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Grafos Eulerianos e Hamiltonianos: fundamentos e aplicações da teoria dos grafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Bueno, Maryane Pellegrino; Fagundes, Pedro Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3700587815257392
This work aims to present the fundamentals of Graph Theory, with an emphasis on Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, highlighting their main properties, theorems, and practical applications. Beginning with the analysis of the Königsberg bridge problem, it introduces the origins and foundational concepts that gave rise to Graph Theory. Eulerian graphs are studied based on Euler’s Theorem and Fleury’s Algorithm, while hamiltonian graphs are studied through theorems, especially Ore’s Theorem, as well as other relevant criteria. In the final section, classical applications are discussed, such as the shortest path problem, the Chinese postman problem, and the traveling salesman problem, demonstrating the practical relevance of Graph Theory in everyday contexts. The study seeks to consolidate understanding of these concepts and encourage further exploration in the field.
Determinação do consumo de água de planta ananicante de limão Tahiti por lisímetro de pesagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Nogueira, Vitor Fernando; Bizari, Douglas Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0558728017553792
This study quantified the water demand of dwarfing 'Tahiti' lime plants (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) grafted onto IAC 10/152 rootstock, using weighing lysimetry in a protected environment. The experiment, conducted in Araras-SP (2020–2024), monitored biometric parameters (height, canopy projection area) and agrometeorological variables, correlating them with crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the crop coefficient (Kc). The results indicated an average water consumption of 139.30 mm, with peaks of up to 1,077.91 mm during the productive phase, and an exponential relationship between canopy area and ETc (R² = 0.853). The average Kc was 0.60, varying seasonally: minimum (0.21–0.31) during the initial stage/winter and maximum (>1.0, reaching 1.66) at maturation/spring-summer. Vegetative growth proved sensitive to climatic seasonality, with greater development at temperatures >23°C and high solar radiation (23–35 MJ), while winters with significant thermal amplitude (3–37.4°C) reduced the growth rate. It is concluded that the irrigation management of dwarfing 'Tahiti' lime should consider canopy expansion and phenological variations for water optimization, with Kc adjustable according to the phenological stage.
O uso das TDICs na área de CALL: um estudo de caso sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem de língua inglesa em uma escola online
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Franchi-Mello, Ana; Silva, Vera Lúcia Teixeira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4421134009136228; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5154342559094297; Buscato Martins, Teresa Helena; Onodera, Jorge; Yokota, Rosa; Gattolin, Sandra Regina Buttros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6116588045452081; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1792228739852900; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
This study aims to investigate the process of teaching and learning English in an online school setting (Krashen 1982, Ellis 1994, Swain 1985, Vygotsky 1934). It seeks to understand how students perceive their learning, the facilitators and obstacles they encounter while learning English, taking into account Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICTs), based on the field of CALL in a specific Online School (Garret 2009, Leffa 2006, Finardi & Porcino 2014, Martins & Moreira 2012, Ribeiro 2016, 2020, 2021, Coscarelli 2022, Carvalho, Sataka & Rozenfeld 2023, Rabello 2021). A qualitative-interpretative approach was chosen, in the form of a case study (Yin, 2005). Data collection involved non-participant observation with field notes, questionnaires with teachers and students, and documentary sources (Lakatos & Marconi, 2003). Once collected, the data were triangulated, discussed, and analyzed. The study presents a description of the process of learning the English language through the DICTs used in CALL-based classes, from the perspective of students regarding their language development and the teacher's perception of their teaching approach. Learning English in an online language school can offer a contextualized and convenient approach for students, allowing them the opportunity to develop language skills at their own pace. However, it is essential that teachers adapt to the demands of the virtual environment by adopting effective teaching strategies and fostering meaningful interaction (Barros Nunes, 2009). Overcoming the inherent challenges of online teaching is crucial to ensuring a rich and successful learning experience for students. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing discussions about the role of online English teaching through DICTs within the field of CALL.
Doses de Flobond® no crescimento inicial de mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar sob estresse hídrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Bezerra, João Vitor da Silva; Bizari, Douglas Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0558728017553792
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the most prominent crops in Brazil, playing a key role in agribusiness, especially in the production of bioenergy, ethanol, and sugar. However, the sugarcane production sector faces issues such as declining yields and reduced longevity of plantations, which has increased the search for techniques to improve crop productivity. In this context, one technology that may help address this bottleneck is the use of sugarcane MPBs (Pre-Sprouted Seedlings), which ensure quality, health, and traceability at a lower short-term cost. Nevertheless, in order to raise productivity levels, the application of plant stimulants is necessary, aiming at quantitative increases in production, growth under water stress, and longer survival periods. Thus, four treatments were designated: Treatment 1 received no dose of the product and served as a “control”; Treatment 2 received a dose equivalent to 2L of the product per hectare; Treatment 3: 4L; and Treatment 4: 8L, respectively, after the MPB planting in a greenhouse. The following parameters were evaluated: stalk diameter, plant height growth over time, number of tillers, and plant survival after planting. The experimental design was completely randomized with 12 replications, totaling 48 plots. The averages obtained were subjected to Tukey's test (5%). Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed no significant differences in the initial growth of seedlings under the experimental conditions; however, Treatment 4 showed significant differences in seedling survival, followed by Treatments 3 and 2.
