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Interferência dos capins massai (Panicum maximum x Panicum infestum cv. massai), braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu) e andropongon (Andropogon gayanus) sobre capim capeta (Sporobolus indicus) e capim navalha (Paspalum virgatum)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-13)
Ferreira, João Paulo Bernardi
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Monquero, Patricia Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8980180096770179
Hindering the production of animal feed. Given the difficulty of chemically controlling these species, the potential of forage grasses massai grass (Panicum maximum × Panicum infestum cv. Massai), palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu), and gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) was evaluated as alternatives to suppress the growth of these weeds. In the first experiment, weed seeds were treated with aqueous extracts of the forage species at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. The results showed that the extracts, especially at higher concentrations, significantly reduced weed germination, indicating a possible allelopathic effect. In the second experiment, the competitive ability of the forage grasses against the weeds was tested at different densities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 plants m−2). Each forage grass was grown in competition with smut grass and virgata grass until the flowering stage of the weeds. At the end of the period, the shoot dry biomass was measured to assess interference. It was observed that gamba grass was the most effective in suppressing both virgata grass and smut grass. Higher weed densities (8, 10, and 12 plants m−2) had a greater impact on forage growth, but even so, the forages demonstrated competitive ability. It was concluded that the studied forage grasses can be used as a strategy for integrated management, reducing the infestation of smut grass and virgata grass without relying exclusively on herbicides. Gamba grass stood out as the best option for areas predominantly infested with these weeds. These results suggest that the use of these forage grasses in grazing systems or intercropping may contribute to the sustainable control of weeds in pastures.
Gestão de resíduos eletrônicos no Brasil: desafios e oportunidades na perspectiva da economia circular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Souza, Dallissa Katharine Ribeiro Rodrigues de
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Freire, Fábio Bentes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-360X
The management of electronic waste has become one of the greatest environmental challenges of contemporary times, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. With the significant increase in the consumption of electrical and electronic equipment and the rapid pace of technological obsolescence, the volume of improperly discarded e-waste has grown, generating considerable socio-environmental impacts. In this context, the circular economy emerges as a strategic alternative to the traditional linear model, promoting resource reuse, waste reduction, and the valorization of critical materials. This study aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the main challenges and opportunities related to electronic waste management in Brazil from the perspective of the circular economy. The results revealed that, although the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) represented an important legal milestone, its effective implementation still faces barriers such as lack of inspection, low public awareness, and limited infrastructure for selective collection and recycling. On the other hand, initiatives in remanufacturing, urban mining, the use of digital technologies, and the role of cooperatives have shown potential to optimize the reverse chain and boost circularity. The research also highlighted the importance of articulation among government, the productive sector, and civil society to strengthen sustainable practices. It is concluded that the transition to a circular economy in the management of electronic waste in Brazil requires regulatory advances, investments in technological innovation, environmental education programs, and incentives for shared responsibility. Only through an integrated approach will it be possible to minimize environmental impacts, promote social inclusion, and foster a more sustainable development model.
A defesa no Projeto de uma psicologia de Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Silva, Samuel Estevão Vieira da
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Maniakas, Georgina Carolina Oliveira Faneco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1207794266426572
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9854981577197491
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https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9363-0084
This work aims to investigate the concept of “defense” (Abwehr) as developed by Freud in the manuscript "Project for a Scientific Psychology" (1895). To this purpose, based on some of the author’s texts published between 1893 and 1896, it addresses issues related to the theory of hysteria, such as the concepts of “repression” and “symbol-formation”, illustrating them with the clinical cases of Lucy R., Katharina, and Emma. Based on the Project, it presents defense first as a “normal” activity of a neural organization called the “ego”, which, according to the “principle of constancy”, inhibits the displeasure’s development aroused by painful memories. Secondly, it presents, according to the Project, the distinction between a “normal” defense and a “pathological” defense, given that the latter, in hysteria, results in the “repression” an intolerable idea to the “ego” and its replacement by a “symbol”. Finally, it discusses the importance, for this result, of the process, which occurred during puberty, of (unconscious) understanding of a scene with sexual content that occurred in childhood, according to Freud’s theoretical developments in the period considered here.
