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Aplicação da RMNq na química forense: análise de canabinoides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Santos, Ana Caroline Rangel dos
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Venâncio, Tiago
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lattes.cnpq.br/4438399441102990
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8941720622898796
The consumption and trafficking of illicit drugs represent major challenges for contemporary society, with direct impacts on public health, security, and the judicial system. Substances such as cannabinoids and cocaine are often adulterated to increase volume and enhance psychoactive effects, which not only raises their toxicity but also complicates their proper identification in forensic analyses. In this context, Forensic Chemistry plays a crucial role in the identification and quantification of these substances, providing technical and scientific support for legal actions and public health strategies. Among the available analytical techniques, Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR) stands out for enabling absolute quantification of compounds without the need for external standards identical to the analyte, in addition to distinguishing similar chemical structures and detecting adulterants with high precision. This study aims to investigate the application of qNMR in forensic drug analysis, with an emphasis on cannabinoids, discussing its advantages and limitations in comparison to other methodologies, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Studies demonstrating the effectiveness of qNMR in determining purity and identifying illicit compounds are also presented, contributing to the development of more robust and reliable methods in forensic chemistry.
Lideranças distribuídas e clima escolar em duas escolas do Programa Ensino Integral do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Yamazato, Marcelo Oda
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Moro, Adriano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0040695888742470
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Nascente, Renata Maria Moschen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742955383665134
Understanding the growing relevance and social demands for full-time education and the need to prevent indiscipline and violence in schools, in addition to improving relationships and coexistence between the different agents that make up the school, this investigation had as its theme the school climate and leadership in two schools of the Full-Time Education Program of the State of São Paulo. Our research question was: how are the school climate and distributed leadership related in the studied schools? Our research hypothesis is that a positive perception of the school climate and the presence of distributed leadership can facilitate democratic experiences in schools. The general objective was to understand how the school climate and leadership are characterized and configured in schools, to explore the perceptions and relationships between the phenomena. To this end, a mixed-methods research was conducted with the following procedures: participant observation, application of questionnaires, feedback meetings and semi-structured interviews. In this way, we measured the school climate in both schools, identified the leaders distributed in their various segments and discussed with the schools the results regarding the school climate and distributed leadership. We observed that both schools had a positive school climate in the eight dimensions of climate; furthermore, although leadership references were concentrated in hierarchically superior positions, there were structures, guidelines and practices for the distribution of leadership. We understand that a positive perception of the school climate and the presence of distributed leadership facilitated democratic experiences in schools by generating reference points for action and social organization related to the dimensions of holistic democracy.
As percepções de jovens universitários sobre o sexting e o compartilhamento não consentido de fotos íntimas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Silva, Maria Antônia da Costa Pereira
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Brino, Rachel de Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9989311331601264
Beyond accelerating communication, technology has promoted new forms of relationships that now occur and develop in the online environment. In this context, practices such as sexting and the non-consensual sharing of intimate photos have emerged. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze university students’ perceptions of sexting and the non-consensual exposure of intimate photos. Five university students of both genders, aged between 20 and 24, participated in the study. Data were collected through a registration form and a semi-structured interview guide. Data analysis followed Bardin’s (2016) proposal, adopting a structured qualitative approach. The results indicated that the term sexting is not widely known, although participants recognized that the non-consensual sharing of intimate photos is harmful, especially to women. Furthermore, other forms of online violence were identified in the participants’ accounts. Strategies such as open dialogue and the strengthening of support networks involving family, schools, and health services proved effective for the prevention and protection of victims.
