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Inteligência artificial para previsão de variáveis de processos termomecânicos via elementos finitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Andrade, Beatriz Pomponio de; Stoco, Caroline Binde; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2458026380104524; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6856-7519; Otani, Lucas Barcelos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2519980413159984; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-2335
Metal extrusion is widely used in the manufacturing of components with complex geometries and high mechanical performance requirements. However, predicting critical process variables - such as maximum load and stress triaxiality - through Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations, like those performed using QForm UK, involves high computational costs and limited generalization to new alloys. To address these challenges, this study proposes the use of machine learning algorithms as an alternative to predict such variables from the chemical composition of metallic alloys. Simulations were carried out using aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and stainless steel (Fe) alloys under fixed process conditions. The extracted outputs were maximum load and maximum triaxiality, while the input variables were physicochemical descriptors derived from the chemical compositions, such as atomic mass, atomic radius, and electronegativity. These features were used to train three supervised regression models: Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR). The models’ hyperparameters were automatically optimized using the Optuna library, which applies a Bayesian search strategy more efficient than traditional methods like grid search. The GBR model achieved the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in predicting load, particularly for copper alloys, although it struggled more with nickel and aluminum. For triaxiality, all models showed limited performance, with errors comparable to the variable’s natural variability. The results confirm the feasibility of integrating FEM simulations with artificial intelligence for load prediction in extrusion processes, while also highlighting the challenges in modeling stress triaxiality.
Identificação de falhas em uma indústria sucroalcooleira por meio de manutenção centrada em confiabilidade e análise de modos e efeitos de falha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Coelho, Rafael Scatena; Paziani, Fabricio Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204448761802712
The sugar and ethanol industry is a sector that demands high equipment reliability and availability, essential factors to ensure continuous, efficient, and profitable production. However, this industry constantly faces challenges related to high maintenance costs and the risk of failures, which can lead to unexpected shutdowns and financial losses. Therefore, increasing asset reliability to reduce maintenance costs becomes crucial. This study applied the principles of Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) to a piece of equipment in a sugar and ethanol plant. RCM is a strategic approach aimed at optimizing maintenance by considering asset reliability and managing the risks associated with failures. To achieve this, the FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) tool was used to identify, classify, and prioritize failures. Based on this analysis, preventive and predictive maintenance plans were developed for the analyzed equipment. The goal was to improve risk and failure control by identifying root causes and increasing equipment availability. In the long term, the objective is to significantly reduce unplanned downtime during the harvest period and extend the useful life of the equipment. This work aimed to demonstrate the importance of applying these concepts to avoid subjective failure analysis. In doing so, it sought to assess the feasibility of applying this methodology to other sectors and equipment within the industry, ensuring greater reliability throughout the production process.
A indústria de semicondutores: estratégias, inovações e tensões geopolíticas na era digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Dias, João Pedro Pinto; Chiquito, Adenilson José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-4820; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7282715016038275; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7534-3555
The semiconductor industry, since the invention of the transistor in the United States in 1947, has evolved to become one of the central pillars of the contemporary global economy and geopolitics. This study analyzes how historical factors uch as the Cold War and the space race drove technological advancement and the mass production of semiconductors, highlighting the role of Silicon Valley and pioneering companies like Fairchild, Texas Instruments, and Intel, as well as he revolution brought about by photolithography. The work explores the Asian ascent, initiated by Japan and consolidated through strategic policies in South Korea and Taiwan, culminating in the global leadership of TSMC, which, under the vision of Morris Chang and the "pure-play foundry"model, transformed Taiwan into the epicenter of advanced chip manufacturing, responsible for over 60% of global production and 90% of cutting-edge semiconductors. The analysis details the complex supply chain, marked by U.S. leadership in design, Asian dominance in manufacturing, and European supply of EUV machines—critical equipment for the most modern chip generations—and discusses how this interdependence underpins Taiwan’s "Silicon Shield,"granting it a strategic role in global geopolitics. Finally, the study addresses the vulnerabilities and tensions arising from the concentration of production in Taiwan, especially in the face of U.S.-China rivalry, demonstrating that control over semiconductors is now a determining factor for the balance of power in the 21st century.