Diálogos velados: a negociação dos papéis femininos em Jane Eyre (1847) e A Intrusa (1908)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Caetano, Bruna dos Santos
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1043899815571476
This thesis has two novels as objects of analysis: Jane Eyre (1847), by the english writer Charlotte Brontë (1816-1855), and A Intrusa (1908), by the brazilian writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida (1862-1934). Although she lived part of the Victorian Age, a period when the “Angel in the House” ideology was consolidated, Brontë introduced new feminine patterns, such as Jane Eyre, protagonist of the namesake novel, who stands out for seeking independence in a patriarchal society. Similarly, Júlia Lopes de Almeida lived in a society that propagated the Rainha do Lar ideal, reinforced by the roles of mother, wife and housewife. Nevertheless, Almeida centralized Alice Galba in A Intrusa, who seeks independence and living through work. Even though the novels are from different nationalities, the characters are similar as they move between the ideal role of “Angel in the House”, reaffirming the patriarchal culture, and, at the same time, subvert this pattern, seeking independence and living through work. Therefore, considering the historical-social context of the english and brazilian societies, this research aims to make a comparative study between the protagonists of Jane Eyre and A Intrusa, pursuing to identify, comprehend and compare the negotiations of the feminine roles in the novels. Through the character analysis, we aim to identify veiled dialogues, veiled criticisms, of the system that limited feminine roles. For that, the study is based on the dialectical criticism by Fredric Jameson (1992), and intends to comprehend, from a reading in three levels, the connection between the works and the historical-social field they are inserted and, posteriorly, how this exterior field is figured in the narratives. Furthermore, we also have the feminist criticism as a reading perspective, because we offer a new interpretation for the novels.
Ação pedagógica para prevenção de violência de gênero com adolescentes na escola: a perspectiva dialógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Oba, Luana de Souza
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Marigo, Adriana Fernandes Coimbra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4014738511373573
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-3478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6250124001315330
This study aimed to gather recommendations for pedagogical actions aimed at preventing gender-based violence among adolescents in schools, grounded in the dialogic perspective. To this end, a bibliographic research was conducted, using content analysis procedures to examine whether there are international contributions to the field, through scientific articles retrieved from the CREA (Community of Research on Excellence for All) portal, and to draw a comparison with national academic productions. The analysis revealed several recommendations in the international articles, which were organized into three categories: “Involvement of the entire educational community,” “Peer relationships,” and “School environment.” When compared to the national context, both similarities and differences emerged: while Brazilian articles predominantly focus on denouncing the problem, offering few concrete proposals for intervention, the studies of the Dialogic Learning approach emphasize prevention and resolution strategies based on collective engagement and transformative practices. It is concluded that, although awareness of gender-based violence among adolescents in schools is increasing in Brazil, there are still significant gaps in the implementation of effective and integrated pedagogical actions, highlighting the relevance of drawing inspiration from successful educational actions.
Simulação de controle de temperatura em biorreator de leito empacotado de fermentação em estado sólido para produção de enzimas para biocombustíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Silva, Victor Elias
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Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294
Studies on solid state fermentation (SSF) have gained prominence in recent years due to their potential to produce enzymes for biofuels using agro-industrial solid waste, fitting into the biorefinery concept. Despite its advantages, SSF still faces challenges and limitations such as the formation of thermal gradients in packed bed bioreactors, which are the most suitable models for filamentous fungi, microorganisms that are better adapted to this type of bioprocess. Given this context, the objective of this work was to propose thermal control strategies to prevent or mitigate overheating in these bioreactors. To achieve this, one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous energy transfer equations in porous media arranged in packed beds were used to model different aeration schemes and operational conditions, with the aid of MATLAB software. The strategies evaluated included varying the inlet air temperature and flow rate, as well as modifying the aeration configuration by implementing central or bidirectional aeration compared to the traditional unidirectional axial aeration model. The proposed schemes were simulated in a case study involving the production of cellulase, an enzyme of great interest to the biofuels sector, by two fungi: Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b (thermophilic) and Aspergillus niger (mesophilic). In addition to the proposed strategies, simulation results from the literature involving flow direction reversal aeration were compared with experimental data from a packed bed bioreactor using this same type of aeration. All the strategies tested showed promise in reducing overheating in the bed, based on the simulation results obtained in MATLAB. It was concluded that these alternatives have potential for experimental implementation, with particular emphasis on the modifications in aeration configuration, which showed greater efficiency in reducing overheating. This contributed to better fungal growth, especially for temperature-sensitive microorganisms such as A. niger.
