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Ocorrência de microplásticos em águas subterrâneas e riscos para consumo humano: do conhecimento global ao cenário do Sistema Aquífero Guarani
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-04)
Soares, Alexandra Savio
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Borges, Bárbara Rani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4513384843596744
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
Groundwater contributes approximately half of the global domestic water supply, yet the risks of microplastic (MP) contamination in this resource remain poorly understood. This study investigated the characteristics, occurrence, and ecological and human health risks associated with MPs in groundwater intended for human consumption, with emphasis on the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) in Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil). A systematic review of 34 studies (2019–2025) revealed MP concentrations in global aquifers ranging from 0.0003 to 2103 particles/L, with predominance of particles <100 µm, fragments and fibers, and of the polymers polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene. The application of integrated risk indices showed that 69% of the sites presented elevated PLI (Pollution Load Index) levels, 40% high polymeric risk H (Polymer Hazard Index), and 86% extreme PRI (Pollution Risk Index). The estimated daily intake of MPs based on quantity (EDIq) reached 140.2 particles/kg/day for children and 60.09 for adults, evidencing higher child vulnerability. Field investigations in two GAS recharge areas, namely Lagoas do Saibro and Recreio Internacional, revealed mean MP abundances of 20.02 and 7.03 particles/L, respectively, with predominance of fibers and transparent particles <100 µm. The higher concentration recorded at Lagoa do Saibro, compared to Lagoa Recreio, was associated with a 4.7-fold higher population density in the surrounding area of the former. Water samples from tubular wells presented abundances ranging from 0.61 to 3.19 particles/L, a mean of 12 particles/L in public drinking fountains, and 0.67 particles/L in bottled water. Polymeric analysis confirmed predominance of PP, PET, and PE, and the estimated daily intake values were higher for children (up to 2.04 particles/kg/day) than for adults (up to 0.53 particles/kg/day). The research concludes that microplastic (MP) contamination in supply aquifers is spatially heterogeneous, influenced by anthropogenic activities, hydrogeology, and land use. Integrated indices proved more effective than simple MP abundance assessment. Although treatment systems reduce MPs in most cases, sporadic increases indicate particle release from polymeric infrastructures. The study provides unprecedented evidence of MP contamination in groundwater within the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) area, highlighting the need for standardized monitoring, integrated risk assessment, and protection of groundwater resources.
Mulheres na luta pela terra: visibilidade e construção do território no Assentamento Horto Bela Vista em Iperó/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-04)
Souza, Leticia Lauane de
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-7158
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8472989391950981
The struggle for land in Brazil constitutes a historical process marked by territorial disputes, inequalities, and the organization of social movements that seek the right to remain in rural areas. In this context, women have played a crucial role, although they are often made invisible. this dissertation aims to understand how women establish themselves as constituent agents of the territory in the struggle for land, focusing on the Horto Bela Vista Settlement, located in Iperó/SP. The research is based on the understanding that the struggle for land in Brazil is marked by intense land tenure inequalities and intersected by power relations in which gender plays a central role. The methodology articulates archival research, fieldwork, and interviews with women from the settlement. Anchored in the theoretical framework of Agrarian Geography and gender studies, the collected data highlights that, although historically marginalized, women play a fundamental role in the constitution and maintenance of conquered territories, acting politically from the initial encampments to the consolidation of the settlement. The analysis of oral narratives reveals that gender relations in the countryside are still permeated by patriarchal structures, which are nonetheless being challenged by women's everyday practices and resistance. Thus, this research contributes to the debate on territory and the role of women in the struggle for land, highlighting their centrality in this process.
