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Efeitos agudos da técnica de empilhamento de ar na função pulmonar de indivíduos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23) Pereira, Henrique Chiodi; Oliveira-Costa, Ester Laura Cordeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2530781500200557; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9107-259X; Garcia-Araujo, Adriana Sanches; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0104886088821769; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-6240; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1687361360890022
Air stacking (AS) is a lung expansion technique that uses positive pressure in the respiratory system, promoting an increase in lung volume. However, a complete pulmonary function assessment to evaluate the effects of this technique allows the identification of changes in important variables such as gas diffusion. Objectives: To assess the acute effects of the AS technique on pulmonary function in apparently healthy individuals, and to evaluate the association between the effects of air stacking on pulmonary function and heart rate variability. Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial with apparently healthy individuals over 18 years of age, of both sexes. Participants underwent a one-day assessment and were then allocated into two possible groups: AS3x5 or control group. Both groups underwent pulmonary function testing through whole-body plethysmography, and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment using a heart rate monitor. On the same day, the intervention was carried out, consisting of the application of air stacking using an Ambu device attached to a mask and a positive expiratory pressure valve, in 3 sets of 5 repetitions. The difference between the groups was in the breath-holding phase of each set, as the control group was not instructed to sustain (hold) the air provided in each cycle. Results and Discussion: A total of 28 apparently healthy individuals participated in the study, with 15 in the Air Stacking (AS) group and 13 in the control group. The mean age was 21 years in both groups, with no significant differences in weight or height between them. Regarding pulmonary function variables, no significant differences were observed after the intervention in either group. Associations were found between RR intervals (Mean RR), which showed a positive correlation with FVC and FEV1. The RMSSD index also showed a positive correlation with FEV1, TLC, and the RV/TLC ratio, while SD1 was positively correlated with FVC, FEV1, TLC, and RV/TLC. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that air stacking (AS) in apparently healthy individuals did not produce acute increases in most pulmonary function variables, except for functional residual capacity after 20 minutes of technique application. Additionally, FVC and FEV1 were associated with greater data complexity and parasympathetic activity in HRV.
Um novo modelo de sobrevivência com fração de cura: inferência, diagnóstico e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23) Cruz, Renan de Oliveira da; Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-4694; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3659034059499394; Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura; Saraiva, Erlandson Ferreira; Tojeiro, Cynthia Arantes Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1890753837146343; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0747560262903586
Survival models with a cure rate are essential when a portion of individuals does not experience the event of interest during follow-up. In many settings, it is assumed that unobservable latent causes exist which, upon activation, may trigger the event; this activation mechanism can link the outcome to the first cause, the last cause, or one selected at random. In this work, we study cure rate models that combine Weibull failure times with the discrete Bilal distribution for the number of latent causes. Parameter estimation is conducted under both classical and Bayesian approaches, and performance is assessed through simulation studies and an application to real data. The analysis also employs Cox--Snell residuals as a diagnostic tool, underscoring the role of residual assessment in this context. Within the Bayesian framework, we use model comparison criteria and case-deletion influence analysis. Taken together, the results highlight the usefulness of the proposed family in capturing latent heterogeneity and distinct activation mechanisms, offering a flexible and interpretable alternative for biomedical and/or industrial applications.
Programa de orientação parental em Terapia Ocupacional para auxiliar o cuidador principal no cotidiano das famílias de crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno Opositor Desafiador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23) Bontempo, Kaíla da Silva; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-2767; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9312289383031268; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-188X; Ruzzi-Pereira, Andrea; Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian; Kappel, Veronica Borges; Campos Folha, Débora Ribeiro da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2764871991850142; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6866059358502469; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9888013532351574; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-0468; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3700-397X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6932-9977
Introduction: Children and adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) exhibit challenging, antisocial behaviors and difficulties with self-regulation, which compromise family routines and directly impact family members. Objective: To develop a parental guidance program in Occupational Therapy based on the analysis of caregivers’ profiles, their perceptions of the disorder’s impact on family life, the clinical conditions of children/adolescents with ODD, and the existing literature. Methodology: The research comprised three studies: Study 1 consisted of a literature review covering the last three years in the CAPES Portal, using English and Portuguese descriptors—“Oppositional Defiant Disorder,” “Family,” and “Occupational Therapy”—combined with the Boolean operator “and”; Study 2 analyzed the four profile of caregivers treated at a CAPSi through a descriptive-exploratory design, using standardized instruments to assess the behaviors of children and adolescents with ODD and parental sense of competence, as well as a semi-structured interview to explore the impact of symptoms on family routines; Study 3 involved the development of the PROPTO-ODD program through the integration of literature findings and data on caregivers’ daily lives, allowing contextual adjustments to the initial proposal. The program was organized into progressive modules with defined objectives, core content, practical activities, and support