Análise exploratória de práticas de ESG do setor privado com potencial de fomento ao programa município VerdeAzul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Biasin, Vinícius Tramontina; Rotta, Cláudia Marisse dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142167187580488
The accelerated growth of urban centers and the resulting socio-environmental impacts have intensified the debate on effective monitoring metrics that could contribute to the promotion of sustainable development. In this scenario, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), proposed by the UN in 2015, guide public policies at various scales, influencing local initiatives such as the Programa Município VerdeAzul (PMVA), created by the Secretaria de Meio Ambiente, Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo (SEMIL). The PMVA proposes an evaluation structure based on technical guidelines that aim to stimulate municipal environmental management based on criteria such as governance, environmental education, solid waste, air quality, among others. However, for municipalities to perform well in the program, it is necessary to overcome challenges such as the scarcity of financial and technical resources. In this context, partnerships with the second sector emerge as strategic alternatives, promoting collaborative actions that align public and private interests. In this context, this work identifies, from the the Merco (Corporate Reputation Business Monitor) ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) Responsibility Ranking, initiatives of leading companies in sustainability and analyzes how these actions can be adapted and replicated to strengthen the performance of municipalities in the PMVA guidelines. Based on the analysis of sustainability reports, practices with strong potential for local impact were identified, reinforcing the importance of public-private partnerships as an instrument to accelerate the green transition and achieve environmental and social goals in an integrated manner.
Estado da arte de scaffolds de TPU
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Sobczak, Rafael dos Reis; Marini, Juliano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4533610255047654
Due to their biocompatibility, bioresorbability, mechanical properties, and versatility in shaping, thermoplastic polyurethanes appear to be remarkable candidates for scaffold applications. In this context, this undergraduate thesis explores this polymer in depth, from the formation of the urethane group through the reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups, to the polymerization of polyurethane, which may occur in one or two steps, and how its biphasic morphology of hard and soft domains primarily governs its mechanical properties. Furthermore, it defines the purpose of scaffolds, which is to mimic the extracellular matrix in order to promote the regeneration of damaged tissues. To achieve this, scaffolds must be biocompatible, biodegradable at rates compatible with the target tissue, and must also possess suitable mechanical properties and architecture. The latter is defined by the scaffold’s conformation, which involves many techniques and can be categorized into methods using porogenic agents, additive manufacturing, and fiber-based techniques. Thermoplastic polyurethane can be bioresorbable when the correct raw materials are used, degrading mainly through hydrolysis and generating non-toxic byproducts. Its mechanical properties are shown to be very similar to those of soft tissues. Thus, its main applications are in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous tissue engineering. As a synthetic scaffold material, studies are being conducted to improve cell adhesion, for instance, through the use of peptides. Another research direction aims to make this polymer conductive, by incorporating conductive fillers or mechanically blending it with conductive polymers. Finally, this work also highlights gaps in the literature, such as the use of this material for cartilage regeneration, which remains poorly documented.
Prospecção e avaliação de viabilidade de três ligas de aço inoxidável para aplicação em componentes de sistemas hidrelétricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Furlan, Felipe Rosa; Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
The hydroelectric sector stands as the main source of energy generation in Brazil, accounting for approximately 60% of the installed capacity. However, many plants have been operating for decades, accumulating wear-related damage and increasing maintenance costs—one of the sector's main challenges. In this context, this study evaluates the feasibility of replacing martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 with austenitic alloys AISI 201LN and AISI 304 in components of hydroelectric systems subjected to wear. Microstructural characterization, Brinell hardness testing, micro-adhesive wear tests (ball crater), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the worn surfaces were conducted. All alloys exhibited hardness values above 200 HB, meeting the minimum requirement for applications involving self-lubricating composite materials. The results showed that the austenitic steels, particularly AISI 201LN, presented lower wear rates compared to AISI 420, despite similar hardness levels. This improved performance is attributed to greater work hardening capability and strain-induced phase transformation, associated with low stacking fault energy (SFE). The analysis of Carbon Equivalent (CE) also revealed an inverse correlation with wear rate. Despite the promising results, further testing under real operating conditions, especially involving contact with self-lubricating composites, is recommended. The study concludes that material substitution is technically feasible, with potential benefits in cost reduction and increased durability.