Avaliação Node-Place do sistema de transporte público metroviário da cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-05)
Rodrigues, Thiago Teiji Sato Velasco
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Guerreiro, Thais de Cassia Martinelli
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2650555786682535
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-8875
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2984130547680148
The metro system of São Paulo city is considered essential for urban mobility in the São Paulo metropolitan area and, given the daily volume of riders, the relationship between the system's access points and the urban space where it is inserted becomes an important element for urban planning and a driver of public policies. This study applies the Node-Place methodology, with adaptations, to evaluate the metro stations of São Paulo's urban rail system according to their connectivity with the public transport network, their functionality within the urban space, and their accessibility via different active transport modes. The results were also analyzed in relation to the sociodemographic profile of the population surrounding the areas of each station. The research is structured based on a bibliographic and bibliometric review that identifies the main indicators used in similar studies, which are organized into three categories: Node (connectivity), Place (land use), and Active Mobility (accessibility via active modes). An adaptation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to weight the indicators based on their frequency in the literature and to calculate final scores for each category. Data were collected from official sources and analyzed using geoprocessing techniques, allowing for the analysis of all stations in the city’s metro network. Preliminary results reveal spatial inequalities among the stations, with higher performance in those located in central areas of the city, such as Sé, República, and Anhangabaú stations, which showed a high level of connectivity, diverse land use, and favorable conditions for active mobility, alongside a concentration of high-income and working age population. On the other hand, stations located at the edges of the network, such as Capão Redondo, Vila Sônia, and Campo Limpo, performed lower and presented a surrounding population more dependent on the quality of public transport infrastructure, including children, elderly and women, highlighting challenges in urban integration and the redevelopment potential of these areas. The methodology applied to the São Paulo context enables the identification of opportunities for intervention and territorial improvement, contributing to the strengthening of the public transport system and to more equitable, efficient urban planning aligned with the principles of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD).
Photodynamic action of Pd(II)/porphyrin complexes against melanoma cells
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-05)
Moraes, Edynara Cruz de
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Mello, Marcos Vinícius Palmeira de
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Silva, Lívia do Carmo
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Curcio, Juliana Santana De
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Graça, Alex Marchezini
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging strategy for cancer treatment and represents a promising approach for melanoma, one of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant forms of skin cancer. In this study, meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin complexes coordinated with palladium(II)/diphosphine ligands (Porf@dppe, Porf@dppp, Porf@dppb, and Porf@dppf; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane, dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene), previously shown to display favorable lipophilicity and efficient singlet oxygen production, were evaluated againsthuman (A375) and murine (B16–F10) melanoma cells, as well as non-cancerous keratinocytes (HaCaT). Cytotoxicity measured after a 90 min incubation period yielded dark IC50 values between 0.6 and 8.6 μM, whereas light irradiation (λ = 415 nm, 1.8 J cm􀀀 2, 36 mW cm􀀀 2) resulted in markedly lower IC50 values in the nanomolar range (2–27 nM). Irradiation increased intracellular ROS levels, induced morphological alterations in A375 cells, inhibited long-term proliferation, and reduced cell migration, particularly for Porf@dppb and Porf@dppf. The highest cytotoxicity was observed for Porf@dppf, likely due to the redox-active ferrocene unit promoting Fentontype reactions and enhanced hydroxyl radical formation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping experiments confirmed light-induced generation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion, with significantly higher hydroxyl radical production observed for Porf@dppf. The photodynamic activity of these complexes is attributed to efficient ROS production involving simultaneous contributions from both Type I and Type II mechanisms. Moderate binding to bovine serum albumin suggests possible albumin-mediated plasma transport. Overall, palladium(II)/diphosphine porphyrin complexes emerge as promising photosensitizers for melanoma photodynamic therapy.
Estrutura da metacomunidade de peixes em riachos urbanizados na Bacia do Rio Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-05)
Silva, Guilherme Raphael Camargo Arcanjo
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Cetra, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5205087039793385
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-1228
Urbanization acts as a restrictive environmental filter that disrupts aquatic biodiversity through the "Urban Stream Syndrome." This study investigated the fish metacommunity structure in 18 urban streams in Sorocaba, SE Brazil, to determine whether community assembly is driven by environmental selection (species sorting) or spatial processes. We applied the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EEM) framework, beta diversity decomposition (Baselga and Podani methods), and Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps (AEM) to model directional dispersal. A total of 2,246 individuals from 18 species were collected. EEM analysis revealed a Quasi-Clementsian pattern, characterized by significant positive coherence and high boundary clumping, indicating that species groups replace one another along a latent gradient of Physical Habitat Index (PHI). Beta diversity decomposition via the Podani method showed that richness difference (59.2%) outweighed replacement (40.7%), signaling a severe nestedness-like faunal impoverishment. Partial Redundancy Analysis (pRDA) confirmed that the environmental fraction (PHI) significantly explained community variation, while the pure spatial component (AEM) was non-significant. These results demonstrate that local habitat degradation specifically loss of canopy cover and substrate homogenization overrides regional dispersal in shaping urban fish assemblages. Sensitive species are eliminated without replacement by specialists, leaving "niche vacancies" occupied by tolerant generalists like Phalloceros harpagos. Conservation efforts must prioritize the restoration of riparian zones and instream morphological complexity over simple hydrological connectivity to mitigate biotic homogenization in tropical urban landscapes.
