balanced eating, adequate sleep, rest and regular practice of physical activity. Based on these results, the Integrated Guide to Mental Health Care for Nursing Professionals was built. The validation of the content of the guide was carried out by 08 expert judges, through the Content Validity Index (IVC), reaching a global CVI of 0.97, which indicates a high degree of agreement between the judges. Conclusion: It is expected that these results can serve as a subsidy for new investigations, as well as the instrument is implemented by management in support of the mental health of health workers, because just as it is important to recognize the need for mental health improvement, it is necessary to intervene in the factors that compromise it.