Compreensão leitora nos anos iniciais: uma análise de pesquisas contemporâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Almeida, Maria Clara de; Daibello, Cláudia de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8700765073529757; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-6471; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9913805266714856
Reading comprehension is a complex skill developed through social interactions, and it is fostered by dialogue and critical thinking, as indicated by Vygotsky (2001), Bakhtin (1997), and Solé (1998). This competence goes beyond the mere decoding of symbols, involving more elaborate linguistic and cognitive processes. In the early years of elementary education, its development can be enhanced through intentional teacher mediation, in contrast to traditional approaches based on memorization and repetition. This undergraduate thesis aims to analyze, through a qualitative and bibliographic approach, the contributions of contemporary research on reading comprehension in the early years of elementary school. Specifically, it seeks to: (1) investigate how recent studies conceive reading as a discursive and cognitive practice; (2) identify pedagogical strategies considered effective for developing reading competence; and (3) examine the role of teacher mediation and assessments in the meaning-making process. Sixteen scientific texts were analyzed and organized into three thematic categories. The results indicate that reading comprehension depends on the articulation of meaningful pedagogical practices, reading strategies at different stages (before, during, and after reading), and a teaching approach that considers language as social and interactive. It is concluded that teacher mediation is essential for creating conditions that promote reflective and critical reading, contributing to the formation of autonomous and participative readers.
Destino de frações minerais do nitrogênio (15N) em reservatórios do solo afetado pelo tipo de preparo: experimento de longa duração em Botucatu, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Callegari, Gustavo Prezotto; Mariano, Eduardo Dal Ava; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2077357454631257; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-1920; Silva, Gustavo Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6552329435195250; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-2814; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2247745126525886
The intensification of agriculture demands improved nutrient use efficiency, particularly for nitrogen (N), which is essential for plant growth but highly prone to environmental losses. In this context, understanding N dynamics in the soil is fundamental for the development of more sustainable management systems. The choice between conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) can significantly influence N transformation and retention processes, due to their contrasting effects on soil structure, microbial activity, and organic matter. This study aimed to evaluate N dynamics in soil under CT and NT systems, using nitrate- and ammonium-based forms of N as tracers, applied through fertilizers enriched with the stable isotope ¹⁵N. The focus was not on the agronomic performance of the N sources themselves, but rather on their role as tools to trace the fate of N in the soil under different management systems. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a 2×3×7 factorial scheme, being two management systems (SD and PC), three N sources [control – without N, ammonium [(¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄] and nitrate (K¹⁵NO₃)] and seven evaluation times evaluation (0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, and 42 days after the application of nitrogen sources). Soil samples were incubated in the laboratory and analyzed for total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen (MN), total organic nitrogen (TON), pH, and ¹⁵N isotopic abundance. Results showed that CT promoted faster incorporation of fertilizer N into the soil, with a 21% higher contribution of nitrogen derived from the fertilizer (Ndff) in the total N pool. However, N losses were 38% greater with the ammonium source compared to the nitrate source under CT. In contrast, NT presented 21% higher concentrations of total and organic N, indicating a greater accumulation and long-term retention of nitrogen. It was concluded that, although CT facilitates faster N incorporation, NT is more effective in building and conserving soil N pools, contributing to agro-environmental sustainability. The isotopic technique was essential to elucidate these dynamics, highlighting the critical role of management systems and N forms in fertilization efficiency and mitigation of environmental losses.
Caracterização agronômica e físico-química de híbridos de melancia (Citrullus lanatus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Santos, Ádely de Cássia Xavier dos; Sala, Fernando César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202; França, Christiane de Fátima Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0406702644219281; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1558-7476; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2425163223698856
This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of 19 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) hybrids, including two commercial hybrids used as checks—Top Gun from Syngenta (36A) and Granada from Feltrin (95A)—with the objective of identifying materials with greater cultivation potential and better pulp quality, providing important information to support breeding programs. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences Center of UFSCar – Araras Campus. The parameters evaluated were: instrumental color (L*, C*, and h°) and pulp firmness, longitudinal (LD) and equatorial (ED) diameters (cm), shape index (LD/ED), fruit weight (kg), rind thickness (cm), soluble solids content (°Brix), average number of fruits per plant, and estimated yield. Significant variability was observed among the hybrids, with 10584, 10571, and 10627 standing out for high productivity, while 10578, 10583, and 10650 showed greater rind thickness, suggesting better resistance to transport. Instrumental color analysis showed that hybrids 10578 and 10627 exhibited redder pulp coloration, an important factor in consumer preference. These results suggest that some hybrids have potential for use in breeding programs, as they exhibit characteristics that meet consumer market demands.