Desvios moderados para o passeio aleatório minimal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-06)
Menezes, Kelly Melo de
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Gava, Renato Jacob
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0494315910583969
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4157-425X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2466031040137797
This dissertation investigates the asymptotic behavior of the minimal random walk (MRW), a non-Markovian stochastic model characterized by long-range memory. The dynamics of the process follow an evolution rule in which, at each step, a past time instant is chosen uniformly at random, and the walker replicates the action taken at that moment (either moving or remaining stationary). We demonstrate how the memory parameter α governs the macroscopic behavior of the process, determining the influence of the past trajectory on the probability of future movements. To analyze such behaviors, we establish a formal connection between the MRW and Pólya urn schemes, enabling the application of the spectral theory of substitution matrices to prove limit theorems. We show that for α < 1/2, the process lies in the diffusive regime, converging to a Gaussian process with dependent increments. At the critical point α = 1/2, the memory becomes asymptotically irrelevant, and the process converges to standard Brownian motion. In the superdiffusive regime (α > 1/2), the memory dominates the evolution, and convergence occurs toward a unique non-Gaussian random variable. Additionally, we analyze the “laziest” walk case (q = 0), in which the classical strong law of large numbers fails, and the process converges to a random limit with a Mittag-Leffler distribution. The main original contribution of this work is the proof of a moderate deviations principle (MDP) for the MRW in the diffusive regime (α < 1/2). Employing martingale theory, we determine the rate function that characterizes the probability of such deviations and their respective rate of convergence. This result fills a fundamental gap between typical fluctuations, described by the central limit theorem, and extreme events, described by large deviations theory, providing a rigorous and complete characterization of the model’s fluctuations.
Avaliação de língua inglesa nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: contribuições da prática de professores em serviço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-07)
Oliveira, Thiago Alcebíades
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-3510
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2931688244558621
Despite the growing body of research in the field of language education with children, studies on assessment in this context tend to emerge largely from issues and needs identified in teaching practice (Quevedo-Camargo and Tonelli, 2024). In that regard, this research aims at analyzing assessment practices of English language teachers in the early years of elementary education in the municipal school system of Ribeirão Preto/SP regarding Assessment for Learning (AfL) (Earl, 2003), language education with children (Rocha, 2008; Santos, 2011; Tonelli, 2023), and language assessment literacy (Scaramucci, 2006; Quevedo-Camargo, 2020) principles. This is an interpretivist qualitative study, with data generated through interviews and questionnaires with in-service teachers. The results indicate that assessment practices are organized based on the continuous observation of students’ participation, engagement, and productions, integrating into everyday pedagogical practice. Such practices show approximations with AfL, especially in monitoring the process, although in a non-systematized manner and mediated by institutional conditions. Assessment literacy proves to be heterogeneous, constructed through experience and marked by the coexistence of different conceptions of assessment. It is concluded that assessment is configured as a situated process, shaped by contextual and formative demands.
Softwares de automatização de processos em BIM: uma análise de usos, linguagens e interoperabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-07)
Macedo, Gabriel da Silva
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Bueno, Cristiane
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/0685313171329135
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Fabrício, Marcio Minto
BIM is a way of conceptualizing the built environment in a holistic manner, improving all processes throughout the building lifecycle. However, the BIM modeling process is highly complex due to the large amount of information incorporated into the model. To increase efficiency and reduce errors in this process, it is common to develop routines and plugins that automate BIM modeling tasks. These automation tools, however, often do not follow standards that enable a high level of interoperability among them. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how BIM software described in the literature is developed for process automation, enabling the identification of intersections and incompatibilities, as well as the potential and limitations of implementing such software within BIM technologies. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted, followed by a content analysis of 83 articles. The results indicate that the most interoperable software are those without a strictly defined general-purpose use, that is, those designed to address specific model-domain applications. Additionally, there is a noticeable trend in the adoption of programming languages based on their ease of use and their suitability for particular stages of the building lifecycle. Thus, it can be concluded that there is significant potential in the use of such software, and that interoperability can be enhanced through the standardization of their development processes.
