Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2026-06-24"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

Avaliação de híbridos de pimenta habanero quanto a atributos agronômicos e físico-químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Alves, Marcel Corrêa; Sala, Fernando Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Peppers of the genus Capsicum are widely cultivated worldwide, with domestication dating back to approximately 8600 b.c., and are particularly valued for their use as condiments. In contrast to other species of the genus Capsicum, C. chinense exhibits broad genetic variability. In Brazil, there is a predominance of open-pollinated (OP) cultivars, due to the limited availability of hybrid cultivars in the market. Aiming to contribute to the supply of new hybrid materials of C. chinense of the Habanero type, the present study evaluated agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of experimental hybrids. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in a randomized block design, with twelve genotypes, including the commercial cultivars Miguelita and Valesca, used as controls. The analyses were performed based on quantitative and qualitative descriptors, as well physicochemical analyses. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The hybrid F1 1014 presented heavier fruits (36.07 g), soluble solids content (6.00 °Brix), with greater fruit diameter (3.58 cm) and pulp thickness (2.7 mm). The hybrids F1 1011 and F1 1012 presented greater yield (35.54 t ha-1 and 37.31 t ha-1, respectively), fruit mass per plant (960.50 g plant-1 and 1008.33 g plant-1), larger fruit diameter (3.67 cm and 3.48 cm), fruit length (5.62 cm and 6.12 cm), respectively. Finally, the hybrid F1 1008 presented higher fruit firmness (7.82 N), lower pH (5.21), higher total titratable acidity (0.14%), indicating better postharvest conservation characteristics and higher soluble solids content (6.33 °Brix). The experiment demonstrated the presence of heterosis in the evaluated hybrids compared with the controls, and the data collected may support the registration of new cultivars that could be introduced to the market.
Redução fotocatalítica de CO2 mediada por Nitretos de Carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Serino, Bruna Rocha; Teixeira, Ivo Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9782517948999001
With population growth and the intensification of industrial activities over the last decades, there has been a significant increase in the consumption and exploitation of fossil fuel resources, leading to substantial increases in atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO₂), which directly impact the aggravation of global warming and climate change. In this context, Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technologies have gained relevance by enabling the direct conversion of CO₂ into higher value-added products, such as fuels and chemical feedstocks, while also contributing to the mitigation of adverse environmental effects through the sustainable use of the carbon cycle. Therefore, this work aims to present a literature review on photocatalysis as a CCU strategy employing carbon nitrides (g-C₃N₄), addressing the fundamentals of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous photocatalysis, the mechanisms involved in the generation process of electron-hole pairs in semiconductor materials, and the main strategies employed to improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄, including doping with metallic nanoparticles and single atoms, defect engineering, and morphological control. The studies analyzed demonstrate that these modifications favor light absorption through band structure modulation, and consequently band gap tuning, charge separation and transport by inhibiting recombination, and catalytic conversion, contributing to improvements in process efficiency and product selectivity.
Caracterização mecânica dos revestimentos AlTiN/TiSiN, TiCN e AlCrN depositados por processo PVD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Silva, Matheus Felipe da; Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127
With the development of industry and the application of difficult-to-machine materials, combined with machining processes that employ increasingly higher speeds, studies seeking to increase cutting tool life and improve their mechanical performance have become ever more necessary. Therefore, the present work presents the mechanical and tribological characterization of AlTiN/TiSiN, AlCrN, and TiCN coatings deposited via cathodic arc PVD onto ISO S10 grade cemented carbide (WC-Co) substrates. The methodology involved surface characterization using confocal microscopy to determine roughness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for thickness measurement and morphological analysis. Adhesion was evaluated through progressive-load scratch testing, and interface integrity was assessed by Rockwell C indentation based on the VDI 3198 standard. The tribological behavior was analyzed using reciprocal pin-on-plate testing (ASTM G133) with an alumina counter-body, monitoring the coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear mechanisms via SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results demonstrated that the AlTiN/TiSiN coating exhibited the lowest roughness and the highest critical failure load (15 N), indicating superior adhesion and a potential advantage regarding chip flow over the coated surface. In the Rockwell C test, although AlCrN showed better initial performance under a 588 N load, all systems exhibited severe failure under a 1471 N load. The pin-on-plate tests indicated that the aluminum-based coatings promote the formation of protective tribofilms (Al2O3 and Cr2O3), which stabilize the CoF. EDS analyses revealed that the AlCrN coating maintained its integrity after 100 m of sliding, whereas the AlTiN/TiSiN coating allowed exposure of the substrate.
