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Programa de orientação parental em Terapia Ocupacional para auxiliar o cuidador principal no cotidiano das famílias de crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno Opositor Desafiador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Bontempo, Kaíla da Silva
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-2767
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9312289383031268
Introduction: Children and adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) exhibit challenging, antisocial behaviors and difficulties with self-regulation, which compromise family routines and directly impact family members. Objective: To develop a parental guidance program in Occupational Therapy based on the analysis of caregivers’ profiles, their perceptions of the disorder’s impact on family life, the clinical conditions of children/adolescents with ODD, and the existing literature. Methodology: The research comprised three studies: Study 1 consisted of a literature review covering the last three years in the CAPES Portal, using English and Portuguese descriptors—“Oppositional Defiant Disorder,” “Family,” and “Occupational Therapy”—combined with the Boolean operator “and”; Study 2 analyzed the four profile of caregivers treated at a CAPSi through a descriptive-exploratory design, using standardized instruments to assess the behaviors of children and adolescents with ODD and parental sense of competence, as well as a semi-structured interview to explore the impact of symptoms on family routines; Study 3 involved the development of the PROPTO-ODD program through the integration of literature findings and data on caregivers’ daily lives, allowing contextual adjustments to the initial proposal. The program was organized into progressive modules with defined objectives, core content, practical activities, and support materials, based on three criteria: scientific relevance, practical pertinence to families’ real demands, and feasibility within Occupational Therapy. Results and Discussion: The systematic review (Study 1) identified 12 types of interventions for managing ODD, mostly centered on parent–child relationships and predominantly conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists, with varied approaches and an increasing focus on caregivers. Despite advances and growing interdisciplinarity, important gaps remain, particularly the lack of culturally adapted programs for the Brazilian context and the limited presence of Occupational Therapy. Study 2 showed that caregivers of children and adolescents with ODD treated at the CAPSi experience high physical and emotional burden, marked by socioeconomic vulnerability, low parental self-efficacy, and significant psychological distress. Symptom severity, coupled with limited support networks, intensifies caregiver burnout and restricts engagement in meaningful activities and self-care. Study 3 presents PROPTO-ODD as an original Occupational Therapy intervention focused on improving participation in meaningful family occupations. Final Considerations: Study 1 highlights critical gaps in the literature and underscores the need for contextualized programs; Study 2 emphasizes caregiver overload and low self-efficacy, reinforcing the importance of psychosocial support and daily routine reorganization; Study 3 introduces PROPTO-ODD as a unique Occupational Therapy contribution that integrates behavior management, routine restructuring, and activity-based therapeutic strategies. Together, the studies demonstrate the need for culturally sensitive and integrated interventions in the care of children and adolescents with ODD, considering symptoms, family dynamics, and social vulnerabilities. Thus, the program emerges as a powerful strategy to enhance care within the CAPSi by strengthening family bonds, autonomy, and daily practices in managing ODD.
Efeitos de consequências programadas e do monitoramento sobre a manutenção do seguimento de regras discrepantes em pessoas com comportamentos depressivos autorrelatados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Zapparoli, Heloísa Ribeiro
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Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-8330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4073066056609325
Excessive rule-following is considered central to psychological suffering, but evidence for this relation remains scarce and inconclusive. Two studies investigated the effects of variables on the maintenance of discrepant rule-following in individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms. In Study 1, the effects of programmed consequences of gain or loss were evaluated. Sixty undergraduate students were classified in levels of symptom (high or low) based on questionnaire scores and distributed across gain and loss conditions, forming four groups. The task consisted of selecting one of two comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual cue (i.e., a green or red circle). A rule instructed participants to choose the most similar stimulus in the presence of green and the most different in the presence of red. In the gain condition, one point was earned per correct response; in the loss condition, one point was lost per error. Four blocks of 20 trials were conducted. In the odd blocks the contingencies corresponded to the rule. In the even blocks they turned discrepant, without signaling. Greater abandonment of discrepant rules was observed in the loss condition, regardless of symptom levels. Study 2 assessed the effect of monitoring under loss contingencies. Thirty-two undergraduates, also classified by symptom levels, performed a similar task. Monitoring was introduced in one discrepant block. Half of the participants were monitored in the first discrepant block and the other half in the second. Greater maintenance of rule-following occurred when monitoring was present in the first discrepant block, persisting into the subsequent discrepant block without monitoring specially among participants with high symptom levels. Results suggest that rule-following tends to decrease when it produces loss of reinforcement, regardless of the level of symptoms, but this effect can be reversed when initial contact with contingency change occurs under monitoring. The complexity of what is considered depression is discussed along with the possibility that excessive rule-following may be relevant only in some cases, but not in a generic way.
