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Aspectos sobre a História e Filosofia da Ciência relacionados ao tópico Gravitação presentes em livros didáticos de Física aprovados pelo PNLD 2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-13) Idra, Gustavo Henrique Alcantara; Moraes, Leticia Estevão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4358189417039369; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8245-6172; Gebara, Maria José Fontana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-3683; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9445153804302596; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2749-9524
The History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) is an important approach in Physics Education because it helps students reflect on how scientific knowledge is built, its historical development, and different views of the Nature of Science (NOS). In this context, textbooks play a key role in bringing these ideas into the classroom, making it important to investigate how HPS is presented in these materials. Recent studies have examined historical and epistemological aspects in Science and Physics textbooks, pointing out both advances and gaps in the way historical context and views of science are presented. Based on this scenario, the present research sought to answer the following question: “Which aspects of the History and Philosophy of Science related to astronomical models and scientific anecdotes are found in Physics textbooks approved by the 2018 National Textbook Program (PNLD)?”. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze aspects of the History and Philosophy of Science related to astronomical models and scientific anecdotes present in Physics textbooks approved by the 2018 PNLD, focusing on the topic of Gravitation. This is a documentary study with a qualitative and exploratory approach, based on the analysis of selected chapters from the twelve Physics textbook collections approved by the program. The analysis focused on two categories: the cosmological models presented in the textbooks and the scientific anecdotes related to the development of Gravitation. The results showed that all textbook collections discuss the historical transition from the geocentric model to the heliocentric model, although with different levels of depth and historical context. The analysis also showed that visual representations are mainly limited to these two models, with little reference to other cosmological models and a strong Eurocentric view of the History of Astronomy. Regarding scientific anecdotes, the story of Newton's apple was found in most of the textbooks and was presented in an ambiguous way. Although many authors discuss the historical accuracy of the episode, it may still encourage simplified views about how scientific knowledge is developed. Overall, the textbooks analyzed include HPS elements that can contribute to Physics teaching, but these elements are still presented only partially. The results suggest opportunities to improve the historical and epistemological treatment of these topics and may support future studies as well as the development of new educational materials.
Análise comparativa de desempenho entre lajes maciça, treliçada e nervurada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-13) Pedersoli, Leonardo Martoni; Almeida, Ricardo Laguardia Justen de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7352278288074474
This undergraduate thesis presents a comparative performance analysis among the three main reinforced concrete slab systems most widely used in Brazilian civil engineering: solid slabs, trussed slabs, and ribbed slabs. The research aims to evaluate the impact of each constructive system on the dead load of the structure, concrete consumption, reinforcement steel demand, maximum vertical displacements, and the global stability parameters of the building. To enable a comparison under real design conditions, a computational modeling of an existing institutional building belonging to the Federal University of Alfenas was conducted using the TQS software tool. The methodology consisted of inputting geometric data and loads for the three distinct structural models, varying the type of the slabs and their respective design geometries. The results revealed that the ribbed slab achieved the best overall performance in most of the quantitative criteria evaluated, achieving the lowest concrete consumption in the slabs, the lowest average load per unit area, the lowest vertical displacement in the floor, and the best performance in relation to global stability. In turn, the trussed slab stood out for demanding the lowest total steel consumption. The solid slab did not show advantages in the quantitative criteria of consumption or stiffness, although it maintains qualitative relevance due to its execution simplicity and the wide familiarity of the market labor force. It is concluded that there is no universally superior system, but the ribbed slab proved to be the most efficient and rational solution for the typology of the analyzed institutional building.
Estudo e aplicação de nanofios de SnO₂ para o desenvolvimento de memórias resistivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-13) Oliveira, Beatriz de; Chiquito, Adenilson José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-4820; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620784718940093; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5322-0457
SnO₂ semiconductor nanowires are promising systems for the study of memristive phenomena due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and the presence of intrinsic defects that strongly influence their electrical transport properties. In this work, tin dioxide nanowires were synthesized using the Vapor–Liquid–Solid (VLS) method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, confirming the formation of crystalline nanostructures. Based on these nanostructures, devices with two distinct geometries - a single nanowire and a nanowire network - were fabricated under different levels of environmental isolation. Electrical characterization was carried out by means of current–voltage (I–V) measurements using voltammetric cycles with different experimental parameters, as well as voltage pulse measurements. The results show that the single-nanowire devices exhibit essentially ohmic behavior, whereas the nanowire network devices display nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and hysteresis. Furthermore, the electrical response of the nanowire networks was found to depend on parameters such as measurement geometry, time interval, voltage step, maximum applied voltage, and electrical excitation history. In particular, an evolution of the electrical response over successive measurement cycles and changes in the electrical state following the application of voltage pulses were observed. These results indicate that the observed behavior emerges from the nanowire network structure and its interfaces, and is consistent with characteristics associated with memristive devices.
Experimentos sobre a lei dos grandes números e possíveis utilizações em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-13) Mozaner, Octavio Augusto; Vendrúscolo, Daniel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
This work aims to present, in a didactic and accessible manner, the fundamental principles of the Law of Large Numbers and its importance in understanding random phenomena. To achieve this, it employs graphical visualizations that serve to illustrate typical behaviors of statistical convergence and support the development of the reader’s intuition. Computational simulations are also explored, including Buffon’s Needle Experiment, with the purpose of demonstrating how probabilistic models can be observed and interpreted through repetition, variability, and numerical approximations. Furthermore, the text adopts a pedagogical approach designed to facilitate the gradual understanding of concepts by connecting theory, experimentation, and visual representations. Thus, the work seeks to provide a solid and motivating foundation for further studies in probability, statistics, and applications related to the Law of Large Numbers.