Princípios do planejamento de experimentos (doe) no contexto de analytical quality by design
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Fávero, Matheus Almeida
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
The pharmaceutical industry has increasingly prioritized quality in product development, not only at the time of launch but throughout the entire drug lifecycle, with a greater focus on treatment efficacy and patient safety. To meet the growing and urgent demands of society, it is necessary to implement a system that enables agile improvements with minimal obstacles. Quality by Design (QbD), addressed in this work, is a tool that allows the pharmaceutical industry to respond effectively to evolving healthcare needs. With the emergence and the reformulation of products, an effective model for both manufacturing and analytical development is essential to ensure greater reliability during regulatory approval. Design of Experiments (DoE) has shown high viability as a statistical tool to optimize processes and enable robust and efficient industrial production. Given the wide range of QbD applications, specific subcategories have emerged, with AQbD (Analytical Quality by Design) being the approach focused on applying this framework to analytical development. This work aims to present the application of DoE within the QbD framework, highlighting its applications and approaches in drug development in order to maintain high quality standards, while increasing efficiency and reducing resource consumption.
Inocência ferida: uma investigação acerca das violências que incidem sobre os corpos de bebês e crianças pequenas nas creches
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Soares, Tainá de Melo
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-864X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1168894567413133
This final undergraduate research project aims to address the complex issue of violence directed at the vulnerable bodies of infants and young children in daycare centers, its types and forms od manifestation, as well as the factors that contribute to its acceptance, normalization, and, in some cases, even encouragement in educational routines. The study was motivated by experiences and observations during academic training in Pedagogy, particularly in early childhood education internships, where punitive, negligent, and authoritarian practices were identified and often legitimized as educational strategies. A qualitative, bibliographic approach was adopted, based by authors who discuss discipline, power, and symbolic violence in school institutions. The theoretical framework included books, scientific articles, and official documents that guide early childhood education in Brazil. The results highlight the presence of subtle and everyday forms of violence in daycare centers, such as shouting, punishment, exclusion from play, negligence, and disregard for children's emotional and expressive needs. Such practices, often legitimized by authoritarian pedagogical discourses and the burden of teaching work, represent forms of disciplining that harm childhood and reproduce control structures. Furthermore, the findings also point to adult-centric culture, the physical and organizational structures of institutions, and the persistence of historically rooted violent practices as justifications for the violence committed in daycare centers. It is concluded that overcoming this scenario demands public policies that value critical teacher training, institutional environments that are welcoming and sensitive to the uniqueness of young children, as well as the urgent deconstruction of violent discourses that validate and naturalize power and discipline relations. The study reaffirms the importance of building pedagogical practices based on active listening, respect for childhood, and overcoming adult-centrism as possible paths toward truly humanized early childhood education.
A hialotecnia e o vidro no contexto científico: conceitos e aplicações para a pesquisa em química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Gonçalves, Laura do Reis
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6089542467333349
Hyalotechnics, defined as the art and technique of shaping glass, is a consolidated practice in the production, adaptation, and repair of scientific glassware, playing a fundamental role in chemical research. Its historical development parallels that of glass itself, evolving from ancient craftsmanship to a specialized technical activity within universities and research institutions. With the advancement of Chemistry, the demand for precise and adaptable instruments made hyalotechnics a tool to enable safe and efficient experimentation. This study presents a descriptive and contextualized analysis of hyalotechnics, emphasizing its practical applications in academic and research laboratory environments. The work also aims to highlight the role and technical expertise of the hyalotechnician, the professional responsible for the fabrication, modification, and maintenance of laboratory glassware. The methodology involved a comprehensive literature review combined with a case study conducted in the hyalotechnics workshop of the Department of Chemistry at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), where the stages of manufacturing and repairing laboratory equipment were systematically observed and documented. The study demonstrates that hyalotechnics transcends the notion of auxiliary technical support. It contributes significantly to the continuity of research, cost-effectiveness, and the development of customized scientific instruments not readily available on the market. Despite its relevance, the field still faces a lack of formal training programs and institutional visibility in Brazil. Promoting the recognition of hyalotechnics is, therefore, essential to strengthening the experimental foundations of scientific practice.