Projeto e caracterização de um protótipo de máquina automatizada para a soldagem TIG de reservatórios de sistemas de aquecimento solar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Prado, Thiago Moraes
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Santos, Rafael Formenton Macedo
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4633070062558887
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Araujo, Luis Antonio Oliveira
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3639906702064630
Process automation is an activity with significant potential for economic growth through improvements in repeatability, increased productivity, among other factors. In the Brazilian context, there are numerous companies with a high potential for automation. This work presented the development of the EMBRAPII–UFSCar – Materials project, No. 23112.014919/2020-71, which aimed at the design and construction of an automated machine prototype for TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding of tanks used in solar water heating systems. The prototype validation was carried out through the characterization of the results obtained from the automated welding operation. During the project development, a mechatronic product development strategy was adopted, combining the principles of the VDI 2206 standard with product development models described in national references, such as Back (1983) and Rozenfeld et al. (2006). This strategy was structured into iterative cycles in an attempt to achieve optimal technical solutions. The prototype was designed to have four degrees of freedom, driven by servomotors, with the capability to weld tanks up to 3 m in length and 1 m in diameter. To ensure that the TIG torch maintained the appropriate welding distance, considering the irregularities caused by the radial runout of the tank, an optical sensor integrated with the torch positioning system was employed. The technical validation of the prototype was performed through mechanical and metallographic tests, focusing on the characterization of the quality of welded joints in comparison with manual and automated welding processes. This study not only incorporated data from Coroa (2023) and Cherubim (2024) regarding metallographic analyses of manual and automated welds, but also complemented these results through imaging and surface microhardness studies. The results indicated the presence of equiaxed and homogeneous microstructures in both the base material and the automated welds, favoring isotropic behavior and tensile strength. In contrast, oriented columnar (or dendritic) microstructures, typical of manual welding, were identified, exhibiting higher local hardness but lower overall mechanical performance due to anisotropy and stress concentration in interdendritic regions. It was concluded that the main objective was achieved, since the conceptual design development and the construction of an automated prototype machine for TIG welding of tanks used in solar water heating systems were successfully carried out.
Efeitos agudos da técnica de empilhamento de ar na função pulmonar de indivíduos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Pereira, Henrique Chiodi
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Oliveira-Costa, Ester Laura Cordeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2530781500200557
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https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9107-259X
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Garcia-Araujo, Adriana Sanches
Air stacking (AS) is a lung expansion technique that uses positive pressure in the respiratory system, promoting an increase in lung volume. However, a complete pulmonary function assessment to evaluate the effects of this technique allows the identification of changes in important variables such as gas diffusion. Objectives: To assess the acute effects of the AS technique on pulmonary function in apparently healthy individuals, and to evaluate the association between the effects of air stacking on pulmonary function and heart rate variability. Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial with apparently healthy individuals over 18 years of age, of both sexes. Participants underwent a one-day assessment and were then allocated into two possible groups: AS3x5 or control group. Both groups underwent pulmonary function testing through whole-body plethysmography, and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment using a heart rate monitor. On the same day, the intervention was carried out, consisting of the application of air stacking using an Ambu device attached to a mask and a positive expiratory pressure valve, in 3 sets of 5 repetitions. The difference between the groups was in the breath-holding phase of each set, as the control group was not instructed to sustain (hold) the air provided in each cycle. Results and Discussion: A total of 28 apparently healthy individuals participated in the study, with 15 in the Air Stacking (AS) group and 13 in the control group. The mean age was 21 years in both groups, with no significant differences in weight or height between them. Regarding pulmonary function variables, no significant differences were observed after the intervention in either group. Associations were found between RR intervals (Mean RR), which showed a positive correlation with FVC and FEV1. The RMSSD index also showed a positive correlation with FEV1, TLC, and the RV/TLC ratio, while SD1 was positively correlated with FVC, FEV1, TLC, and RV/TLC. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that air stacking (AS) in apparently healthy individuals did not produce acute increases in most pulmonary function variables, except for functional residual capacity after 20 minutes of technique application. Additionally, FVC and FEV1 were associated with greater data complexity and parasympathetic activity in HRV.