materials, based on three criteria: scientific relevance, practical pertinence to families’ real demands, and feasibility within Occupational Therapy. Results and Discussion: The systematic review (Study 1) identified 12 types of interventions for managing ODD, mostly centered on parent–child relationships and predominantly conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists, with varied approaches and an increasing focus on caregivers. Despite advances and growing interdisciplinarity, important gaps remain, particularly the lack of culturally adapted programs for the Brazilian context and the limited presence of Occupational Therapy. Study 2 showed that caregivers of children and adolescents with ODD treated at the CAPSi experience high physical and emotional burden, marked by socioeconomic vulnerability, low parental self-efficacy, and significant psychological distress. Symptom severity, coupled with limited support networks, intensifies caregiver burnout and restricts engagement in meaningful activities and self-care. Study 3 presents PROPTO-ODD as an original Occupational Therapy intervention focused on improving participation in meaningful family occupations. Final Considerations: Study 1 highlights critical gaps in the literature and underscores the need for contextualized programs; Study 2 emphasizes caregiver overload and low self-efficacy, reinforcing the importance of psychosocial support and daily routine reorganization; Study 3 introduces PROPTO-ODD as a unique Occupational Therapy contribution that integrates behavior management, routine restructuring, and activity-based therapeutic strategies. Together, the studies demonstrate the need for culturally sensitive and integrated interventions in the care of children and adolescents with ODD, considering symptoms, family dynamics, and social vulnerabilities. Thus, the program emerges as a powerful strategy to enhance care within the CAPSi by strengthening family bonds, autonomy, and daily practices in managing ODD.
Efeitos de consequências programadas e do monitoramento sobre a manutenção do seguimento de regras discrepantes em pessoas com comportamentos depressivos autorrelatados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23) Zapparoli, Heloísa Ribeiro; Cortez, Mariéle Diniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-8330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4073066056609325; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-0729; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; Strapasson, Bruno Angelo; Sampaio, Angelo Augusto Silva; Almeida, Paola Espósito de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5080386631573177; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5044336617103759; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8011068111808610; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-174X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-6182; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7154-0862
Excessive rule-following is considered central to psychological suffering, but evidence for this relation remains scarce and inconclusive. Two studies investigated the effects of variables on the maintenance of discrepant rule-following in individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms. In Study 1, the effects of programmed consequences of gain or loss were evaluated. Sixty undergraduate students were classified in levels of symptom (high or low) based on questionnaire scores and distributed across gain and loss conditions, forming four groups. The task consisted of selecting one of two comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual cue (i.e., a green or red circle). A rule instructed participants to choose the most similar stimulus in the presence of green and the most different in the presence of red. In the gain condition, one point was earned per correct response; in the loss condition, one point was lost per error. Four blocks of 20 trials were conducted. In the odd blocks the contingencies corresponded to the rule. In the even blocks they turned discrepant, without signaling. Greater abandonment of discrepant rules was observed in the loss condition, regardless of symptom levels. Study 2 assessed the effect of monitoring under loss contingencies. Thirty-two undergraduates, also classified by symptom levels, performed a similar task. Monitoring was introduced in one discrepant block. Half of the participants were monitored in the first discrepant block and the other half in the second. Greater maintenance of rule-following occurred when monitoring was present in the first discrepant block, persisting into the subsequent discrepant block without monitoring specially among participants with high symptom levels. Results suggest that rule-following tends to decrease when it produces loss of reinforcement, regardless of the level of symptoms, but this effect can be reversed when initial contact with contingency change occurs under monitoring. The complexity of what is considered depression is discussed along with the possibility that excessive rule-following may be relevant only in some cases, but not in a generic way.
República e contemporaneidade: em busca do Ethos Republicano-Democrático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23) Santos, Marcos Antonio Gonçalves dos; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5964-3586; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9756619267774446; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-4830; Silva, Flávio Caetano da; Moura, Taís Aparecida de; Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales; Silva, Hellen Cristina Xavier da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9808925706175685; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8605625866125060; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-8229; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-3531; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-8029; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8715-4229
The field of education seems to have given preference to the debate concerning democracy over that which refers to issues of the republic. Many works have been devoted to explaining and promoting a certain democratic ethos within the school context; however, it seems to us that there has been a certain neglect of what would constitute the republican ethos. The latter is centered on the common good—that is, the idea of what is public and of collective interest—understood as the very essence of politics. Through a genealogical inspiration, we seek to demonstrate that the rise of the animal laborans and the implementation of the new neoliberal art of government (biopolitics/governmentality) have dissolved or gravely corrupted the ideal represented by the Republic. Neoliberal rationality, through its governmentality, has been the major obstacle preventing the field of education from teaching and promoting what we could call the republican-democratic ethos. Therefore, we defend the thesis of the need to create what we refer to as a Republican-Democratic Ethos.
