Análise comparativa de desempenho entre lajes maciça, treliçada e nervurada

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis presents a comparative performance analysis among the three main reinforced concrete slab systems most widely used in Brazilian civil engineering: solid slabs, trussed slabs, and ribbed slabs. The research aims to evaluate the impact of each constructive system on the dead load of the structure, concrete consumption, reinforcement steel demand, maximum vertical displacements, and the global stability parameters of the building. To enable a comparison under real design conditions, a computational modeling of an existing institutional building belonging to the Federal University of Alfenas was conducted using the TQS software tool. The methodology consisted of inputting geometric data and loads for the three distinct structural models, varying the type of the slabs and their respective design geometries. The results revealed that the ribbed slab achieved the best overall performance in most of the quantitative criteria evaluated, achieving the lowest concrete consumption in the slabs, the lowest average load per unit area, the lowest vertical displacement in the floor, and the best performance in relation to global stability. In turn, the trussed slab stood out for demanding the lowest total steel consumption. The solid slab did not show advantages in the quantitative criteria of consumption or stiffness, although it maintains qualitative relevance due to its execution simplicity and the wide familiarity of the market labor force. It is concluded that there is no universally superior system, but the ribbed slab proved to be the most efficient and rational solution for the typology of the analyzed institutional building.