COVID Longa não prejudica as respostas hemodinâmicas, vasculares ou autonômicas ao exercício máximo: estudo estratificado por sexo em adultos jovens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Rodrigues, Carla Nascimento dos Santos
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6229
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-9481
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Pereira, Guilherme Borges
Long COVID (LC) is a multisystemic post-viral condition, prevalent among females, and frequently associated with fatigue, exercise intolerance, and autonomic dysfunction. Although clinical reports suggest residual cardiovascular impairments, few studies employing standardized methodologies have investigated, in a sex-stratified manner, the physiological responses to maximal exercise-induced stress. This study aimed to analyze hemodynamic, autonomic, and functional responses during and up to 24 hours after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in young adults with and without LC, with an emphasis on sex-related differences. This was an observational, controlled, and stratified study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos (CAAE: 65086622.5.0000.5504). A total of 38 young adults participated (18 LC and 20 controls [CON]), categorized by biological sex as female (F) and male (M): LC-F, LC-M, CON-F, and CON-M. The protocol included hemodynamic and autonomic monitoring at rest, during, and after CPET, as well as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The following variables were assessed: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx@75%), heart rate variability (HRV), and peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak). Measurements were collected at rest, at exercise peak, and at multiple recovery time points (immediately, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours post-exercise). Female participants were evaluated between the late follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, with 75% using oral hormonal contraceptives. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (v.4.1.2), employing Student’s t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, two- and three-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. Normality and homogeneity were verified using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and 95% CI, with effect size (Cohen’s d) and a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the main physiological differences were more closely associated with biological sex than with clinical status (LC vs. CON). At rest, no significant differences were observed among groups for most hemodynamic or functional variables. The primary distinction emerged during post-exercise recovery. The only variable differing between clinical groups was the 24-hour mean SBP, which was lower in the LC-F subgroup compared with CON-F (104.0 ± 13.3 vs. 107.3 ± 11.5 mmHg; p = 0.027). In conclusion, in this sample of physically active young adults, the presence of LC did not result in clinically relevant alterations in cardiovascular, autonomic, or functional responses to maximal exercise. Biological sex emerged as the main modulator of physiological responses, underscoring the importance of sex stratification in studies of post-viral conditions.
Um novo modelo de sobrevivência com fração de cura: inferência, diagnóstico e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Cruz, Renan de Oliveira da
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-4694
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3659034059499394
Survival models with a cure rate are essential when a portion of individuals does not experience the event of interest during follow-up. In many settings, it is assumed that unobservable latent causes exist which, upon activation, may trigger the event; this activation mechanism can link the outcome to the first cause, the last cause, or one selected at random. In this work, we study cure rate models that combine Weibull failure times with the discrete Bilal distribution for the number of latent causes. Parameter estimation is conducted under both classical and Bayesian approaches, and performance is assessed through simulation studies and an application to real data. The analysis also employs Cox--Snell residuals as a diagnostic tool, underscoring the role of residual assessment in this context. Within the Bayesian framework, we use model comparison criteria and case-deletion influence analysis. Taken together, the results highlight the usefulness of the proposed family in capturing latent heterogeneity and distinct activation mechanisms, offering a flexible and interpretable alternative for biomedical and/or industrial applications.