Isolamento térmico sustentável: potencial dos materiais renováveis na construção civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Godoy, Mariana Martinussi de; Ferreira, Elisa Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9042749986031620; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-5012; Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-5353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9642481844085805; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2502-9034
The civil construction sector plays a central role in urban development, but it is also notable for its high consumption of natural resources and its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. These emissions are associated with both operational carbon, related to energy consumption during use, and embodied carbon, resulting from raw material extraction, material production, transport, construction, and demolition. In this scenario, thermal insulation materials are fundamental to reducing the energy consumption of buildings, as they minimize heat transfer between indoor and outdoor environments, thereby decreasing the demand for artificial HVAC systems. Their performance is directly related to the presence of porous structures capable of trapping air and limiting heat transfer mechanisms, which are influenced by parameters such as porosity, density, and pore connectivity. Conventional insulating materials exhibit low thermal conductivity due to the controlled formation of these structures through industrial processes that are often energy-intensive and associated with the use of fossil or mineral raw materials. In contrast, bio-based materials utilize plant fibers and agro-industrial residues that already possess naturally favorable characteristics for trapping air, allowing porous structures to be obtained through reorganization and consolidation with lower processing demands. In addition to their potential for biodegradability, these materials feature adjustable density depending on the structural architecture, and can achieve low values comparable to those of conventional insulators. Thus, bio-based materials constitute technically promising alternatives for thermal insulation, as they combine functional performance with greater resource efficiency throughout their life cycle.
Racismo estrutural no ensino de geografia - Ensino fundamental anos finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Silva, Geovana Oliveira da; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
The present research produces a reflection on the presence of structural racism in different forms and how it influences the school environment, highlighting Geography classes during the final years of Elementary School. Starting from the understanding that racism is the result of a long historical process that began in the colonial period, whose consequences are still manifested in the social, economic, political and educational relations of the country to the present day, they are perceptible when we analyze the experiences of students in the school environment, which make evident the presence of structural racism even in monitored environments. In this context, historical aspects that contributed to the consolidation of racial inequalities are analyzed during the research, evidencing how the black population was subjected to exclusion and marginalization even after the abolition of slavery, considering the geographical point of view in the face of racial themes, which weighs different points of analysis in different periods, an example being the process of elaboration of laws and documents aimed at the African and Afro-descendant population during the period of slavery to the present moment. In this way, it allows us to connect the influence of structural racism in educational documents such as the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), highlighting the limitations that this document imposes in relation to the approaches to ethnic-racial relations in the teaching of Geography and the impacts of this absence on the critical formation of students. Throughout the research, we develop reflections on the presence of racism in everyday school life, manifested through prejudices, stereotypes and discriminatory practices that affect the construction of identity and the sense of belonging of black students. As a way of counteracting this reality, the research highlights the importance of pedagogical actions aimed at valuing African and Afro-Brazilian culture, strengthening black identity and encouraging respect for diversity. Through a qualitative approach, based on literature review and documentary analysis, it is concluded that education plays a fundamental role in combating structural racism, but it is still necessary to broaden the debates on ethnic-racial relations in the school environment to contribute to the formation of more critical, aware and committed citizens to the construction of a more just and inclusive society.