Os rótulos e estigmas como uma barreira na efetivação da empregabilidade das Pessoas com Deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Boniholi, Gabriela Ishikawa; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6772247377063319; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-9175
The inclusion of people with disabilities in the labor market faces multiple barriers, which manifest in both institutional and organizational dimensions. These obstacles hinder the effective implementation of public policies and may include lack of accessibility, insufficient professional training, prejudice, and social stigma. This study was developed through the analysis of statements from different actors involved in the inclusion process — people with disabilities, their family members, representatives of hiring companies, and professionals from intermediary organizations. This is a qualitative research study, exploratory and descriptive in nature, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with 219 participants in six Brazilian cities selected for their prominent role in employability programs promoted by the Apaes. The results revealed that, although there have been advances and a growing recognition of the benefits of inclusion, prejudice still persists as a significant obstacle, often in subtle forms, influencing opportunities for hiring and career progression. Furthermore, the research highlighted the importance of considering family-related factors, the need to improve inclusion policies and management practices, and the crucial role of support organizations in developing more effective employability programs.
Espectroscopia micro-Raman e machine-learning aplicados ao mineral zircão: estudo dos efeitos de radiação e de annealing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Matias, Eduardo Poltronieri; Dias, Airton Natanael Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070166380084691; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3782-7293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5252046504953097
Minerals such as apatite, zircon, epidote, and muscovite contain uranium and thorium in parts per million (ppm), making them suitable for thermochronological dating methods such as Fission Track Thermochronology (FTT). In these minerals, uranium and thorium atoms may undergo spontaneous fission or decay, producing structural modifications that interfere with diffusion kinetics, chemical etching, and annealing processes. Based on this premise, this Final Undergraduate Project expands the discussion within the FTT and Materials Science communities by investigating the effects of radiation and thermal annealing on the crystal lattice of zircon. In addition to conventional Raman spectral analysis, an algorithm was developed to process large amounts of spectral data efficiently. This new approach, combined with traditional methodologies, provided robust statistical insights. The results showed that thermal annealing was able to recover approximately 92% of the detectable structural damage, while the irradiated sample presented only minor residual defects. Analysis of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ν₁(SiO₄) Raman band effectively distinguished different crystallographic states, with the natural sample (Fossil) showing greater disorder. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of structural transformations in minerals subjected to geological and thermochronological processes. The integration of Raman spectroscopy with machine-learning algorithms proved to be an effective and reproducible method for characterizing crystal damage and recovery. Such a methodological framework offers promising applications in refining annealing models and improving the calibration of thermochronological techniques.
Análise comparativa de métodos de aprendizado profundo para predição de preços de contratos futuros de milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Trevisan, Cauê Bonfim; Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
Deep learning is a modern machine learning approach widely used to solve complex and evolving problems. This work presents a comparative analysis of different deep learning models applied to the prediction of price variations in corn futures contracts. The methodology involves testing multiple architectures for each model, selecting the best configurations, and subsequently comparing them to a baseline model built on a simple forecasting heuristic. The main contribution of this study is to deepen the understanding of the applicability of deep learning models in financial time series forecasting, with potential extensions to other domains. The results were satisfactory, with convolutional and recurrent models consistently outperforming the baseline, while the LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory Neural Network) model delivered lower-than-expected performance, highlighting the impact of architectural complexity in scenarios with more limited datasets.
Probabilidade geométrica: explorando o problema da agulha de Buffon para o Ensino Médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-16) Santos, Maria Clara do Carmo; Dias, Teresa Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0187724276640668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6277824740372676
In this Final Course Work addresses fundamental concepts of Probability, including its definitions: classical, frequentist and subjective. In addition, conditional probability and Bayes’ Theorem are presented, with their respective definitions, demonstrations and examples. The main focus of the work is the study of geometric probability, explored through the Buffon needle problem. Throughout the chapters, theoretical studies are presented, the demonstration, in a practical and illustrative way, of the Buffon needle problem and possible activities for application in High School. The objective is to offer an educational approach to this problem, enabling its application in the classroom in Basic Education, seeking to complement the teaching of Probability in a comprehensive manner, stimulating students’ reasoning and probabilistic thinking.