A perspectiva socioemocional da transição das crianças da Educação Infantil para o 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Machado, Rebeca
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-864X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9701472432489671
This thesis aims to investigate the role of pedagogues in the socio-emotional dimension of children's transition from Early Childhood Education to the 1st year of Elementary School. Recognizing that this transition represents a significant change in children's educational trajectories, the study seeks to understand how this socio-emotional dimension manifests in children aged 5 and 6, how pedagogues have prepared themselves to support this process, and how Brazilian educational legislation and guiding documents—especially the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC)—provide orientation for such a transition. The research adopts a qualitative, exploratory approach and involves bibliographic analysis and interviews with two pedagogical teachers who worked with Pré-escola II classes in municipal schools in Sorocaba in 2024. It is expected that the findings will contribute to expanding the debate on pedagogical practices that promote emotional well-being and a welcoming environment for children at the beginning of Elementary School.
Processamento de linguagem natural aplicado à análise de sentimentos em opiniões de usuários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-03)
Santana, Tayná Ferreira
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Cerqueira, Andressa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1934493281651316
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6739828024166505
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of artificial intelligence that enables interaction between computers and human natural language, whether through audio or text. It is considered a significant and current technological advancement. With the availability of large datasets, there is a growing need to use machine learning to process text and enable systems to understand the sentiments expressed by the author. Through sentiment analysis techniques, these expressions are classified into positive or negative opi- nions. However, this is not an easy task, given the challenges such as different languages, sarcasm, ambiguity, the use of slang and expressions, as well as varying cultural contexts. Therefore, this work focuses on applying sentiment analysis to user opinions about beauty products, using machine learning models for text classification and interpretation.
Efeitos do behavior skills training em professores para implementação de tentativas discretas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Batista, Suellen dos Santos
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Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-697X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2240448126313831
School inclusion is a complex social process that requires the training of education professionals. The Behavior Skills Training (BST) procedure has been used for skill training and the implementation of Discrete Trial Training (DTT) to promote skill acquisition. Considering that reading skills are fundamental repertoires to be developed in students, and that general education teachers must plan teaching conditions that promote the inclusion of students in special education target groups (PAEE), two studies were conducted. Study 1 aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on the use of BST to train professionals, caregivers, parents, and teachers in the implementation of DTT, seeking to identify the contexts in which this strategy has been applied and whether teacher training for academic skill instruction in school settings has been the focus of research. Searches were conducted in four databases using four keyword combinations, with no publication date restriction. Data were analyzed based on six categories: a) number/type of participants; b) number of participants who completed training; c) design and training procedure; d) DTT components trained; e) characteristics of BST implementation; and f) target behavior. Nine studies were selected for analysis. Most studies focused on training parents of children with developmental delays and professionals, primarily targeting motor imitation and instructional following repertoires. Four studies were related to the school context: one targeted writing and counting behaviors; one worked with special education teachers; and two were conducted in special education schools. The literature review indicated a lack of studies that have integratively investigated the use of BST to train teachers to teach academic skills in school settings. Study 2 aimed to evaluate the effects of BST on training three teachers from 1st and 2nd grade elementary school classrooms to implement three instructional programs—preference assessment, textual behavior, and dictated word-to-written word matching—using DTT. A multiple-probe across participants design was used to assess the effects of BST (independent variable) on teachers’ abilities to implement instructional programs using DTT (dependent variable). Data collection was conducted in eight phases: 1) participant recruitment; 2) participant interviews; 3) initial probe; 4) baseline; 5) BST training (instruction, video modeling, role-play, and feedback); 6) final probe; 7) maintenance probe; and 8) social validity assessment. Results showed that the BST intervention package was effective in teaching relevant skills related to preference assessment, textual behavior, and dictated-to-written word matching. It is concluded that BST is a procedure that can support teacher training, highlighting the importance of investing in research that investigates relevant variables in the continuing education of professionals in the field of education.