Avaliação das condições de fermentação na produção de off flavors da cerveja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Benatti Monetta, Gabriel
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Silva, Adilson José da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179
Beer, one of the most consumed beverages in the world and in Brazil, holds significant economic and social importance for society, as it is consumed during various moments in people's lives. It is produced using four main ingredients: barley (malt), hops, water, and yeast. These four ingredients form the basis for the production process, which is divided into two parts: the hot and cold stages. The hot stage consists of receiving raw materials, processing, and mashing, which is the step of preparing the wort. The cold stage involves fermentation, maturation, filtration, and packaging. The fermentation stage is where the main biochemical reactions of the process occur, and some volatile compounds responsible for the flavor and aroma of the beer are formed. These compounds need to be controlled so that they do not turn into undesirable flavors (known as off-flavors) when present in high concentrations. Therefore, this work focuses on the fermentation stage of the brewing process, with the collection of thirty samples of fermentations containing their pre-established ranges for each operational parameter. The analysis of these data was performed through scatter plots, radar charts, and heatmaps to assess how the operational parameters influence the formation of these substances, using the Microsoft Excel® software. As a result of this work, it was possible to observe how some operational parameters, such as temperature and aeration, impact the elevated formation of acetaldehyde, and that fine-tuning the pre-established process conditions is a way to control the formation of volatile compounds, resulting in a more harmonized beer without them reaching high concentrations and becoming offflavors.
Uso de dados para tomada de decisão estratégica em adquirentes no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Haddad, Rodrigo Santos
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Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9250214706491925
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-3216
Data intelligence, through technologies such as Big Data, can generate competitive advantage in a highly concentrated and competitive market. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the use of data in strategic decision- making within the acquiring sector in Brazil. Based on a qualitative approach and employing the case study method, interviews were conducted with professionals working in one of the major acquiring companies in the country, seeking to identify the role of data in strategy formulation. The research demonstrates that companies in this specific industry, when able to capture, integrate, and interpret relevant data, have a greater ability to adjust their strategies in real time, optimizing resources and expanding their market share. The analysis also highlights the transition from a consolidated duopoly to a more fragmented scenario, driven by cost-focused and differentiation strategies or a combination of both supported by timely analytical insights. The study concludes that the structured and strategic use of data is a determining factor for competitiveness in the Brazilian acquiring sector, especially in volatile contexts such as those observed during and after the pandemic.
Desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel para ensino de Python
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Silva, Thiago Diaz Virginio da
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Backes, André Ricardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8590140337571249
This work presents the development of an educational mobile application designed to teach the Python programming language to young beginners. Using the Flutter framework, a platform was created that combines theoretical lessons and interactive exercises in a gamified experience, incorporating mechanics such as a life system, experience points (XP), and progressive module unlocking. The application architecture was based on the repository standard, ensuring scalability and maintainability, while the backend was implemented with Firebase Authentication and Cloud Firestore. The prototype demonstrates that the proposed approach is effective in engaging the target audience and providing a more dynamic and motivating learning journey, meeting the established pedagogical and technological objectives.
Educação Ambiental Crítico-Transformadora via Tema Gerador no estudo de aves: uma abordagem para a conscientização ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Camilo, Maria Fernanda de Souza
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Torres, Juliana Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-6702
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9520465398733763
This work proposed the application of Critical-Transformative Environmental Education through the Generator Theme approach, resulting in the study of bird ecology as a curricular and teaching-learning axis within the context of a public state school in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. To this end, an action research methodology was used, grounded in the Organizational Moments of environmental practices via generative themes. Through active listening to the students and an analysis of their conceptions about the environment, a gap was identified between popular knowledge and the scientific understanding essential for citizen environmental education. The focus on bird ecology made it possible to explore biological, ecological, and social content, valuing students' concrete reality and promoting critical reflection on their relationship with the environment. The research revealed that, despite the constant presence of birds in people’s daily lives, their ecological role is often overlooked in the school setting. This work highlights the importance of pedagogical practices that break away from traditional models and prioritize the collective construction of knowledge, in dialogue with the lived experiences of students.