Repercussões ocupacionais vivenciadas por familiares de pacientes hospitalizados na fase aguda por acidente vascular cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Momisso, Júlia; Bombarda, Tatiana Barbieri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8070700589653226; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2159452921952897; Nascimento, Janaína; Carrijo, Débora Couto de Melo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3091089355371921; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9096851520328385
In Brazil, stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident – CVA) is responsible for high hospitalization costs and for impairments that significantly impact the quality of life of both patients and their families. The experience of caring for an ill relative often results in caregiver burden, leading to deprivations and changes in family dynamics. Therefore, the family caregiver must also be the focus of care, especially because, in the condition of an informal caregiver, they face physical, emotional, and occupational challenges during the hospitalization process and the transition of care to the home setting. This study aimed to identify the occupational repercussions experienced by family caregivers during the hospitalization of patients affected by their first stroke. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional multiple case study. The inclusion criterion was being an informal caregiver of a patient hospitalized due to a first-time stroke. Data were collected at an Acute Vascular Reference Unit (URVA) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, through a structured questionnaire administered to the family caregiver, followed by analysis of clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively with the support of simple statistical analysis. Six family members participated in the study, all women, with a mean age of 44 years and first-degree kinship. The results indicated the presence of negative occupational changes for all participants, especially in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), rest and sleep, work, and personal care. The caregivers attributed great importance to the affected occupations and reported difficulties in managing both in-hospital and out-of-hospital routines. It is concluded that the acute phase of stroke already represents a stage that promotes occupational repercussions in the caregiver’s life, with particularities such as emotional instability due to uncertainties regarding the clinical condition and future prospects, experienced alongside the process of becoming a caregiver. These findings underscore the importance of including the family member in care planning, as well as the relevance of the occupational therapist as part of neurological hospital care teams.
Indicadores de qualidade da educação? Avaliação das escolas de São Carlos para além dos indicadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Niemeyer, Igor Douglas Rocha; Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4959415951523044; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9357-208X
This study aims to understand what defines a quality school from the perspective of school principals, going beyond the limits of quantitative indicators from external assessments. The investigation starts from the recognition that, although the quality of education is widely acknowledged as a priority, there are significant disparities between schools, highlighting the need for a broader and more contextualized analysis. A qualitative approach was adopted, through semi-structured interviews with principals from five public schools in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo state, selected for being located in different socioeconomic realities. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis, allowing categorization into three main axes: external evaluations and indicators, family participation, and local specificities. The results indicate that principals acknowledge the importance of external evaluations but emphasize that they do not fully represent the concept of quality. Elements such as adequate infrastructure, safety, community engagement, a supportive school climate, leadership performance, and pedagogical support are considered essential. The study also notes the lack of access to key documents from the National Education Plan (PNE), which reveals weaknesses in the articulation between national guidelines and local practice. It is concluded that the notion of quality in education is complex, contextual, and cannot be reduced to numerical indexes. Although indicators play a relevant role, they must be aligned with qualitative and social dimensions of the school environment. The applicability of the results lies in contributing to the development of public policies that are more responsive to local realities and capable of integrating pedagogical, structural, and social dimensions into their planning and evaluation criteria. Furthermore, the study reinforces the importance of listening to school actors as a way to broaden the understanding of what truly promotes quality education.