Desenvolvimento de semicondutores à base de Nióbio para ativação fotoassistida de Peroximonossulfato para fotodegradação do Ácido Cafeico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Bolson, Matheus
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Nogueira, Francisco Guilherme Esteves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8117497993539795
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0342
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8117497993539795
The presence of phenolic compounds in agro-industrial effluents poses a significant environmental challenge due to their low biodegradability, phytotoxicity, and contribution to the chemical oxygen demand (COD). Caffeic acid, one of the main representatives of this class, was employed in this study as a model compound for the evaluation of remediation processes. In this context, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), particularly heterogeneous photocatalysis, have emerged as promising alternatives. Accordingly, this work aimed to develop and characterize Nb₂O₅-based semiconductors synthesized via the peroxo-oxidant method (OPM) and subjected to different calcination temperatures (200 °C and 400 °C), targeting their application in the photodegradation of caffeic acid through photoassisted activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light irradiation. The materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Raman Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analyses (TG/DSC), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), and specific surface area measurements (SBET), highlighting the impact of thermal treatment on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the materials. Photocatalytic tests revealed that the sample calcined at 200 °C exhibited superior performance, achieving over 90% degradation of caffeic acid within 5 minutes, along with good stability and reusability. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydroxyl radicals (•OH), was confirmed by EPR, emphasizing the role of PMS activation in the process efficiency. Overall, the results underscore the potential of Nb₂O₅ as a sustainable photocatalyst, offering advantages such as chemical stability, the absence of noble metals, and reusability, thereby contributing to the development of wastewater treatment technologies aligned with the principles of green chemistry and the use of abundant resources in Brazil.
Caracterização da dor e percepção dos cuidados em saúde em mulheres pretas e pardas brasileiras: estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Santos, Isabella Baptista dos
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Souza, Marina Almeida de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3706513261355249
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https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7962-8771
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Driusso, Patricia
Introduction: Pain can be considered an indicator of suffering, signaling potential damage or injury to the human body, whether temporary or long-lasting. It encompasses acute discomfort, which acts as a warning mechanism, and chronic discomfort, which persists for long periods, often leading to irreversible consequences. Pain can result from biological and/or psychosocial factors, with chronic pain having detrimental effects on functionality and quality of life. Black and brown women in Brazil have socioeconomic vulnerabilities, which can exacerbate their pain experiences. Objective: This study aimed to determine the occurrence, location, and intensity of pain in Black and brown Brazilian women. Methods: This was a national, observational, cross-sectional study of Black and brown Brazilian women over the age of 18, using validated online questionnaires adapted to the Brazilian population, namely the Numerical Pain Scale (NPS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Data analysis: The data obtained were analyzed using Jamovi – Data Analysis Software. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize the study participants using means, standard deviations, and percentages. Results: According to the IBD, the highest prevalence of pain among the women in this study was in the head (59.3%), neck (36.6%), and thoracic spine (27.1%). The mean pain interference score was 2.4 (SD ± 2.1), the interference/impact score was 2.8 (SD ± 2.5), and the total score was 2.6 (SD ± 2.3). Regarding health care, 23.7% did not seek care for pain, and 43.7% reported that professionals only partially understood their complaints. Conclusion: The findings of this study reinforce the importance of strategies that promote equity in care, focusing on an intersectional approach and combating institutional racism, contributing to advances in health care for Black women in Brazil
Problematizações sobre o movimento da criança na Educação Infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Pereira, Bruna Fernanda
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-864X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4711442681451981
The present study aimed to problematize which institutional and pedagogical factors may contribute to the restriction of children's movement in Early Childhood Education, which may have consequences for their overall development, and understand the importance of playful movements and corporeality for children. To this end, a qualitative, bibliographical and exploratory research was carried out, reflecting on the experiences lived by the author during her supervised internship in Early Childhood Education. The study explores, based on Bourdieu's theoretical contributions, especially the concept of habitus, how the school, as a social institution, acts to regulate children's movements, shaping them socially. It also discusses how school culture restricts play and movement in its practices and experiences, contradicting the principles of Brazilian educational legislation, which recognizes playful movement as the main activity of children in Early Childhood Education for their development and learning in early childhood. The work seeks to emphasize the importance of movement in pedagogical practices, valuing children's bodily manifestations as language, learning and development throughout Early Childhood Education.