Eficiência do manejo com Rhizobium tropici e Methylobacterium symbioticum na cultura do feijoeiro comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Camões, Ernani Guim; Silva, Gustavo Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6552329435195250; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-2814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0343390926009686
Common bean has a high nitrogen requirement and a strong dependence on mineral nitrogen fertilization, which motivates the search for biological inputs able to complement the supply of this nutrient. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation and co-inoculation of Rhizobium tropici and Methylobacterium symbioticum, applied at different phenological stages of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. IAC 2153 Cranberry, on growth, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and the economic viability of the crop. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, in a randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and five replications. Treatments combined seed inoculation with R. tropici and foliar application of M. symbioticum at the V2 and/or R5 stages. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (5%), and an incremental economic return analysis was also performed. The number of pods per plant and grains per pod was not affected by the treatments, so that yield differences resulted essentially from grain mass. A single application of M. symbioticum at the R5 stage, without co-inoculation (T5), provided the highest yield (7.757 g plant⁻¹; 113% higher than the control), the best NUE and the highest economic return (net incremental margin of R$ 6,478.98 ha⁻¹; benefit/cost ratio of 27.8). Co-inoculation with R. tropici reduced yield, indicating antagonism. It is concluded that application timing was more decisive than the number of applications, and that foliar application of M. symbioticum at the R5 stage is a promising strategy to increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the crop.
Estabelecimento de espécies arbóreas nativas por semeadura direta em área de restauração florestal na Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Tangerina, Lucas Panisa; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-2757; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2576034758921708
Direct seeding forest restoration has been considered an alternative to scale up ecological restoration, but its success depends on the establishment, growth, and persistence of species in the field. This study aimed to evaluate the establishment, growth, and structural and functional contribution of native tree species in a forest restoration area using direct seeding, located at the Center for Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of São Carlos, in Araras, SP, six years after implementation. The experimental area consists of 0.27 ha and was originally planted with 29 native tree species, in a design composed of six blocks and four treatments. Established tree individuals were evaluated, with records of species, height, diameter, and experimental position. From the collected data, indicators of establishment, density, growth, basal area, biomass, carbon, and costs associated with direct seeding were calculated. At 72 months after implementation, 5,219 established individuals were recorded, distributed across 13 species. Sapindus saponaria showed the highest number of individuals, higher density, and greater linear occupation, while Peltophorum dubium showed greater structural growth, average biomass per individual, and total estimated carbon per species. For carbon estimates, 1,526 individuals with D30 greater than 3 cm were considered, according to the criterion adopted for inclusion in the calculations. On an aggregate scale, the area presented an estimated density of 19,329.63 individuals ha⁻¹, a carbon stock of 44.06 Mg C ha⁻¹, an average cost of R$ 0.62 per established individual, and a total implementation cost of R$ 12,060.54 ha⁻¹. The results demonstrate that direct seeding was efficient in forming an established tree community, albeit with selective performance among species. It is concluded that the evaluation of direct seeding must integrate indicators of establishment, growth, biomass, carbon, and cost, allowing the identification of species with different forms of contribution to forest restoration.
Caracterização agronômica e cor instrumental de linhagens de alface (Lactuca sativa l.) em cultivo convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Brito, Beatriz Alvarenga de; Sala, Fernando Cesar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most widely cultivated leafy vegetable in Brazil due to its broad adaptation to different edaphoclimatic conditions and its socioeconomic importance, especially for family farming. In response to the increasing demand for products with improved quality and extended postharvest shelf life, this study aimed to characterize and compare the agronomic performance and instrumental color of curly lettuce lines under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions using three commercial cultivars ('Vanda', 'Jade', and 'BS 155') and nine breeding lines developed by the GEHORT/UFSCar breeding program. The evaluated agronomic traits included shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), number of leaves (NL), maximum leaf width (MLW), maximum leaf length (MLL), stem diameter (SD), and stem length (SL). Instrumental color was assessed using the CIELAB color system, considering lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue angle (h°). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at the 5% significance level. A significant effect of genotype (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for all agronomic traits and colorimetric parameters evaluated. The results showed that some breeding lines exhibited superior agronomic performance compared with the commercial cultivars, whereas others showed similar performance, standing out for their greater biomass accumulation and more intense green coloration, characteristics desirable for lettuce commercial quality. Therefore, the best-performing breeding lines represent promising genetic material for lettuce breeding programs, contributing to the expansion of the genetic base of curly lettuce and the development of cultivars with high agronomic potential.