Análise comparativa da utilização de barras de fibra de vidro e de aço em tubos de concreto reforçados para sistemas de esgotamento sanitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Moreira, Gabriela Queiroz; Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
This study investigates the application of concrete pipes reinforced with fiberglass bars in sanitary sewage systems. Considering that sanitary sewage represents a highly aggressive environment and is often neglected in terms of maintenance, corrosion becomes one of the main degradation factors, compromising the durability and service life of conventional pipes. In this context, fiberglass bars emerge as a promising alternative to steel reinforcement. The research compares two structural solutions: one pipe reinforced with steel bars and the other with fiberglass bars (GFRP), analyzing their advantages, limitations, and performance under operational conditions. In addition to structural sizing, parameters such as durability, corrosion resistance, and maintenance needs throughout the structure’s lifespan were considered. Among the results obtained, it was observed that for a concrete pipe with predefined dimensions, the steel reinforcement requires an area of approximately 8.6 cm², while the GFRP reinforcement requires around 6.7 cm² to withstand the same stresses, demonstrating greater efficiency of the composite material. The study reinforces the need for more durable, sustainable, and costeffective solutions that contribute to reducing pathological manifestations and increasing the service life of these infrastructures, especially in sewage networks exposed to high chemical aggressiveness.
Simulação numérica da influência de aberturas no comportamento estrutural de vigas de concreto armado em pilotis de edifícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Diniz, Helena Cristina Andrade Pereira; Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-6377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4313886330430019; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6332-8136
The integration of openings in reinforced concrete beams has become a prevalent practice in buildings with stilts, a development largely attributable to the high concentration of installations in these structures. However, such openings have the potential to compromise the structural performance of beams, particularly with regard to shear resistance. The present study evaluated the impact of horizontal openings near supports in reinforced concrete beams using numerical simulations in ABAQUS® software. The Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) constitutive model was employed to conduct these simulations. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the impact of variations in support types (double-supported and double-fixed), vertical positions (H20, H37, and H60), and opening dimensions (15x15 cm, 15x30 cm, and 15x45 cm). The numerical outcomes were then juxtaposed with the established standards delineated in ABNT NBR 6118 (2023), which stipulates the criteria for evaluating the strength of beams with dimensions of 15x15 centimeters. The comparative analysis revealed a decline in the maximum strength of these beams, ranging from 1% to 4%. Conversely, the openings measuring 15x30 cm and 15x45 cm resulted in losses of 11% to 15% and 17% to 32%, respectively. The H60 position exhibited the optimal performance, irrespective of the initial size of the opening. It was observed that beams with fixed support withstood greater loads than those with double support, thereby highlighting the role of connection in the rigidity of the system. Furthermore, it was observed that the introduction of apertures modified the failure mode of the beams, promoting brittle shear failures, since the shear stress exceeded the bending moment as a limiting factor. In light of the aforementioned findings, it was deduced that these conclusions served to underscore the necessity of incorporating stiffness compensation into the structural design of beams that are subject to openings. This approach contributed to the development of safer and more effective solutions.
Toponímia e tecnologia para o ensino de língua portuguesa na educação básica: uma abordagem a partir de indicadores da cultura de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Cardoso, Denise Ramos; Pereira, Bruno Gomes; Sé, Joceli Catarina Stassi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1314068157460143; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4220468634451498; Acácio, Mara Silvia; Araújo, Marcos Jaime; Conde, Dirceu Cleber; Basso, Renato Miguel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8052451773456287; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4750865776564165; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527
The main objective of the present research is to present the toponymy of the neighborhoods that make up the Belém metropolis, for educational purposes, through a digital tool. To respond to the realce objective, we have listed the following specific objectives: to (i) map the toponyms; (ii) identify the motivations for the creation of toponyms and (iii) develop the digital tool as an application for the teaching of the Portuguese Language. The theoretical foundation is housed in the interdisciplinary field of toponymic linguistic studies, from the interface with research on Geosocial Linguistics, Sociolinguistics and School Literacy, based on the authors Andrade, K. dos S (2012); Cagliari, L. C. (2003); Dick, M. V. de A P. (1990); Kleiman, A. B (2014), among others. As a research methodology, we appropriated a descriptive-documental and bibliographic study based on the theories of Dick (1986, 1990, 1992), To find the probable toponymic motivation present in the designations of the neighborhoods of the researched area. In this study, we present an application, as a technological tool, created to work on toponymy in the Teaching of the Portuguese Language in state and municipal schools, in an interdisciplinary and intercultural perspective, with the support and partnership of the group of researchers from Interceleri, who are part of the technology department of the Federal University of Pará.
