Sistemas agroflorestais sucessionais: avaliação financeira de um arranjo biodiverso voltado para a agricultura familiar

Abstract

Biodiversity agroforestry systems are structured by agricultural crops and tree species distributed according to their successional group in a given area, in order to enrich a given environment, which can be used for economic purposes, reducing the exploratory harmfulness of a given area. The fact that these integrated and consortium systems do not follow the standards of modern agriculture creates a certain resistance to adoption, mainly because there is little information available about their economic viability. In order to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on this topic, the objective of this work was to evaluate the financial viability of an agroforestry arrangement implemented at the Embrapa Meio Ambiente Agroecological Site, in the city of Jaguariúna. This SAF (Agroforestry System) module was inspired by the model developed at the Sepé Tiaraju Settlement (Serra Azul - SP), on the occasion of the PDRS - Microbacias II project, which had technical support from Embrapa between 2015 and 2017. The evaluated area it has 0.04 hectares, being composed of two lines of fruit trees and a line of native trees for pruning, and in all lines the trees are interspersed with a banana (Musa spp.) every four meters. One line is made up of mombaça (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) grass, while the other line contains fast-growing species, such as green manure, vegetables, corn (Zea mays),, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and manioc (Manihot esculenta).. In order to be able to compare with other studies and systems, the data were extrapolated to one hectare. With the aid of the AmazonSAF spreadsheet, cash flow was calculated for a projected period of ten years, in addition to financial indicators such as VAE, VPL, RB / C, TIR, simple and discounted Payback. Some graphs were also generated that made it possible to better visualize the dynamics between costs, revenues, labor and the influence of each product on the final results. To reduce the sensitivity of the project, which may occur due to the variation in crop productivity, market prices, seasonality, among other multiple factors that interfere in the results, new indicators were generated through the simulation of a pessimistic scenario, in which they were considered prices found in wholesale markets. The scenario that considered direct sale values presented the TIR 62.48%, VPL of R $ 467,216.02, VAE of 31,537.67, Payback of 4 years and RB /C of 2.7. In the pessimist scenario, TIR of 34.18%, VPL of R$ 232,120.01, VAE of R$ 31,537.67, 5 years in payback and RB/C 1.9. The indicators showed that, in both scenarios, the agroforestry arrangement proved not only financially viable, but is also attractive for possible investments.