Desafios na caracterização física e quantificação de microplásticos em amostras ambientais: técnicas de imageamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Santos, Thalia Roberta Aquino dos
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Urban, Roberta Cerasi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7313670290572985
This work aims to discuss the challenges in the physical characterization and quantification of microplastics in environmental samples, with an emphasis on quantitative imaging techniques. Methodologies such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are addressed, along with the use of specialized software like ImageJ — with the MP-VAT plug-in — and MATLAB, applied to image analysis. The work also explores the use of fluorescent dyes, such as Nile Red, and the integration of computational tools, like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the Deep Pixel Embedding technique, in the context of automated particle quantification. Based on a literature review and practical application in samples collected from both indoor and outdoor environments, the performance of the tools used was evaluated, highlighting the importance of standardizing analytical protocols. The results indicate that the choice of imaging and processing methods directly influences the reliability of the analyses, making it essential to define critical steps that enable data reproducibility and accuracy.
Uma experiência de extensão: discurso, poesia e imagem, A Cidade Biodiversa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Macedo, Débora Juliana Rodrigues de
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Lopes, Luciano Elsinor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6504793265492545
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-8972
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Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Varoni de
This undergraduate thesis presents a critical and sensitive reflection on the relationship between urban biodiversity, art, and environmental education, through the design, implementation, and analysis of the ACIEPE (Integrated Activity of Teaching, Research, and Extension) titled “Cidade Bio Diversa,” developed within the scope of the citizen science project “Biofuturo na Cidade” at UFSCar. The proposal emerged from the desire to conclude the undergraduate journey by integrating teaching, research, and extension in alignment with questions about how we relate to biodiversity and how new connections between people and urban environments can be created. Guided by a transdisciplinary and decolonial perspective, the ACIEPE was designed as an extension discipline that employed artistic languages — haiku, photography, collage, and theater — as tools to provoke both epistemic and affective displacements in how we perceive and inhabit the city. The theoretical framework draws from authors such as Ailton Krenak, Geni Núñez, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, and Suely Rolnik, engaging with concepts such as the coloniality of knowledge, regimes of visibility, and art as a device of resistance. The methodology prioritized collaborative and horizontal construction of the pedagogical space, embracing participant diversity and promoting active listening, collective creation, and critical reflection. The analysis of the ACIEPE experience revealed the potential of artistic practices as educational tools capable of re-enchanting the everyday and reconfiguring discourses around urban biodiversity. Through artistic expressions, participants were able to share personal experiences and memories, activating affective sensibilities often suppressed by urban rationality. The interdisciplinary articulation of art, science, and politics fostered new ways of seeing, feeling, and narrating the world, contributing to the development of an ecological consciousness. More than an academic endeavor, the ACIEPE functioned as a transformative and collective experience, aimed at cultivating future imaginaries rooted in diversity, affection, and sustainability through care, creativity, and shared knowledge. This study argues that art, in dialogue with citizen science, can serve as an epistemic force in reimagining relationships between humans and non-humans in contemporary urban contexts.
Avaliação de métodos de construção de grafos para classificação no aprendizado semi-supervisionado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Porto, Artur Formigoni
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Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830
Semi-supervised learning has gained relevance in classification tasks where only a fraction of the samples are labeled. In this context, graph-based methods have proven effective by leveraging the similarity structure among data points. This work investigates the impact of different graph construction strategies on the performance of label propagation, comparing four approaches: kNN (baseline), RGCLI, KAOG, and SNGC. The methods were evaluated on five datasets with varying proportions of labeled data and parameter settings. Results show that although the kNN method — which does not use supervision — achieved competitive performance in most scenarios, RGCLI stood out among the supervised methods, combining robustness with good generalization. It was also observed that the performance of the methods varies according to the complexity and structure of the datasets, with SNGC being more effective on high-dimensional data, and KAOG limited by its low connectivity. The statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between the methods across all evaluated metrics. These findings reinforce the importance of considering both data characteristics and graph construction strategies when choosing semi-supervised learning techniques.