Manifestações do catolicismo popular no contexto urbano: Folia de Reis como resistência cultural em Sorocaba-SP (1990-2025)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Rocha, Isabela Martins de Souza; Silva, Vanda Aparecida da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9920701759600807; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2702034300669129
This is a study on the history and survival of the only Folia de Reis group in Sorocaba, São Paulo. The “Companhia de Santos Reis da Vila Formosa” has been carrying out its journeys—bringing culture and faith to the homes of Sorocaba residents—since 1990. Based on qualitative research, with participant observation supplemented by field notebook annotations and oral history interviews with members of the Sorocaba Folia de Reis, this study explores the processes of preserving the very condition of being human within the context of popular culture and the historical formation of migrant communities. It also offers insights into how society and political powers receive and revisit their own cultural foundations, both within this small community and in other rural-based religious traditions. The study concludes that, just as the Festa de Santos Reis is diverse, the notions of territoriality and belonging are essential to understanding the experiences observed. The oral accounts collected cease to exist solely as speech and become both tangible and intangible heritage, revealing elements of a tradition rooted not only in rural imagination, but also coexisting and resisting the rapid erasure of popular cultures within urban centers.
A Arte na formação inicial de pedagogos: panorama das instituições de ensino público superior da região Sudeste.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Lins, Tales José Lopes; Tomazzetti, Cleonice Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4821077407620769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3824702764897386; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; Moretti, Andrezza Campos; Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6161329976279725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230
The initial training of educators in Brazil faces significant challenges with regard to the integration of art content and artistic languages into the curricula of education courses. The research analyzed the curriculum matrix of pedagogy courses at federal (UF) and state (UE) universities in the Southeast Region in order to verify the presence and manner in which art is addressed in the compulsory subjects of these courses. The central issue of the study is to investigate how the art component of the curriculum is integrated into the pedagogical projects of these courses in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The theoretical basis of the study was based on authors such as Figueiredo, Bellochio, Gomes, and Barbosa, who discuss the importance of this area of knowledge in education and the need for more solid training of educators in this area. The methodology used is qualitative in nature, with a documentary approach, using as main sources the Pedagogical Course Projects (PPCs) and the syllabi of the Art area of the subjects of the Pedagogy courses at federal and state universities in the Southeast Region. The methodology used is qualitative in nature, with a documentary approach, using as main sources the Pedagogical Course Projects (PPCs) and the syllabi of the Art area of the Pedagogy courses at federal and state universities in the Southeast Region. Data analysis was performed using content analysis, as proposed by Bardin (2008), with the aim of identifying the presence and manner in which art content is integrated into curricula. The results reinforce the need for a review of training practices, promoting a more consistent integration of Art into the training curriculum of Education degree students and ensuring that all four artistic languages are addressed equally.
Panorama das mudanças institucionais na cabotagem no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Barbosa, Julia dos Santos; Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049
This undergraduate thesis aims to analyze the institutional structure of coastal shipping (cabotage) in Brazil, focusing on the factors that influence its performance within the national transport matrix. The research adopts the perspective of New Institutional Economics, particularly Douglass North’s theory, to understand how institutions shape incentives and condition the sector’s development. Despite its logistical, economic, and environmental advantages, cabotage in Brazil still faces significant challenges, such as market concentration, regulatory rigidity, port bureaucracy, and infrastructure shortages. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review and document analysis, the study also examines the impacts of Law No. 14.301/2022 (BR do Mar Program), which aims to stimulate the use of this transport mode through the flexibilization of vessel chartering and sector modernization. The study concludes that strengthening cabotage requires deep institutional reforms, strategic state action, and the creation of a more efficient, transparent, and competitive regulatory environment.
