Transporte e exclusão social: um estudo de caso nas áreas rurais e periurbanas da cidade de Itirapina – SP

Abstract

Spatial characteristics are related to the level of mobility and accessibility of people inserted in a given society. In low-density areas, transport faces more specific challenges such as urban sprawling, long-distance travel, and sometimes a precarious road system. These challenges, when associated with some socioeconomic profiles, may create transport disadvantage and inhibition of access to vital activities, and in some cases risk of exclusion. Given that, the main topic of this work is focused on groups of transport disadvantage residents of low-density areas, mainly rural and peri-urban areas. It was also performed analysis in the way socioeconomic profiles affect transport disadvantage and may relate to social exclusion. Data were collected by a survey applied to 75 residents of rural and peri-urban regions of the city of Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS IBM. Results indicate that women, the elderly, students, low-income individuals, lower members in the family structure, unemployed, individuals without driver’s license or automobiles are more susceptible to transport disadvantage. It can be highlighted that individuals without a driver's license present more differences related to transport disadvantage when compared with those with a driver's license. Regarding travel characterization, transport disadvantage individuals present different behavior of trips. They usually present fewer alternatives for their commute regarding transport mode. Also, the ones in transport disadvantage situation tended to perform their commute more often in times in which Transports for Rural Schools were available. This tendency evidenced a higher dependency on this mode of transport. Lastly, it was found a relationship between transport disadvantage and dimensions of social exclusion. After all, this research can benefit the studied area in terms of formulation of transport guidelines and promotion of social inclusion to residents most affected by transport disadvantage.