República e contemporaneidade: em busca do Ethos Republicano-Democrático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Santos, Marcos Antonio Gonçalves dos
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5964-3586
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9756619267774446
The field of education seems to have given preference to the debate concerning democracy over that which refers to issues of the republic. Many works have been devoted to explaining and promoting a certain democratic ethos within the school context; however, it seems to us that there has been a certain neglect of what would constitute the republican ethos. The latter is centered on the common good—that is, the idea of what is public and of collective interest—understood as the very essence of politics. Through a genealogical inspiration, we seek to demonstrate that the rise of the animal laborans and the implementation of the new neoliberal art of government (biopolitics/governmentality) have dissolved or gravely corrupted the ideal represented by the Republic. Neoliberal rationality, through its governmentality, has been the major obstacle preventing the field of education from teaching and promoting what we could call the republican-democratic ethos. Therefore, we defend the thesis of the need to create what we refer to as a Republican-Democratic Ethos.
Segmentação de vasos sanguíneos com poucos dados via transferência de informação de forma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Galvão, Wesley Nogueira
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Comin, Cesar Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4982
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3164765403744408
Blood vessel segmentation is an essential task in various areas of biomedicine, such as ophthalmology and neurology. However, this task poses a significant challenge due to the scarcity of large annotated datasets, which consequently makes the manual annotation of new samples for training efficient deep learning models a costly endeavor. Transfer learning techniques have shown promise in overcoming these limitations, allowing the reuse of representations learned in one domain to improve performance in another, even when few examples are available in the target domain. The central hypothesis indicates that leveraging a shape prior of vessel-like forms, such as their tubular and branching characteristics, can lead to more robust and data-efficient models. In this context, this dissertation investigates the transfer of shape representations from a synthetic domain to the segmentation of medical images in a few-shot regime. To this end, we introduce VessShape, a methodology for generating a large-scale synthetic dataset designed to instill a strong shape bias in segmentation models. VessShape images combine procedurally generated tubular geometries with a wide variety of textures, encouraging models to learn shape cues over appearance features. The models pre-trained with VessShape were then fine-tuned and evaluated on two real-world datasets from different domains. The results demonstrate that the approach achieves strong segmentation performance in few-shot scenarios, requiring only a small number of samples for fine-tuning. Additionally, the models demonstrate a significant zero-shot learning capability, proving able to segment vessels in unseen domains without any target-specific training. These results support that pre-training with a strong shape bias constitutes an effective strategy to overcome data scarcity and enhance generalization in blood vessel segmentation.
Estratégias quimiométricas utilizando espectroscopia vibracional e imagens digitais para análise de sal do Himalaia, açúcar mascavo e azeite de dendê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Melo, Welem de Oliveira Santiago de
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4178212934295218
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-8401
Vibrational spectroscopy and digital imaging techniques, when combined with chemometric analysis, are widely applicable in food analysis. The modification of food matrices, whether through derivatization, partitioning, pre-concentration, digestion, drying, or other processes, can help reduce the presence of interfering substances in the samples, thereby improving the analytical performance of vibrational spectroscopy. In this work, 3 applications are proposed: 1) evaluation of commercial Himalayan salt sam-ples using digital imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and pre-extraction of poorly soluble compounds for LIBS analysis; 2) assessment of Raman spectroscopy for detecting adulteration in brown sugar, as well as the potential of FTIR spectroscopy for discriminating samples based on poorly soluble compounds extracted from them; 3) evaluation of commercial palm oil samples by Raman spectroscopy.
