Formação da autonomia e pensamento crítico na escola: reflexões e sugestão metodológica

Abstract

The purpose of this undergraduate final paper of Philosophy is, at first, to analyze the objectives of Philosophy Teaching in High School as proposed in current official documents, to reflect on whether memorization is an effective method to achieve them. Based on the text "Answer to the question: what is Enlightenment?" (1784) by Immanuel Kant, we will reevaluate the author's concepts in the light of contemporary school education, in addition to dealing with the opposition between private use and public use of reason and the difficulties that arise at this point. Secondly, we will briefly examine some methods pointed out by the Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines for Philosophy and elaborate a methodological suggestion to address the contents of Philosophy in High School, through an attempt to approach the classroom with the theater, which is based on the text “Paradox of Acting” (1773-78; published in 1830), by Denis Diderot. With these analyses of classical authors, carried out with a certain hermeneutic freedom, we believe we can rethink the principles that guide a philosophy class, whether elaborated in a historical or thematic way, and suggest a teaching methodology that addresses philosophical content so significantly for the classroom.