Planejamento urbano em cidades pequenas e o potencial do associativismo intermunicipal: Um estudo da microrregiao da Baixa Mogiana (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-08)
Reis, Daiane
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Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-239X
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2698395270427446
The present study analyzes urban planning in small cities, focusing empirically on the 17 municipalities that comprise the Baixa Mogiana Microregion, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research investigates the urban planning instruments used in these territories, as well as the challenges associated with the legal and institutional structure of urban policies and the technical weaknesses that influence planning, management, and territorial organization processes. At the same time, it seeks to identify the potentialities present in small urban centers, which are often characterized by institutional limitations. Based on a combination of a literature review, a technical and institutional assessment of the municipalities, an analysis of current urban legislation, the collection of territorial and demographic data, and interviews with municipal public managers and representatives of AMOG, the study discusses the role of intermunicipal associativism as a strategy for strengthening the institutional and technical capacity for urban planning in small cities. In this context, cooperation among municipalities is analyzed as a mechanism capable of supporting the formulation and implementation of urban policies and contributing to the development of more balanced, equitable, and sustainable territories. The results demonstrate that urban planning in small cities faces limitations that extend beyond the mere existence of legal instruments. The study identified incomplete or outdated urban legislation, limited technical and financial capacity within municipal administrations, low levels of social participation, difficulties in managing rural areas, and recurrent interference of political and personal relationships in technical decision-making, undermining the continuity and effectiveness of urban policies. It is concluded that strengthening urban planning in small cities depends on the consolidation of institutional capacities, the technical qualification of municipal administrations, and regional cooperation. In this context, intermunicipal associativism demonstrates potential to expand management capacity through the sharing of technical teams, the training of public servants, the standardization of procedures, and support for the development and implementation of urban policies suited to the specific characteristics of these territories.
Detecção de árvores individuais e cubagem de Pinus elliottii utilizando LiDAR UAV e MLS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-13)
Boggiani, Fernando Santos
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Reis, Cristiano Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0033061087532936
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5584-613X
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Thiersch, Cláudio Roberto
This study aimed to evaluate, improve, and validate computational methodological approaches based on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) point clouds embedded in mobile and aerial devices to stimate dendrometric parameters in Pinus elliottii stands. The dissertation is divided into two chapters. The first evaluated the performance of Individual Tree Detection (ITD) algorithms using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) LiDAR data, contrasting a methodology based on point cloud Cross-Sectioning (STAD) with clustering via the DBSCAN (Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm against traditional canopy based counting methods. The STAD method achieved the lowest RMSE (8.43% in circular plots and 11.11% in rectangular plots) by focusing on the stem section below the crowns. The second chapter addressed non-destructive stem profiling using MLS (Mobile Laser Scanning) LiDAR. The traditional destructive stem profiling method using a caliper was compared with two methods of diameter collection from the LiDAR point cloud: the first, based on Cross Sectioning and Contours by Angular Classes (STAC) in the R language, evaluating different metrics and angular classes; and the second, processed in the CloudCompare software using the 3Dfin plugin. The STAC method parameterization (72 angular classes and minimum point metric) obtained the highest accuracy (RMSE of 5.94% and BIAS of 2.5%). It is concluded that the STAD method overcomes the limitations of classic canopy-centered algorithms, while the STAC routine proves operational viability and greater adherence to the contour of each stem section compared to the traditional method and algorithms consolidated in the literature.