Biomarcadores no fígado de girinos de rã-touro (Aquarana catesbeiana, Shaw, 1802): Efeitos da exposição ao microplástico de polietileno e nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio isolados e conjugados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Santos, Camila Sena dos
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Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7233550271936621
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-5239
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9526475869478486
Microplastics and titanium dioxide nanoparticles are emerging pollutants that have negatively impacted several species of living beings through their toxic effects on organs, development, and performance. One group of vertebrates that has received little attention on this issue is amphibians, which are characterized by excellent bioindicators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate glucose, triglyceride, and protein levels after chronic exposure to polyethylene microplastics and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the livers of bullfrog tadpoles. The tadpoles were exposed for 21 days to polyethylene microplastics (PE MP group, 60 mg/L), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP group, 10 µg/L), and the combination of both compounds (MP+NP group). The data obtained generally revealed no significant differences in the concentrations of the biochemical components analyzed, suggesting these animals' adaptability to the adverse conditions to which they were subjected. Studies like this can serve as a basis for understanding the toxic effects on these animals, such as biomonitoring, which highlights the relevance of such results not only for the group of organisms analyzed, amphibians, but also for studies on the impact of such contaminants on other groups of living beings.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes biodegradáveis de blendas de TPS/PVOH reforçados com derivados de arroz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Emanuelle, Delgado
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Nicolino, Marcos
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Backes, Eduardo Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6407713491620749
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3473121009226703
Synthetic polymeric materials derived from non-renewable sources have a significant environmental impact, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Thermoplastic starch (TPS), derived from renewable sources, appears to be a promising option; however, its mechanical and moisture barrier properties have limitations. To overcome these limitations and optimize the properties of starch films, plasticizers and organic reinforcing agents, such as those derived from rice, can be added. These materials are silica-rich industrial waste generated during the rice processing process and have shown great potential for improving the properties of composites. Therefore, this work investigates the extrusion and characterization of biodegradable films made from TPS/PVOH blends reinforced with rice byproducts such as rice hulls (RH) and carbonized rice hulls (CHR). For this purpose, a TPS/PVOH blend plasticized with glycerol was produced, incorporating different mass contents of CA and CCA (5%, 10%, and 20%) as reinforcing agents. The films were obtained by extrusion and characterized by DSC, TGA, SEM, FTIR, and tensile testing, in addition to water absorption and solubility analyses. The composites with 10% CA and 10% CCA showed lower water absorption, indicating greater moisture resistance, while formulations with 5% CA, 20% CA, and 5% CCA demonstrated greater absorption. Water degradation followed similar trends, with emphasis on the composites with 5% CA and 10% CA. Thermal analyses showed that increasing the filler had little influence on the crystallinity (DSC) and thermal stability (TGA) of the composites. FTIR indicated predominantly physical interactions between the matrix and filler. Mechanical tests revealed higher tensile strength for composites with 5% and 10% CA, a result corroborated by SEM analyses. The TPS/PVOH/10% CA formulation presented the best overall performance, with improved physical, thermal, and mechanical properties, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable alternative for partial replacement of conventional polymers.
Relação professor-aluno: os efeitos da afetividade na aprendizagem dos alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Silva, Julia Costa
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Souza, Ana Paula Gestoso de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2662760426985944
This qualitative, literature-based research aimed to identify and analyze what academic publications from 2015 to 2025 reveal about the effects of the teacher-student relationship on the learning process in the early years of elementary education. Three scientific articles available in the CAPES and SciELO databases were selected based on thematic and temporal criteria. The analysis was guided by the theoretical contributions of Henri Wallon, Lev Vygotsky, and Paulo Freire, who recognize affectivity as a fundamental dimension of education. The findings indicate that positive affective bonds between teachers and students foster not only student engagement and motivation, but also improvements in classroom behavior and academic performance. The analyzed studies emphasize that active listening, mutual respect, and the recognition of the student as a subject contribute to building a more meaningful school environment, where learning is closely linked to emotional and social development. Furthermore, the presence of humanized relationships in school supports the development of cognitive, emotional, and social skills, highlighting the importance of empathetic and sensitive pedagogical mediation. The research also identified a significant limitation: the scarcity of studies directly addressing the teacher-student relationship in the early years of elementary school, particularly in the Brazilian context. This gap points to the need for further research aimed at deepening the understanding of this topic and proposing strategies to strengthen such relationships. It is concluded that affective bonds in school should be understood as a fundamental pillar for promoting a more welcoming, critical, and transformative education, committed to the holistic development of children.