Projeto de fundição da carcaça de caixa de redução de um protótipo baja 4x4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Costa, Roberta Benedita ; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6444472329570632
Aluminium alloys are frequently processed through various casting methods, an association that is particularly advantageous for the automotive sector. However, the execution of casting processes can pose significant challenges, especially When aiming to produce components with high geometrical complexity. Therefore, the present work aims to develop the complete casting project of an automotive component for a Baja SAE vehicle, from its conception to the execution of the Project and analysis of the manufactured parts. To achieve this, the project was initially based on conventional concepts established in the literature and subsequently optimized using numerical simulation tools. The iterative relationship between these two approaches allowed for the correction of errors that could have been catastrophic to the performance of the project. Finally, the integrity of the produced components was evaluated through optical microscopy and hardness testing.
Comportamento em corrosão do aço inoxidável austenítico ASTM F138 na presença de fluido corporal simulado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Nakahashi, Mayumi Andrade; Antunes, Luiz Henrique Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0389761517968767; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-5498; Otani, Lucas Barcelos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2519980413159984; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-2335; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9749423674347267; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-3557
The austenitic stainless steel ASTM F138 is widely used in the medical orthopedic field in the form of pins, fixation plates, and rods, primarily due to its high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and good surface finish. This steel is a 316LVM-type alloy, vacuum melted to ensure a microstructure free from delta ferrite and deleterious intermetallic phases such as sigma and chi. This process is responsible for ensuring purity and enhancing pitting corrosion resistance—essential characteristics for the aforementioned applications. Generally, ASTM F138 steel is marketed in the solution-annealed condition, achieved through a heat treatment process that dissolves undesirable carbides, such as chromium carbide, which is known to reduce resistance to intergranular corrosion caused by sensitization. Potentiodynamic polarization tests can be performed to characterize the corrosion behavior of the material in a given medium, providing information such as corrosion potential and susceptibility to pitting. In such tests, a potentiostat is used to continuously sweep the electrode potential at a controlled rate while measuring the current. In the present study, the corrosion behavior of this steel was analyzed under three different conditions: cold-rolled samples, solution-treated samples at 1050°C for 1 hour—which aims to produce the optimal microstructure—and sensitized samples at 675°C for 6 hours—a condition that exposes the steel to a higher tendency for intergranular corrosion. The corrosive medium used was phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), a simulated body fluid that contains the main corrosive components present in the human body, as well as osmolarity and ion concentrations similar to those of human fluids. In this context, the aim was to compare the performance of the steel in the three conditions using potentiodynamic polarization tests, which provide corrosion curves that relate potential and electrical current, in the presence of PBS. From the results, it was observed that the pitting potential was very similar for the cold-rolled and solution-treated samples, and their corrosion behavior was distinguished through analysis of metastable pit nucleation and repassivation characteristics. The sensitized samples, in contrast, showed a lower pitting potential and, consequently, breakdown of the passive film at much lower potentials when compared to the other conditions, indicating that the sensitization process was responsible for the reduced corrosion resistance of the steel under study. Thus, it can be concluded that heat treatment plays a fundamental role in the corrosion performance of ASTM F138 steel, with the solution-treated condition being the most suitable as it ensures greater stability of the passive layer, while sensitization significantly compromises this protection, reducing the steel’s corrosion resistance in a simulated physiological environment.
Projeto de fundição de uma carcaça do sistema de direção para um veículo baja, assitido por simulação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Ferraz, Rafael Hehl Pinto; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
This work aimed to develop a casting project for manufacturing the steering box housing of the Baja SAE UFSCar team vehicle. During the project, steps such as material selection, feeding and gating system design, and process variables definition were addressed. To ensure part quality and avoid defects like shrinkage porosity and cold shuts, the simulation software MAGMASOFT® 6.1 was used, allowing design optimizations before practical manufacturing. After the optimizations, the model was produced using 3D printing, and the mold was made with sand and phenolic resin (PEPSET). The casting was carried out using the A356 aluminum alloy. Despite some surface defects, the part showed good internal soundness. To validate the process, metallographic analyses were performed in different regions of the part, along with hardness tests, showing satisfactory results when compared with values found in the literature. This work also served as a foundation for future projects of the Baja UFSCar team, strengthening knowledge in the casting process and demonstrating the feasibility of this technology for manufacturing structural components of the vehicle.