Do fluxo à obstrução: condições de escoamento estável em silos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Silva, Leticia Viana Machado da
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Gargarella, Piter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
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Moreira, Pedro Augusto Franco Pinheiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5964404207962453
This work aims to investigate, through computational simulations based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) using the LAMMPS software, the conditions that favor stable granular flow in silos. Two main parameters were analyzed: the ratio between the outlet diameter and the particle diameter (D/d), and the inclination angle of the funnel walls. The results indicate the existence of a critical value for both parameters. On one hand, for very small D/d ratios, the flow is limited by geometric constraints and increased particle-wall collisions; on the other hand, for very large ratios, flowability also decreases due to the growing influence of cohesive forces between smaller particles. Similarly, very shallow angles tend to favor clogging, while steeper angles promote a more continuous flow—up to a certain limit. The simulation results were compared with experimental data obtained previously during the author’s undergraduate research, showing good agreement between the model predictions and observed behavior. These findings reinforce the idea that granular flow does not simply improve by increasing the outlet size or the funnel angle, but rather depends on finding a well-balanced geometric configuration that maximizes particle movement while minimizing clogging and inefficiencies.
Dinâmica e composição da matriz energética industrial brasileira: análise atual e cenários prospectivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Pinto, Vítor Guedes
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Béttega, Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-5385
The Brazilian industrial energy matrix has undergone significant transformations in recent years, driven by economic crises, technological advancements, and public policies. This work critically analyzes this evolution, investigating changes in the share of renewable (hydropower, biomass, wind) and non-renewable (natural gas, coal) energy sources in the industrial sector, as well as the political, socioeconomic, and technological factors that determined them. The methodology combines a systematic literature review of indexed scientific articles (Scopus, SciELO) and sectoral reports (EPE, ANEEL, MME) with quantitative analysis of energy data. The results reveal that, despite the significant share of renewable sources such as sugarcane bagasse and hydroelectric power, challenges like water seasonality and regional dependence persist. The study also highlights the potential of emerging alternatives including biogas, green hydrogen, and solar thermal energy, whose development requires research investments and coordinated policies to ensure industrial growth aligned with environmental sustainability.
Otimização da produção heteróloga de fenazina-1-ácido carboxílico por cepas recombinantes de Escherichia coli
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Pantaleão, Vitor Leonel
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Silva, Adilson José da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8707663856919654
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-6208
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8707663856919654
Phenazines are microbial secondary metabolites with promising applications as biopesticides, biosensors, and pharmaceuticals. However, current production processes remain inefficient and unsustainable, highlighting the need for alternative strategies. In this work, we optimized the heterologous production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) in recombinant Escherichia coli through metabolic engineering. Starting from an engineered E. coli strain that carries a plasmid for PCA expression, we evaluated the effects of overexpressing the genes aroD, aroE, tktA, and vhb50, alongside deletion of the regulatory gene tyrR. Shake flask experiments demonstrated that tyrR deletion alone increased PCA titers by 41%, while its combination with aroD or aroE overexpression raised production by 282% and 330%, respectively. Co-expression of tktA and vhb50 together with tyrR deletion enhanced PCA yields by 377%. The final engineered strain carrying all modifications achieved 209% higher PCA production in flasks and 274% in bioreactor batch cultivation, compared to the parental strain. These results demonstrate the potential of targeted metabolic engineering for efficient heterologous phenazine production in E. coli.
Abordagem histórica sobre o café no estado de São Paulo e suas relações sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Gazzola , Vivian Benfatti
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Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-0938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251101601652040
This paper provides a historical approach to the coffee commodity in the state of São Paulo through a narrative review. Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer and exporter, and the Port of Santos, in São Paulo, has contributed significantly to consolidating this position over the decades. Cultivated primarily in the Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora species, coffee shaped social dynamics in the state of São Paulo, which for many years was the largest coffee producer in Brazil. Production in the state followed national patterns: for large-scale export, a structure that led to political disputes, the slavery era, as well as the racist legacy of this practice, the elitism of "Café society," the popularization of the everyday black coffee, and the return of gourmet coffee with "postmodern coffee." After the decline of coffee in the state, São Paulo became the third largest coffee producer in Brazil, but has the opportunity to integrate into current trends with the growing appreciation of differentiated and certified coffees, in line with contemporary demands for sustainability and innovation in the global market.