COVID Longa não prejudica as respostas hemodinâmicas, vasculares ou autonômicas ao exercício máximo: estudo estratificado por sexo em adultos jovens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23) Rodrigues, Carla Nascimento dos Santos; Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6229; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-9481; Pereira, Guilherme Borges; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0159911069166581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6229; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2747289455460487; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-8953; Cornachione, Anabelle Silva; Sene-Fiorese, Marcela; Speretta, Guilherme Fleury Fina; Souza, Markus Vinicius Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0547232657871313; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2133326757332883; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4518946333094830; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2989329210364477; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-9385; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-4667; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3474-1264; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8088-2423
Long COVID (LC) is a multisystemic post-viral condition, prevalent among females, and frequently associated with fatigue, exercise intolerance, and autonomic dysfunction. Although clinical reports suggest residual cardiovascular impairments, few studies employing standardized methodologies have investigated, in a sex-stratified manner, the physiological responses to maximal exercise-induced stress. This study aimed to analyze hemodynamic, autonomic, and functional responses during and up to 24 hours after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in young adults with and without LC, with an emphasis on sex-related differences. This was an observational, controlled, and stratified study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos (CAAE: 65086622.5.0000.5504). A total of 38 young adults participated (18 LC and 20 controls [CON]), categorized by biological sex as female (F) and male (M): LC-F, LC-M, CON-F, and CON-M. The protocol included hemodynamic and autonomic monitoring at rest, during, and after CPET, as well as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The following variables were assessed: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx@75%), heart rate variability (HRV), and peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak). Measurements were collected at rest, at exercise peak, and at multiple recovery time points (immediately, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours post-exercise). Female participants were evaluated between the late follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, with 75% using oral hormonal contraceptives. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (v.4.1.2), employing Student’s t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, two- and three-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. Normality and homogeneity were verified using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and 95% CI, with effect size (Cohen’s d) and a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the main physiological differences were more closely associated with biological sex than with clinical status (LC vs. CON). At rest, no significant differences were observed among groups for most hemodynamic or functional variables. The primary distinction emerged during post-exercise recovery. The only variable differing between clinical groups was the 24-hour mean SBP, which was lower in the LC-F subgroup compared with CON-F (104.0 ± 13.3 vs. 107.3 ± 11.5 mmHg; p = 0.027). In conclusion, in this sample of physically active young adults, the presence of LC did not result in clinically relevant alterations in cardiovascular, autonomic, or functional responses to maximal exercise. Biological sex emerged as the main modulator of physiological responses, underscoring the importance of sex stratification in studies of post-viral conditions.
Projeto e caracterização de um protótipo de máquina automatizada para a soldagem TIG de reservatórios de sistemas de aquecimento solar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23) Prado, Thiago Moraes; Santos, Rafael Formenton Macedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4633070062558887; Araujo, Luis Antonio Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3639906702064630; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7855774078844224; Silva, Rodrigo da; Lovo, João Fiore Parreira; Araujo, Luis Antonio Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3763016865133213; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1949993771432064; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3639906702064630
Process automation is an activity with significant potential for economic growth through improvements in repeatability, increased productivity, among other factors. In the Brazilian context, there are numerous companies with a high potential for automation. This work presented the development of the EMBRAPII–UFSCar – Materials project, No. 23112.014919/2020-71, which aimed at the design and construction of an automated machine prototype for TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding of tanks used in solar water heating systems. The prototype validation was carried out through the characterization of the results obtained from the automated welding operation. During the project development, a mechatronic product development strategy was adopted, combining the principles of the VDI 2206 standard with product development models described in national references, such as Back (1983) and Rozenfeld et al. (2006). This strategy was structured into iterative cycles in an attempt to achieve optimal technical solutions. The prototype was designed to have four degrees of freedom, driven by servomotors, with the capability to weld tanks up to 3 m in length and 1 m in diameter. To ensure that the TIG torch maintained the appropriate welding distance, considering the irregularities caused by the radial runout of the tank, an optical sensor integrated with the torch positioning system was employed. The technical validation of the prototype was performed through mechanical and metallographic tests, focusing on the characterization of the quality of welded joints in comparison with manual and automated welding processes. This study not only incorporated data from Coroa (2023) and Cherubim (2024) regarding metallographic analyses of manual and automated welds, but also complemented these results through imaging and surface microhardness studies. The results indicated the presence of equiaxed and homogeneous microstructures in both the base material and the automated welds, favoring isotropic behavior and tensile strength. In contrast, oriented columnar (or dendritic) microstructures, typical of manual welding, were identified, exhibiting higher local hardness but lower overall mechanical performance due to anisotropy and stress concentration in interdendritic regions. It was concluded that the main objective was achieved, since the conceptual design development and the construction of an automated prototype machine for TIG welding of tanks used in solar water heating systems were successfully carried out.