“O ontem - o hoje - o agora”: r(existencia) de mulheres negras através da amamentação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Stofel, Natália Sevilha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2447361827796110
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5928-3477
Microbioma ruminal ativo de Nelore: efeitos da dieta e interações com emissão de metano, eficiência alimentar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Silva, Juliana Virginio da
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Andrade, Bruno Gabriel Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0951322873579960
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Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595338480545794
The growing global demand for beef, particularly from production systems in tropical regions, requires innovative strategies that enhance feed efficiency and reduce the environmental impacts of livestock. The ruminal microbiome plays a central role in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and the production of volatile fatty acids, which are the primary energy source for ruminants. In Brazil, the Nelore breed (Bos indicus) and its crossbreeds represent approximately 80% of the national herd. However, functional studies on the ruminal microbiome of this breed are still scarce. Advances in omics technologies now allow the investigation of how diet, the microbiome, and the host genome affect productive and environmental efficiency in beef cattle. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the activity of the ruminal microbiome in a population of 52 Nelore cattle subjected to two distinct diets (conventional and byproducts) and to integrate, in an unprecedented manner, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and rumen wall microRNA data. To achieve this, we set the following objectives: Characterize the active functional profile of the ruminal microbiome in response to different diets using metatranscriptomic data; Assess the taxonomic and functional composition of the active ruminal microbiome by integrating metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data; Associate the active microbiome with methane emissions and feed efficiency; Investigate the interaction between the active microbiome and the host genome by integrating rumen wall microRNA expression with functional and taxonomic information of the microbiome. Metatranscriptomic analyses revealed key functional shifts in the rumen microbiome, despite relatively stable taxonomic composition across diets. Dietary components directly influenced microbial metabolism. In the conventional diet group, most expressed functions were associated with the metabolism of readily fermentable carbohydrates such as starch and mannose, present in corn and soybean meal. In contrast, animals receiving the by-product diet exhibited microbial activities linked to the degradation of complex carbohydrates, such as the cellulose found in citrus pulp. Additionally, the inclusion of by-products favored alternative microbial pathways that compete with methanogenesis, such as the reductive acetogenesis pathway (e.g., tetrahydrofolate synthase), which can redirect H₂ and CO₂ toward acetate production. Increased expression of folylpolyglutamate synthase/dihydropteroate synthase was also observed, potentially indicating methionine limitation and reducing the availability of essential substrates for methanogenesis, such as methanofuran and methanopterin. To further deepen our understanding of the rumen microbiome, we constructed a rumen prokaryotic gene catalog that revealed taxonomic and functional differences between the total metagenome (Nelore Ruminal Prokaryotic Microbiome Genes – NRPMG) and its transcriptionally active fraction (active-Nelore Ruminal Prokaryotic Microbiome Genes – aNRPMG). These findings indicate that fermentative processes in the rumen are shaped primarily by the functional activity of microbial communities, rather than their mere presence. We also identified enzymes and taxa associated with methane emissions and feed efficiency. Among them, Carbohydrate Esterase family 20 (CE20), Glycoside Hydrolase family 15 (GH15), and the genera Monoglobus and Halosimplex emerged as potential indicators or modulators of host performance traits. Finally, the analysis of host–microbiome interactions revealed co-expression patterns among rumen wall microRNAs, enzymes, and active microbial genera, suggesting meaningful host–microbiome interplay. These microRNAs may modulate the gene expression of enzymes or microorganisms involved in specific metabolic functions, including lipid metabolism and host health processes. Overall, the findings of this thesis reinforce that the rumen microbiome should be understood not only through its composition but, more importantly, through its functional activity. The integrative approach adopted here highlights how the interplay among microbiome, host, and diet shapes key metabolic processes and underscores microbial and molecular targets with potential to support strategies aimed at mitigating methane emissions and improving feed efficiency in cattle raised in tropical environments.
Apoio à família da pessoa com altas habilidades ou superdotação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Braz, Paula Paulino
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Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-9745
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7708298574440290
Family support for the development of the potential of gifted individuals is recommended; however, disruptions in family dynamics and lack of support can generate conflicts, insecurities, and feelings of disorientation on the part of parents when faced with the emotional, social, and academic demands of their children. The guiding question of this research was: how has support for the families of gifted individuals been provided in different regions of Brazil, according to parents or guardians? The main objective was to understand how support is provided to families for gifted individuals in different regions of Brazil. The specific objectives were to identify the main demands related to the organization of work focused on families, maping the existing support and assistance by Brazilian regions, and develop a guidance manual for supporting the families of gifted individuals. The study was descriptive with a multi-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative procedures as complementary strategies for data analysis. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire sent to parents or guardians of gifted individuals in all regions of Brazil via social media. Twenty-nine family members participated of the research. The results pointed to a) common challenges faced by families, such as difficulty accessing reliable information about giftedness, lack of institutional support networks, the coordination among educational, health, and social services; b) lack of systematic and intersectoral actions to welcome and guide families which reinforces the need for more effective support strategies; c) most participants had favorable socioeconomic conditions and a good level of education; d) there were discrepancies in the support provided to families in different regions of Brazil; and e) based on the results obtained, a guide was created for the families of gifted individuals which provides guidance for family members and guardians with the aim of contributing to the realization of the educational, social, and emotional rights for gifted individuals and their families. It is hoped that this research will guide actions that enable families to receive the attention they need to welcome their highly skilled or gifted children.