Efeitos de intervenções em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista matriculadas na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Silva, Carolina Marques
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Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-697X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8516267174864094
Students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder may present characteristics associated with sensory and behavioral changes, and may demonstrate a greater need for support in their development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder enrolled in early childhood education, using the Operationalized Portage Inventory (OPI), to observe whether their performance is in accordance with what is expected for their age group, and to apply interventions based on performances below what is expected for their age group. Three children enrolled in the regular education system in the Early Childhood Education stage, aged between 3 and 6 years, diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) participated in the study. Data collection was carried out in three stages: application of the pre-test (OPI), interventions based on the identified needs, and application of the post-test (OPI) to assess progress. Data analysis consisted of comparing the performances obtained before and after the interventions. The results showed progress in the children's development, both in the skills directly worked on during the interventions and in other areas of development, indicating the effectiveness of the practices applied.
A implementação da lógica Fuzzy na filtragem de sinais em aparelhos de pressão sanguínea e sua possível evolução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Mendes, Felipe Orsi
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França, Celso Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547836128892982
This work addresses the application of Fuzzy logic techniques to noise filtering in blood pressure signals obtained from automatic sphygmomanometers. The central problem lies in the presence of noise and distortions in the oscillometric pressure signals, which compromise measurement accuracy and clinical diagnosis. The main objective is to develop and compare methods based on Fuzzy logic, such as Fuzzy C-Means, Fuzzy inference systems, Fuzzy TOPSIS, and Fuzzy rules, in order to improve the quality of processed signals. This research is justified by the growing demand for more reliable and accessible medical devices, considering that the accuracy of blood pressure readings is crucial for public health. The methodology involved generating blood pressure signals with predetermined noise levels, implementing the fuzzy methods in a simulation environment, and evaluating the results based on performance metrics established by the AAMI standard. The final considerations indicate that certain fuzzy approaches demonstrated effective noise reduction capabilities, with significant improvements in error metrics, highlighting their potential for application in non-invasive blood pressure measurement systems.
Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais de citros no controle do bolor verde (Penicillium digitatum sacc.) e bolor azul (Penicillium italicum wehmer)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Bedo, Ana Carolina Vidotte
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Moura, Vanessa Santos
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Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
Green and blue molds, caused respectively by the fungi Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, represent significant issues in citrus farming due to their ability to cause considerable postharvest losses and compromise the commercial quality of fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from different citrus genotypes in the control of these phytopathogens. EOs from Amber, Eureka, Harvey, and Siciliano lemons, Pêra Rio IAC sweet orange, and Late IAC 585 mandarin were used, as well as commercial EOs from orange and lemon, both provided by Cisol. In the in vitro experiment, the disc diffusion method was applied to assess the inhibition of mycelial growth of P. digitatum and P. italicum by the EOs. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD), with five replicates, in an 8 × 6 factorial scheme, consisting of eight types of EOs and five concentrations (0; 2,5; 7,5; 12,5; 17,5 and 100%). In the in vivo test, the effectiveness of EOs in controlling P. italicum was evaluated in Tahiti acid lime fruits. The fruits were inoculated 24 hours before (preventive method) and 24 hours after (curative method) EO treatment. The experiment was carried out in a CRD, in a 2 × 2 × 3 + 2 factorial scheme, with three replicates, including two control methods (preventive and curative), three EO types (from Pêra Rio orange, Harvey lemon, and commercial lemon), three concentrations (0; 12,5 and 17,5%), and a positive control (Imazalil) and negative control (water). The results showed that the EOs were not effective against P. digitatum, as the inhibition zones were similar to those of the negative control (water only). However, for P. italicum, the pure EOs from Eureka, Late IAC 585, and commercial lemon exhibited higher inhibition than the chemical control. In Tahiti lime fruit treatment, the curative approach at 17,5% was more efficient, reducing disease incidence and severity. The results indicate that EO effectiveness depends on the genotype, concentration, and application strategy, with the curative method being the most promising for the postharvest control of P. italicum.