Percepção e adaptação climática na cafeicultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-13)
Ferreira , Caroline Alves
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Gallo , Anderson de Souza
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Magalhães , Leonardo Pinto de
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2414115508284005
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/8771305776391428
Coffee farming holds great socioeconomic importance in Brazil, the world's leading producer. In southern Minas Gerais, production is predominantly driven by family farmers who face challenges due to climate change. Shifts in weather patterns and temperatures have impacted coffee productivity and quality, necessitating the adoption of adaptation strategies. In this context, this study aims to analyze how climate change is perceived by coffee farmers and to investigate adaptation strategies and factors associated with the resilience of coffee agroecosystems. The first chapter presents a systematic literature review, conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, identifying key methodological approaches used in studies on climate perception in global coffee farming, as well as adaptation strategies and territorial factors influencing farmers' perceptions. The second chapter details a study conducted with coffee farmers affiliated with the Cooperative of Family Farmers of Poço Fundo and Region (COOPFAM) in southern Minas Gerais; it analyzes perceptions regarding the impacts of climate change on production, identifies adaptation strategies, and examines factors contributing to the strengthening of climate resilience in the region. Results from the systematic review indicate that territorial factors, production systems, and socioeconomic conditions directly influence how coffee farmers perceive and respond to climate events. The study with COOPFAM farmers found that key adaptive strategies include crop shading, production diversification, the adoption of new cultivars, and ecological soil management. Integrating farmers' local knowledge with environmental monitoring tools proved significant for understanding the resilience of coffee agroecosystems in the face of climate change, thereby contributing to the development of adaptation strategies better suited to the realities of family farming.
Discursos docentes reveladores de concepções normatizadoras do corpo criança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-14)
Machado, Adrielli Silva Bielssa
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-864X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0761922542335614
This undergraduate thesis aims to investigate the impacts that teaching discourses permeated by disciplinary and normative conceptions have on the child's body. It sought to answer the following research question: "How do teaching discourses, permeated by disciplinary and normative conceptions and by power relations, impact the child's body in the school context?". To this end, based on Foucault's theoretical framework, Garanhani's concept of the child's body, and Lira's concept of the child's body versus the student's body, through qualitative, bibliographical and narrative research on lived experiences, the study sought to reflect on the transition of violence and oppression of bodies (which were previously aimed at the physical body and have become subtle, constraining and offending without leaving visible marks) aimed at the "formation" of children who meet adult expectations, and to understand that this process is not neutral. Given that different issues emerged from the pedagogical scenes, this work discusses the silencing of children's voices and bodies; the importance of their participation and movement in learning processes; ableism, authoritarianism, and exclusion in relationships with children; discourses of crisis, disbelief, and hopelessness in childhood; the need to transform the conception of utility and productivity; and the importance of hope. Finally, the results indicate that aggressive, normative, and oppressive teaching discourses produce effects such as: silencing children; docility and control; reinforcement of hierarchies and inequalities; naturalization of symbolic violence; production of feelings of inadequacy, shame, or inferiority; and limitation of children's possibilities for expression, creation, and participation—phenomena that compromise their well-being and the construction of a democratic, inclusive education sensitive to the multiple ways of being and existing in childhood. Even with the numerous transformations already implemented in education, struggles and resistance are still necessary for the school to cease being a home of "adult-centric clichés" and become a place of acceptance, critical and loving learning, enabling social transformation.
Plantio de restauração, sob domínio de Mata Atlântica, em uma área afetada por fogo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-14)
Albino, Dirlane Maria
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-7042
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3165266567315996
Forest fires, particularly when frequent and intense, lead to the combustion of organic matter, the release of carbon stocks, and an imbalance in soil properties, thereby impacting the ecosystem's functionality. As in other biomes, the Atlantic Forest, too, sees the rise in global average temperature resulting from climate change act as a catalyst for new fires, feeding back into the process. Given this increasingly frequent scenario, this chapter aimed to assess the impacts of a 2024 fire on the parameters of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH, organic matter, total organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and soil density. The assessment was carried out in a Legal Reserve area located in the city of Salto de Pirapora, in the state of São Paulo, and soil samples were collected between eight and twelve months after the fire. The area was divided into three sample plots, considering the impact of the fire: a completely burnt area, a partially affected area, and an undamaged area that was not burnt and used as a control. The results showed that three of the nine parameters assessed showed statistically significant increases between the completely burnt area and the control area: potassium, phosphorus, and pH. The absence of variations in the other physico-chemical parameters suggests that the fire was superficial and indicates high resilience of the soil assessed. In this regard, despite the immediate impacts typically observed after burning organic matter, the soil demonstrated a high capacity for recovery even without specific management. This result reinforces the importance of continuous monitoring for assessing local ecological resilience and for better defining strategies for environmental recovery in areas impacted by fires.