Controle populacional de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: psyllidae) por aplicações sucessivas de inseticidas químicos e biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Torricelli, Guilherme Boteon; Martinelli , Rodrigo; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most important disease affecting the citrus industry worldwide, and its spread is associated with the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Due to the absence of resistant commercial cultivars, one of the main strategies for HLB management is the control of its insect vector, which is predominantly achieved through applications of chemical insecticides. However, control failures have been reported in citrus orchards and may be associated with the use of insecticides with a limited ability to interfere with the different deve-lopmental stages of the pest. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chemical insecticides with different modes of action and biological insecticides in the management of D. citri following sequential applications. The experiment was condu-cted under controlled conditions at the Sylvio Moreira Citrus Research Center of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), using a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of applications of bi-fenthrin, imidacloprid, malathion, buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, formetanate hydrochlori-de, cyantraniliprole, Cordyceps fumosorosea, Beauveria bassiana, and an untreated control. Control efficacy against the D. citri population was assessed by considering nymphs, adults, and the total insect population. The results demonstrated that cyan-traniliprole, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, and malathion were effective in controlling nym-phs, adults, and the total population. Pyriproxyfen and buprofezin provided interme-diate control of nymphs but showed low efficacy against adults. The biological insecticides exhibited poor performance against all developmental stages evaluated, indi-cating that their use should be directed toward long-term management strategies. It was concluded that bifenthrin, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, and malathion were the most effective insecticides for the population control of D. citri, although cases of re-sistance to some of these insecticides have been reported. Insecticide selection should consider all stages of the insect life cycle, and the rotation of modes of action is essential to delay the evolution of resistance, while integration with biological con-trol contributes to the long-term sustainability of pest management.
Eficácia de herbicidas residuais aplicados sobre diferentes estágios de decomposição de mulch de braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis) em diferentes lâminas de precipitação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24) Malagutti, João Farsoni; Martinelli, Rodrigo; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
The use of Urochloa ruziziensis mulch has proven to be an effective strategy for weed management in citrus orchards. However, its interaction with residual herbicides remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of residual herbicides applied over U. ruziziensis mulch at different stages of decomposition under simulated rainfall amounts. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center (CCSM/IAC), Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with five replications. The treatments consisted of three U. ruziziensis mulch conditions (no mulch, fresh mulch, and dry mulch) and two simulated rainfall amounts (5 and 20 mm). Independent experiments were conducted with the residual herbicides sulfentrazone, indaziflam, and oxyfluorfen, in addition to an untreated control. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was used as a bioindicator species and was sown before herbicide application. Seedling emergence was assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application (DAA), and shoot dry biomass was determined at 28 DAA. The interaction between U. ruziziensis mulch and simulated rainfall influenced herbicide efficacy differently depending on the active ingredient. Sulfentrazone showed low weed control efficacy, with emergence inhibition ranging from 10 to 25% under all conditions, without significant differences among mulch treatments or rainfall amounts. Likewise, no significant differences were observed in shoot dry biomass reduction. The herbicide exhibited stable performance over time, likely due to its high water solubility and low sorption, which favor leaching. Indaziflam provided high weed control (approximately 80%), with greater efficacy under the 20-mm rainfall treatment, particularly in the presence of mulch. Shoot dry biomass reduction was also greater under the 20-mm rainfall treatment in the mulched treatments, whereas no differences were observed in the absence of mulch. Oxyfluorfen resulted in low to moderate emergence control (10–35%), with improved performance under the 20-mm rainfall treatment, especially when applied over fresh mulch. Similarly, shoot dry biomass reduction was significantly greater under 20 mm than under 5 mm of simulated rainfall. These findings highlight the importance of rainfall in activating residual herbicides and demonstrate that the interaction between mulch and the physicochemical properties of herbicides should be considered when developing weed management strategies in citrus orchards.