Efeitos dos exercícios físicos no manejo dos sintomas não motores de pessoas com a doença de Parkinson: revisões sistemáticas e ensaio clínico controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Costa, Valton da Silva
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Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-3835
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Andrade, Larissa Pires de
This thesis is the result of four years of research within the Graduate Program in Physical Therapy on the topic of the effects of physical exercise in the management of non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The origin of these symptoms is multisystemic and involves aspects that affect mood, cognition, behavior, sleep, and autonomic and sensory functions. These symptoms, along with classic motor symptoms, negatively impact the quality of life of people with this condition. The objectives of the studies presented in this thesis were to investigate the clinical effects of physical exercise on these symptoms and identify the most effective exercise modalities. Furthermore, to investigate, for the first time, the effects of three types of upper limb (UL) physical exercises (resistance [RES], aerobic [AER], and task-specific training [TET]) and compare them to determine the most effective for NMS. The methodology of this thesis begins with systematic reviews and meta-analyses to achieve a comprehensive and up-to-date literature synthesis. In the experimental design, a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted with 37 individuals diagnosed with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3). The aim was to compare the effects of different modalities of UL physical exercises, performed over 8 weeks, in relation to a control group receiving usual care without physical exercise. Outcomes were assessed using specific scales of NMS of PD, as well as standardized cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessment instruments. To analyze the RCT data, we adopted robust statistical models to compare the effects of the interventions (mixed-effects models, nonparametric models, and post hoc tests). Meta-analyses results revealed significant clinical effects of physical exercises on general NMS, general and executive cognitive function, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep problems. Some modalities stood out, such as AER exercises for general NMS and depression, and mind-body exercises and RES for depression and anxiety. In the results of the RCT, betweengroup comparisons significantly demonstrated that UL physical exercises equally reduced overall NMS, cognitive dysfunction, and fatigue, though with different effect sizes. We observed that RES exercise was more effective in reducing symptoms of apathy and that TET was more effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety. Furthermore, within-group effects pointed to the clinical impact of RES exercise on general cognitive function, memory, visuospatial ability, depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and hallucinations; and of TET on executive function, depression, and hallucinations. Strengths and limitations of the methodology employed are discussed in this thesis. An important impact of this work is the need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals who care for people with PD about the existence and impact of NMS, as well as the possibility of using physical exercises to treat these symptoms. It is also expected that future clinical guidelines will begin to integrate this body of evidence on the use of physical exercises in the management of NMS, including UL exercises, into their recommendations. In this way, an important health need for people with PD will be met, contributing to improving functionality and health-related quality of life, and reducing the impacts on family members, caregivers, and the health system.
Jornada médica: panorama social e cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-26)
Dutra, Jhonatan Vinicius de Sousa
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Estevão, Isabeth da Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2932607007844855
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-3711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2192816159816911
Medical education is a complex and multifactorial process, marked by personal, social, and academic challenges. This work presents a reflection on the trajectory of a low-income medical student, highlighting the difficulties faced and overcome through family support, academic dedication, and involvement in extracurricular activities. The active learning methodology, a distinctive feature of the institution, proved fundamental in developing clinical reasoning, ethical-professional preparation, and medical identity. Scientific evidence on mental health, educational methodologies, and socioeconomic impacts were integrated, emphasizing the relevance of resilience, social support, and innovative pedagogical practices in shaping future physicians. The study demonstrates that the construction of professional identity goes beyond the accumulation of technical knowledge, encompassing ethical, emotional, and social dimensions.
