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Modelagem matemática das etapas de pré-tratamento hidrotérmico e hidrólise enzimática da palha da cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-09) Sobral, Beatriz Moraes; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028; ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9407939075077544; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6525-6757; Sousa Junior, Ruy de; Nucci, Edson Romano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274582376583918
The production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, such as sugarcane straw, requires the inclusion of additional process steps to release the sugars (monomers, glucose and xylose) that will later be converted into ethanol via the fermentative pathway. The first of these two steps, known as the pretreatment step, promotes the disruption of the cell wall, reducing biomass recalcitrance through the removal or modification of lignin, an increase in surface area and porosity, as well as a decrease in cellulose crystallinity. These modifications aim to make cellulose and hemicellulose more accessible to the enzymes used in the second step of the process, enzymatic hydrolysis. The objective of this work was to implement, in the Scilab software, phenomenological mathematical models that could describe the hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis steps of sugarcane straw. Once the temperature (T) and time (t) parameters for the hydrothermal pretreatment stage had been defined, linear regression models were fitted to estimate the severity factor (SF) and the mass yield (MY). Based on this information, the composition of the solid fraction of the pretreated biomass can be obtained by integrating the differential equations resulting from the mass balances of the components released from the biomass during the pretreatment process. All degradation kinetics are assumed to be first order. Subsequently, the composition of the solid fraction is used as input for the enzymatic hydrolysis model, which, once the reaction time and the concentration of the enzymatic extract are provided, estimates the composition of sugars (glucose and xylose) in the liquid fraction. The experimental data used to fit the models were obtained from experiments carried out by the research group of the Laboratory for the Development and Automation of Bioprocesses (LaDABio) and of the Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering (LEB), both in Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos. According to the results of this study, splitting the cellulose and hemicellulose into reactive and non-reactive parts optimised the description of their degradation profile during pretreatment. Moreover, the graphical method produced promising results for the severity factor estimation, with relative errors of less than 5% for each condition. Regarding enzymatic hydrolysis, the simplified model more accurately characterised the experimental data than the detailed model. Taken together, the most appropriate scenario for the hydrothermal pre-treatment of sugarcane straw is operating at an isothermal temperature of 195 °C for 10 minutes.
Construção de redes complexas de interações entre SNPs: uma abordagem computacional e estatística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-09) Lucca, Rafaela Miglinski; Cerqueira, Andressa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1934493281651316; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-9253; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5388923248394598; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8161-6311; Soler, Júlia Maria; Caetano, Sabrina Luzia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2947693375237766; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2340330162391128; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-8574; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3741-8190
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most common form of genetic variation in the human genome and have been extensively studied due to their impact on phenotypic traits and susceptibility to complex diseases. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded important discoveries by testing each SNP marginally, this approach tends to overlook dependencies between loci, a phenomenon known as epistasis, which may leave part of the phenotypic genetic variance unexplained. To address this limitation, the present work proposes a two-step approach for identifying SNP–SNP interactions associated with blood glucose levels (mg/dL). In the first step, simple linear regression models are fitted to pre-select SNPs with the strongest evidence of marginal association with the phenotype. In the second step, Interaction Forests are applied to the selected subset to rank SNP pairs according to their interaction effect, as quantified by the Effect Importance Measure (EIM). Prioritized pairs are subsequently validated using linear regression models with interaction terms. Missing SNPs were imputed using Markov chains and recombination fractions, and the data were obtained from the ISA-Capital study, comprising 698 genotyped participants and 324,471 SNPs after quality control. Simulation results demonstrated that Interaction Forests consistently recovered pairs with artificially introduced interactions under both quantitative and qualitative scenarios. In the application to real data, the regression-based pre-selection strategy (Case 3) yielded the lowest interaction p-values among the three approaches evaluated, with pairs reaching p < 10^-15, and enabled the construction of SNP interaction networks with connected components and identifiable cycles. These findings reinforce the potential of the proposed methodology for detecting epistasis in high-dimensional genomic data.