Docências no Colégio de Aplicação da UFSCar: uma etnografia dos saberes e das identidades que inspiram uma outra educação dos 0 aos 10 anos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-15)
Botega, Giovana Alonso
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Tomazzetti, Cleonice Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4821077407620769
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1976-4604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4896706380829176
The study entitled “Teaching Practices at the UFSCar Laboratory School: an ethnography of the knowledge and identities that inspire another form of education for children aged 0 to 10” aimed to “analyze how the training and professional development of teachers at the UFSCar Laboratory School, in their work with babies and young children, produce forms of knowledge and teaching identities that can inspire the education of older children.” Among the specific objectives of the investigation, the following stand out: (1) to map and analyze the training process (initial and continuing education) of teachers at the UFSCar Laboratory School; (2) to map and analyze teachers’ conceptions and pedagogical practices; (3) to analyze teachers’ identities and knowledge; and (4) to understand how early childhood education practices can inform pedagogical practices with older children. The study sought to answer the following question: “In what ways can the knowledge and identities constructed by teachers of babies and young children at the UFSCar Laboratory School contribute to rethinking the education of older children?” The hypothesis was that the knowledge and teaching identities developed by these teachers offer contributions to rethinking pedagogical practices aimed at older children within a broader perspective of childhood education. This is because such practices are grounded in democratic, dialogical, and respectful approaches built collaboratively in everyday interactions with different subjects. Considering factors such as years of experience, professional background, spaces, materials, and conceptions, these practices allow for a rethinking of education for older children. The research was characterized as qualitative in nature, based on ethnography (Geertz, 1989; 2004; André, 2008; Oliveira, 2013; Reis & Mendes, 2018; Silva & Silva, 2021), and employed various procedures for data production, collection, and analysis, including interviews, field journals, document review and analysis, as well as observations of daily life at the UFSCar Laboratory School. The data produced were analyzed and interpreted using Content Analysis (Bardin, 2011). The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in Childhood Studies and the Pedagogies of Childhood—referred to here as Pedagogies of Childhoods—drawing on the work of Rocha (1998, 1999), Kishimoto and Oliveira-Formosinho (2007), and Oliveira-Formosinho (2013). Among the main findings, the construction of a plural teaching identity stands out, shaped by diverse experiences, including working within a Laboratory School—a context that integrates teaching, research, and extension. The development of listening, dialogue, and respect for children emerges as a result of an identity built on exchange, collaboration, and commitment to early childhood education. Teaching knowledge in early childhood education is also highlighted, going beyond the ability to teach babies and young children to encompass understanding who these subjects are, how they develop, what they need, and what they desire. The study also indicates that teaching practices with babies and young children are constructed in practice, through interaction with these subjects and with other teachers, involving autonomy and flexibility in pedagogical work. Finally, another key finding is the identification of essential working conditions in early childhood education, including the availability of resources and materials, appropriate ratios of children to adults, and workload. These conditions can either support or limit planning, creativity, and teachers’ professional development. Thus, it is argued that the training and professional development of teachers at the UFSCar Laboratory School, in their work with babies and young children, produce knowledge and teaching identities that inspire the education of older children in ethical, political, and aesthetic terms. In doing so, they contribute to envisioning a different kind of school—one built collectively and respectful of all children, of all ages.
Modelagem de tópicos e evolução temporal: uma análise das músicas de maior audiência no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-15)
Anacleto, Reinaldo Cardoso
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Ramos , Thiago Rodrigo
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/1634196230063965
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Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824
Given the historical importance of radio in Brazilian music broadcasting, this study analyzes chart-topping lyrics to track changes in musical preferences over time. A substantial dataset was gathered via web scraping and processed using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to transform text into structured numerical embeddings. The research focuses on clustering compositions into predominant topics using probabilistic models, specifically the infinite mixture model under a Bayesian approach. The results reveal thematic patterns in the compositions, highlighting semantic similarities that permeate the different genres and periods within the analyzed dataset.