Análise ergonômica do trabalho no setor de reciclagem automotiva: estudo de caso em uma empresa de desmontagem de ônibus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Thorgaard, Anna Carolina Pimenta
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Fontes, Andréa Regina Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4848646681792317
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9670-6221
The automotive recycling sector, within the logic of the circular economy, presents significant ergonomic challenges that directly affect workers' health, well-being, and performance. This study aims to analyze working conditions in a company specialized in bus dismantling, focusing on identifying ergonomic risks and the gap between prescribed work and actual work. The research was conducted through a qualitative case study, involving semi structured interviews with workers and managers, as well as the application of the Task Description Sheet (FDT) and the Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), following the principles of activity-centered ergonomics. The results reveal several shortcomings in working conditions, including excessive physical effort, awkward postures, limited use of personal protective equipment, task improvisation, and exposure to unhealthy environments. The workers' routine is marked by informal adaptations and physical overload, highlighting the need for ergonomic interventions that promote safer, healthier, and more productive workplaces. It is concluded that the adoption of participatory ergonomic strategies can contribute to reducing occupational risks and improving quality of life at work.
Processo de produção de etanol de segunda geração (E2G)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Santos, Murilo dos
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Freire, Fábio Bentes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-360X
Second-generation ethanol (2G Ethanol), also known as bioethanol, green ethanol, or cellulosic ethanol, is an advanced biofuel made from the residual materials left over from the production of conventional ethanol (first-generation ethanol) and sugar. It is a product that utilizes raw materials with low environmental impact that would otherwise be discarded, offering excellent logistical advantages. Chemically, second-generation ethanol (2G Ethanol) is the same as first-generation ethanol (1G); the main difference lies in the production method, which uses plant biomass, repurposing agricultural residues such as straw, leaves, bagasse, wood chips, and others. The production of second-generation ethanol involves a highly technological process including biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and subsequent fermentation. Among the advantages of this production process are: the utilization of residues such as sugarcane bagasse and straw, corn leftovers, wheat straw, and more, which would normally be discarded or burned. This contributes to the circular economy by transforming waste into renewable energy, promoting efficient use of resources, and reducing waste. The process also yields a higher output per hectare, meaning more ethanol is produced per cultivated area without the need to expand plantations, which helps preserve forests and other ecosystems. It strengthens a clean and renewable energy matrix and reduces dependence on fossil fuels. Finally, it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, as its production emits up to 90% less CO₂ compared to fossil fuels, and even less than first-generation ethanol. Currently, this production process is considered high-cost because the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars is technically complex and requires the use of enzymes or thermochemical processes that are still expensive. Despite technological advances, the conversion efficiency is still lower than that of first-generation ethanol, which affects production profitability. However, looking at future prospects, costs are expected to decrease as the technology matures and scales up, in addition to benefits from tax incentives and the growing demand for cleaner fuels. The production of 2G Ethanol can be crucial for countries aiming to meet decarbonization targets and achieve a greener energy transition. In summary, second-generation ethanol is considered a promising solution to global energy challenges, promoting more efficient use of biomass and reinforcing Brazil’s role as a global leader in biofuel production.
Análise de riscos em uma planta industrial de produção de poliuretano: aplicação da metodologia HAZOP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-14)
Rocco, Victor Capodaglio
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Ferreira Palhares, Adriana Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-1973
The polyurethane production process, despite being well known and carried out for a long time and consisting of few steps, it is still a difficult process to control due to the nature of its formation reaction; and it presents significant risks, both of significant material damage and of harm to the lives of exposed people. In view of this scenario, a risk analysis for an industrial production plant of such a product is essential to identify, evaluate and control the hazards of this activity in order to protect the integrity of workers and production facilities. Based on this, this study aims to identify possible failure scenarios or deviations from the desired conditions that may compromise the safety of the process using the HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) analysis methodology, and thus propose effective measures to mitigate and control the identified risks. As a result of this study, 5 critical and 9 severe scenarios were identified, totaling 54% of the scenarios analyzed, all of them having suggestions on how to mitigate those risks. This made clear the importance of safety analysis for the development of this process and the complexity of a complete analysis for the satisfactory safety of an installation of this type.