Entendida, sapatão, lésbica: trajetórias de lésbicas 50+ em metrópoles do sudeste brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Moreno, Carolina Serrati
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Risk, Eduardo Name
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9006559297031800
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-2597
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8406069129648155
The life trajectories of middle-aged and elderly lesbians present continuities in relation to the generation that preceded them and discontinuities/ruptures due to different social and historical conditions. Each generation of these women contains specific markers regarding discovery, visibility, and ways of experiencing sexuality. This study aims to understand the life trajectory of lesbians over 50 years old - adults and elderly women with life experience in metropolitan areas of the Southeast. This is qualitative research with a cross-sectional design using the life history technique. Seven women were interviewed who identified as lesbian women, from two age groups: (a) 50 to 55 years old and (b) 70 to 75 years old, consisting of 4 elderly and 3 adult women. The following instruments were applied: Sociodemographic questionnaire, Brazil Economic Classification Criteria (ABEP), Thematic guide - life history, and Analysis of photographs selected by the participants themselves as representative of their life trajectory. Data collection was conducted through in-person or remote interview sessions, with 2 to 4 meetings held with each participant. Participants were instructed to speak freely based on guiding questions about their life context and development throughout childhood, youth, maturity, and old age. The interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's Reflexive Thematic Analysis framework, and 11 main themes were identified: (1) historical context and changes; (2) family influence; (3) romantic and sexual relationships with men as lesbians; (4) experiencing lesbophobic violence; (5) forms of freedom; (6) coming out of the closet; (7) sociability and support during life; (8) relating romantically and sexually with women; (9) mothering; (10) aging; and (11) lesbianities from lesbians. It was concluded that the life trajectories of lesbian women over 50 years old present generational continuities related to the importance of family relationships and religious influence, while discontinuities are manifested mainly in the ways of experiencing lesbianism, influenced by the historical context of each generation. The findings contribute to understanding the specificities of lesbian aging in the Brazilian context.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de nanocompósitos de Kefiran/Carboximetilcelulose/ZnO Nps para aplicações em embalagens de alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-04)
Marques, Gleison Neres
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7642930001637723
Polysaccharides are polymers derived from natural and renewable sources, which can be utilized in various applications, including the packaging industry. Kefiran is one of these polymers that has gained prominence recently due to its antimicrobial properties. Several studies have sought to combine the intrinsic properties of kefiran with other biopolymers and oxide nanoparticles as an effective alternative for producing active food packaging. In this context, the present study investigates, in detail, the development of films and edible coatings based on kefiran, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for food packaging applications. Kefiran was extracted and purified from kefir grains, and its purity and structural features were confirmed by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For the first time, kefiran exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, achieving eradication at 512 mg/L (p < 0.001). At the same time, ZnO NPs were synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and showed high crystallinity and distinct morphologies. These nanoparticles exhibited selective bactericidal activity against Gram-positive multidrug-resistant bacteria, primarily due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radicals. Statistical analyses demonstrated that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 256 and 512 mg/mL were effective in bacterial inhibition, highlighting the potential of ZnO NPs for functionalization in bio-based packaging systems. Subsequently, nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating ZnO NPs into the kefiran/CMC matrix at different concentrations (5, 10, and 25% w/w), and their physicochemical, mechanical, structural, and functional properties were thoroughly evaluated. Characterization techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, revealed significant morphological, structural, and optical changes resulting from the incorporation of ZnO NPs. The nanocomposites exhibited improved mechanical strength, UV-blocking capacity, and water vapor barrier properties. Additionally, the films demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, indicating their suitability for active food packaging applications.