Práticas pedagógicas na Educação Infantil com arte afro-brasileira: valorização da diversidade cultural mediada pela literatura infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-15)
Melo, Laura Oliveira de Araújo
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-864X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373417283608645
This work aims to investigate possibilities for pedagogical action with Afro-Brazilian and African arts in Early Childhood Education, in a meaningful and appropriate way for young children, considering their specificities, forms of expression, and the relationships they build in the school environment. Based on this objective, it seeks to answer the following research question: how can Afro-Brazilian and African arts be incorporated into Early Childhood Education in a way that is sensitive to the characteristics of early childhood, valuing the multiple forms of expression of young children and their interactions in the educational context? Linked to this problem, the study seeks to understand how teaching practice can develop pedagogical strategies aimed at valuing cultural and ethno-racial diversity, incorporating Afro-Brazilian art as a path to promoting anti-racist education from the earliest years of life. It also seeks to reflect on its contributions to strengthening the self-esteem of Black children, to respecting differences, and to valuing ethno-racial identities in childhood. To answer the research question, this work articulates legal, conceptual, and pedagogical contributions that underpin the inclusion of Afro-Brazilian and African arts in Early Childhood Education and highlight the importance of teacher training for the effective implementation of this proposal. Laws No. 10.639/2003 and No. 11.645/2008 are analyzed, as well as the National Curriculum Guidelines for Education on Ethnic-Racial Relations and for the Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture, which establish the mandatory teaching of African, Afro-Brazilian, and Indigenous history and culture, including their artistic expressions. The study presents a reflection on the concept of Afro-Brazilian art, its relevance to the formation of young children's identities, and the challenges and possibilities of its implementation in Early Childhood Education, understanding teacher education as a fundamental condition for the construction of pedagogical practices committed to racial equity. In the final part of this work, three works of children's literature addressing the theme of Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations (ERER) are analyzed. Based on each analysis, a pedagogical action involving artistic experiences with children is proposed. The proposals are grounded in Ana Mae Barbosa's Triangular Approach, which articulates three inseparable axes: artistic creation; the reading and appreciation of images, works, and cultural productions; and the historical, social, cultural, experiential, and subjective contextualization of artistic manifestations. In this way, the aim is to offer support for pedagogical practices that promote children's encounter with Afro-Brazilian art in a sensitive and meaningful way. From this perspective, children's literature is understood as a mediator of children's encounter with Afro-Brazilian art, fostering aesthetic, cultural, and identity experiences from early childhood.
Criação de um protocolo para autenticação da transmissão de credenciais de login entre dispositivos via tokens sonoros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-19)
Stranak, Bruno Henrique Fonseca
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Pizolato Junior, José Carlos
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Kitazawa , Fabricio Archeleigar
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/5679943513109725
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4338949783568483
Este trabalho propõe um sistema alternativo de autenticação para dispositivos com interfaces de entrada limitadas, eliminando a digitação manual ou o escaneamento de códigos por QR code no protocolo OAuth 2.0. A metodologia estabelece uma comunicação acústica onde um emissor transfere um código de verificação para um smartphone receptor. Utiliza-se a modulação por chaveamento de frequência (Frequency-Shift Keying - FSK), operando entre 15 e 20 kHz, região silenciosa aos humanos e menos suscetível a ruídos comuns. Diferente de bibliotecas consolidadas como a ggwave, que utilizam modulação multi-tom (MFSK), exigindo alto processamento e uma faixa audível de requência para operar de forma eficiente, a metodologia proposta é estruturada para equipamentos comerciais operarem em altas frequências, com baixo uso computacional. A decodificação no receptor utiliza uma adaptação do Algoritmo de Goertzel como filtro digital e detector de envoltória, garantindo baixo custo computacional. A interferência por reverberação também é mitigada por intervalos de guarda temporais. Testes variando distância, tamanho do pacote e taxa de transmissão foram analisados via Modelo Linear Generalizado. Os resultados indicam alta robustez contra ruídos, comprovando a viabilidade de uma autenticação funcional e discreta em dispositivos de consumo.