Entre geografia e matemática: uma narrativa sobre o tratamento do conceito de área em livros didáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-09) Soares, Marilene Caitano Reis Almeida ; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346827105182471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7388-5490; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; Januario, Gilberto; Perovano, Ana Paula; Passos, Carmem Brancaglion Silva; Faria, Paulo Cezar de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4492457524733108; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8892821688981110; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3630521378837174
Considering that the concept of area is present in both Geography and Mathematics education, it may be regarded as interdisciplinary within the context of Basic Education. The general objective of the research presented in this dissertation was to analyze the concept of area within the context of school Geography, taking as its object the way this concept is presented in Geography textbooks. Grounded in cultural-historical theory and narrative inquiry, the study understands experience as both phenomenon and method, recognizing that the researcher and the research mutually constitute one another through the movement of narrating, analyzing, and interpreting lived experience. The research question guiding the study was: how is the interdisciplinary concept of area presented in Geography textbooks, and what implications does this approach produce in the teacher-researcher’s reflections on her teaching and learning processes? Based on this objective and question, the analysis focused on two textbook collections and on the production of narratives of teaching experience. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative approach organized into four analytical categories: (1) the approach to the concept of area in textbooks; (2) reading space, graphic representations, and the confusion between area and territory in textbooks; (3) proposed activities and the mediation of knowledge; and (4) in interdisciplinarity with Mathematics, the concept of area becomes a movement of thought which, at the stage of synthesis, comes to compose an interpretative unity guided by historical-dialectical logic. The results show that, although recurrent, the concept of area appears in textbooks in a fragmented way, marked by silences and reductions that compromise its logical-historical meaning, often being treated as a technical procedure devoid of conceptual mediation. The narratives of the teacher-researcher reveal that this limiting form of approach directly interferes with pedagogical practice, requiring teaching interventions so that the concept acquires meaning and becomes constituted as an instrument of thought. Furthermore, it becomes evident that interdisciplinarity between Geography and Mathematics is not realized in textbooks as an effective articulation, but rather as a juxtaposition, which limits the understanding of area in its relationship with lived space. The central thesis defended is that the interdisciplinary articulation between Geography and Mathematics, guided by historical-dialectical logic, enhances the teaching of the concept of area by overcoming its technical reductionism, enabling narratives of experience to be translated into analytical elements supported by a consistent theoretical and methodological structure. It is concluded that teaching the concept of area implies fostering theoretical thinking capable of understanding space in its materiality, historicity, and social meaning, integrating calculation, territory, and experience.
Assistência profissional especializada em amamentação: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-09) Pimenta, Nathália Alexandre Costa; Marques, Luciano dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6022324341764228; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-6353; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-3261; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9352961788002132; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3015-3679; Souza, Bruna Felisberto de; Villas Boas, Allison Scholler de Castro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5961914997733254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1945749596016095; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-8896; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-5619
Human milk is considered the gold standard for feeding newborns and infants, with recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age and continued breastfeeding alongside complementary foods up to two years of age or beyond. In addition to its nutritional and immunological benefits, breastfeeding involves relational dimensions between the lactating person and the child. Despite the international recognition of Brazilian policies aimed at the promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding, the country still faces challenges in achieving the exclusive breastfeeding targets recommended by international organizations. In this context, the importance of professional breastfeeding support stands out. However, in Brazil, professional and continuing education in breastfeeding still lacks specific regulation and guidelines. This study understands specialized breastfeeding support as an evidence-based clinical practice involving individualized assessment, specific clinical reasoning, advanced technical skills, and longitudinal follow-up. Considering the relevance of this support for breastfeeding outcomes and for the experiences of lactating individuals, the following question arises: what scientific evidence exists regarding specialized professional breastfeeding support? Objective: To map scientific evidence on specialized professional breastfeeding support provided to pregnant and postpartum individuals within healthcare services. Method: This scoping review was conducted according to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7FJMK). The research question was structured according to the PCC strategy: “What evidence exists regarding specialized professional breastfeeding support for pregnant and postpartum women in healthcare services?” Searches were conducted in December 2025 in the CINAHL, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases using controlled descriptors from DeCS and MeSH. Study selection was carried out in the RayyanⓇ software by six researchers. Data extraction and synthesis followed the JBI instrument, with narrative presentation of the identified evidence. Results: A total of 3,201 records were identified. After removing duplicates, 2,058 remained for title and abstract screening according to the research question and eligibility criteria. This process resulted in 15 studies, of which 2 were excluded, leaving 13 studies as the final corpus. Among them, 7 were review studies (including one scoping review and the others systematic reviews with meta-analysis). The remaining studies included exploratory designs: 3 randomized clinical trials, 2 prospective quasi-experimental studies with intervention and control groups, and 1 ecological observational study. Most studies originated from high-income countries. The body of evidence addressed specialized support and breastfeeding outcomes, indicating favorable results associated with such support. Outcomes explored included breastfeeding practices and knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about breastfeeding, and maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Analysis of the material resulted in a structured descriptive synthesis organized into the following themes: “Specialized professionals and programs”; “Contexts, approaches, and effects of specialized breastfeeding support”; and “Individualized and partially culturally sensitive support. ” These thematic axes were constructed from interpretive cores that guided their naming. Notably, in the third axis, although support is recognized for considering individual and cultural aspects, this sensitivity appears partial, revealing limitations in more broadly incorporating family, social, and economic contexts into care. Final considerations: The number of studies specifically addressing specialized breastfeeding support was limited, and most focused on the practice of professionals certified by the International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners. Investigations were primarily centered on describing strategies, timing, and forms of professional practice. The discussion of specialized training was not addressed in the included studies, indicating an urgent need to expand evidence in this area.