Avaliação da qualidade do solo em manejo agroflorestal utilizando a Cromatografia Circular de Pfeiffer e indicadores microbiológicos

Abstract

Pfeiffer's Circular Chromatography (PCC) is a qualitative indicator of soil, of low cost, accessible and has shown great potential in studies in Agroecology. Among the various types of agroecological management there are the Agroforestry Systems (SAF), which are a set of agricultural practices that reproduce the ecological processes of the forest together with food production while restoring soil quality and ecosystem services. To monitor the changes caused by agroforestry management in the soil, are used indicators of soil quality, with emphasis on bioindicators, mainly microorganisms, which respond quickly to environmental changes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the soil quality of an Agroforestry System with different forms of management, during the period of 12 months using microbiological indicators and chemical parameters of the soil, correlated with the PCC. The study area is located on the UFSCar Sorocaba-SP campus divided into the plots: SAF control, managed SAF, pasture and Atlantic Forest Fragment. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10- 20 cm, in the dry and rainy seasons. Soil samples were analyzed using PCC and the indicators: total mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, total fungi, pH, moisture and organic matter. No significant differences were found between the sampling depths 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for all indicators in all sampled plots. It was found that there was no significant difference between the control SAF and the managed SAF, in the studied period, for all the analyzed indicators. PCC, total mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi were sensitive to seasonality between the dry and rainy seasons. There was a positive correlation demonstrated by the central zone (aeration zone) of the PCC, with organic matter and soil moisture. Thus, the intensity of the management applied in the Experimental SAF was not sufficient to cause significant changes in the quality of the soil, during the evaluated period.