Letramento digital para o uso seguro e privado da Internet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-21)
Bomfim, Mariana Alves
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Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3384523673047443
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0371-8990
Automatic identification of bias in Large Language Models
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-21)
Assi, Fernanda Malheiros
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-8599
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6394842925871918
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, from legal reasoning to clinical decision support. As these models become increasingly integrated into real-world applications, concerns about their reliability, fairness, and ethical implications have emerged. Studies have shown that LLMs can produce biased outputs, reinforcing harmful stereotypes and discriminating against marginalized groups. This work proposes a systematic and scalable framework for evaluating and ranking LLMs based on stereotype generation in Brazilian Portuguese. The framework combines template-based sentence generation, human annotation, and supervised classification into a unified pipeline. A set of 164 sentence templates, covering gender, race, and their intersections, was used to elicit completions from 37 LLMs from multiple providers. The resulting sentences were annotated by human annotators along two dimensions: alignment with social stereotypes and potential harm. The stereotype alignment labels served as the foundation for training a BERTimbau-based classifier, selected via nested cross-validation, which achieved a macro averaged F1 of 0.665. Classifier predictions were then used to construct pairwise match tables, feeding to an Elo rating system, that generated two complementary rankings: a model ranking and a social marker ranking. The results reveal that smaller open-source models tend to generate less stereotyped content than larger commercial ones, and that social markers combining race and gender consistently elicit the most stereotyped outputs across all models. The framework is made available as an interactive interface that supports the incremental addition of new models.
Repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 nas ocupações de crianças na primeira infância e de suas famílias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-21)
Pinheiro, Carolinne Linhares
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Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3660487766535040
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-0115
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0186694041902578
The COVID-19 pandemic was marked by restrictions and losses that threatened family and child well-being. This study analyzed the repercussions of the pandemic context on the occupations of young children and their families. An observational, longitudinal, qualitative–quantitative study was conducted with 126 caregivers of children in early childhood; 51 participants took part in both stages of data collection, which involved questionnaires and interviews. In Stage 1, changes experienced during the initial phase of the pandemic (IPP) were retrospectively examined in relation to children’s and caregivers’ occupations, participants’ stress levels, and child behavior. In Stage 2, post-pandemic, the study assessed the experience of returning to in-person schooling (RIP) and its effects on children’s occupations, as well as the pandemic’s impact on family economic conditions and parental work, participants’ stress, and child behavior, allowing for comparison with stage 1. Stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale–10, and child behavior was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic–categorical content analysis, while quantitative data were examined using descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample was predominantly composed of mothers (87.3%), most of whom belonged to higher socioeconomic strata (73%) and had higher educational attainment levels (68%). A deterioration in eating routines (51.6%) was identified, along with reduced sleep quality (43.6%) and duration (50%), decreased engagement in physical activity (54%), and a decline in both the diversity (65.9%) and frequency (75.4%) of caregivers’ leisure activities. Work-related changes—including remote work, income reduction, job loss, and increased workload—persisted throughout the pandemic period. Stress levels were significantly higher during the pandemic compared to the post-pandemic period (p < 0.001), largely due to disruptions in daily routines, such as managing work, household responsibilities, and childcare within a context of confinement and uncertainty. Many participants reported physical and emotional exhaustion and experiences of psychological distress. Parent–child relationships were negatively affected by continuous cohabitation and emotional dysregulation in both caregivers and children; however, some positive outcomes were noted, including strengthened family bonds. With respect to children’s occupations during the IPP, eating and sleep routines became more disorganized and less healthy. There was a reduction in physical activity (60.3%) and substantial spatial (66.7%) and social (48.4%) restrictions on play. Limitations on play opportunities and reduced parental availability for sustained engagement contributed to an increase in daily screen time (88.8%). Remote education posed an additional challenge for children and their families and appeared to be poorly aligned with the developmental needs of early childhood education. These changes were associated with notable impacts on child behavior. A significant increase in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms was observed (p < 0.001), as well as a higher proportion of children presenting scores indicative of difficulties across multiple CBCL subscales (p ≤ 0.012) during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. The RIP, in 2021 and 2022, yielded clear benefits for children’s occupational engagement. Participants reported reductions in screen time (92.7%), increased participation in physical activity (73.3%), greater engagement in play (73.2%), improvements in sleep (68.3%) and eating routines (41.5%), enhanced parent–child relationships (61%), and expanded social interaction, largely supported by the reestablishment of school routines. This study confirms the profound occupational disruption experienced by young children and their caregivers during periods of restrictive public health measures, with adverse consequences for family mental health. Over a prolonged period, children experienced reduced access to developmentally enriching and health-promoting opportunities, alongside increased exposure to habits and stimuli detrimental to health and well-being. The pandemic context thus appears to have functioned as a constraining force in early childhood development.