Desenvolvimento pessoal e acadêmico no ciclo básico durante a pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-27)
Zambrana, Giovana Melo Chavez
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Del Ciampo, Ieda Regina Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6099153790836529
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-0221
Introduction: This work presents a reflective autobiographical narrative about the personal and academic development of a medical student from the Federal University of São Carlos during the pre-clinical years, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The text discusses the course methodology, the transition to remote learning, adaptation to the Emergency Remote Teaching (ENPE) format, the role of facilitators in the learning process, and the challenges of integrating theory and practice during the suspension of in-person activities. Objectives: To explore the developmental experiences of a medical student in the early years of the program, shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, remote learning, and social isolation. Methods: The methodology consisted of the construction of self-authored narratives based on reflective portfolios developed during the pre-clinical years, combined with a literature review about active learning, the Constructivist Spiral, the COVID-19 pandemic, and medical education. Conclusion: In summary, despite the measures adopted by the program during social isolation, several learning setbacks were observed, especially in real-life settings and practical skills. However, the text also highlights the development of autonomy, resilience, and critical thinking in response to the challenges imposed by the pandemic context.
Entre desafios e conquistas: uma reflexão sobre a trajetória acadêmica no curso de medicina da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-27)
Santos, Gabriel Giroldo dos
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Mattos, Augustus Tadeu Relo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2647316578139332
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-3575
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7691840771756981
This paper presents a reflective analysis of the academic journey throughout the Medical School at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The text is organized into three axes corresponding to the course cycles: Basic Cycle, Clinical Cycle, and Internship. It discusses the main challenges faced, practical experiences, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on my education, and the lessons that contributed to both personal and professional growth over six years of training. The work emphasizes not only the development of technical skills but also the humanistic training and emotional maturity that characterize medical practice.
Minha trajetória na medicina UFSCar: uma narrativa crítico-reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-28)
Moreira, Ítalo de Oliveira
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Nasser, Michel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1629054550833348
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-9784
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4169460922816446
This thesis aims to present a critical-reflective narrative of my medical education in a program based on the active learning methodology of the Constructivist Spiral and Problem-Based Learning (PBL). Through the account of my academic journey, the work seeks to analyze how active methodologies influenced knowledge construction, skills development, and the consolidation of medical identity, especially in the context of the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal experiences are articulated with theoretical frameworks in medical education, showing that the Constructivist Spiral fosters integration between theory and practice, enhances student autonomy, and promotes a critical, ethical, and socially committed medical training.
O ensino, pesquisa, extensão e permanência como pilares no curso de medicina: uma narrativa reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-28)
Carvalho, Carlos Henrique Araujo de
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Valete, Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3246791895201559
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4346
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4375133732966616
This is a history of the journey of a quota student in an elite medical program at a federal educational institution who faced several setbacks during his undergraduate studies, the most aggravating of which was his student retention. However, it is also a beautiful journey that permeates personal, professional, and scientific growth, interspersed with experiences that touch on important issues such as mental health and belonging. The appreciation of small acts is evident throughout the growth and difficulties experienced. Insecurities are addressed in a relaxed yet reflective manner, leading the reader to consider, if possible, their privileges and classes that go beyond those typically found within medicine.
Effect of cycling conditions on hydride stability of the Ti11Nb61Cr28 alloy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-28)
Dias, Gabriela Chimello Mayer
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Silva, Bruno Hessel
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Botta, Walter José
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Zepon, Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7085380229734116
Mensuração da empatia no cuidado neonatal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-28)
Pilati, Maria Clara Alves
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Valete, Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3246791895201559
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4346
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4599864083310220
This is a Final Course Work (TCC) with two components: a research project and a reflection on my medical school career. The objective of the study was to analyze the construct of clinical empathy in healthcare professionals working with low-risk neonatal patients. This cross-sectional study used the Jefferson Empathy Scale, Healthcare Professionals version, administered to 67 healthcare professionals in a maternity hospital in the interior of São Paulo state, from September to December 2023. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation was performed. The median empathy score was 116. Four factors were included: understanding patients' minds and body language, emotion and art, humor and empathy, and emotional bonds. No variables from the "putting patients' shoes" domain were included. Thirty-seven (55.2%) professionals reported not being influenced by strong personal bonds with patients and their families. The conclusion is that the ability to put newborns' shoes, and be influenced by strong personal bonds can improve.