Incorporação migrante e a reprodução social: um estudo a partir de mapas sociais de mulheres migrantes no interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Augusti, Ana Maria Gomes; Ruseishvili, Svetlana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8978076849998172; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9692; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8873458757657338; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2273-8401
This research, result of my Undergraduate Research Project funded by CNPq, investigated the impact of the care workload borne by migrant mothers on their ability to obtain employment in Brazil. Based on the concept of social capital, we started from the hypothesis that caring for young children hinders the development of the social ties necessary for migrant women to access the labor market. The empirical study focused on Latin American migrant women in Araraquara, in the countryside of São Paulo. This qualitative research employed semi- structured interviews and sociograms (visual representations of participants' social networks). The data confirm that migrant mothers have fewer social ties than other groups, deepening the debate on the “motherhood penalty” in migratory contexts. The reproductive burden not only hampers professional growth but also limits the development of social ties that could be converted into paid employment. Only 5% of ties helped mothers find jobs, compared to 26.6% for non-mothers. The study reinforces the importance of public policies aimed at the labor integration of women.
Avaliação da ausência de revestimento em aços endurecidos por estampagem a quente: estudo sobre blanks soldados a laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Rocha, Arthur Braga; Santana, Jéssica; Otani, Lucas Barcelos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2519980413159984; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-2335
Advances in the study of steels and their alloys have enabled the production of advanced, high-strength steels. Combined with the hot stamping process, these steels have led to gains in vehicle safety and weight reduction. Often, hot forming requires coating the steels to prevent oxidation and decarburization caused by high temperatures and an oxidizing environment. This study evaluates the influence of the coating layer on components produced by hot stamping using press-hardened and press-quenched steels joined by laser welding. PHS 1500 steel can reach a strength limit of 1500 MPa after forming and has a microstructure composed mainly of acicular martensite. It is often used in safety components that resist intrusion in the event of an impact. PQS 500, with a yield strength of approximately 500 MPa, is used in components requiring greater energy absorption. Combining both materials through laser welding led to the development of laser-welded blanks (LWB). Materials coated with aluminum and silicon layers were evaluated to determine their presence or absence. The study was therefore carried out on samples of a vehicle component that uses LWB technology to verify the final microstructure after hot forming through optical microscopy (OM) and to evaluate the mechanical properties through Vickers microhardness testing. The PQS 500 regions were found to have a ferritic matrix, while the PHS 1500 regions were found to have a predominantly martensitic matrix. The expected average values were observed for the properties after forming: PQS 500 was 179.22 HV, the laser-welded region was 229.44 HV, and PHS was 445 HV. Completely removing the coating from the samples demonstrated the impact of the absence of this protection, evidenced by decarburization regions and reduced hardness where carbon diffusion occurred. Decarburization of the component was confirmed by the hardness of the PHS 1500 region, where a hardness of 216 HV was measured. This indicates a reduction in mechanical strength after stamping.
Optimising cloud iot applications for scalability: leveraging distributed queues for seamless operations
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-11) Oliveira, Daniel Lombardi; Valente, Fredy João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8165518000687142; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-4787; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-3415
A rápida expansão da Internet das Coisas (IoT) exigiu o desenvolvimento de aplicações em nuvem robustas e escaláveis para gerenciar o vasto fluxo de dados e garantir a comunicação confiável entre dispositivos. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo abrangente, respaldado pela experiência prática adquirida durante o desenvolvimento de redes de larga escala com atuadores de IoT. Começamos explorando os desafios únicos impostos pelos ecossistemas de IoT, incluindo implementações de processamento em tempo real e escalonamento para aplicações em nuvem e suas dificuldades. O estudo se aprofunda na utilização de bancos de dados em memória, filas e métodos RPC para atuar como memória compartilhada, criando um sistema distribuído amplamente escalável que permite a utilização de metodologias tradicionais de escalonamento para grandes ambientes de IoT baseados em MQTT.