Análise espacial de parâmetros ecológicos para a conservação de aves marinhas no litoral do estado de São Paulo

Abstract

There are four taxonomy orders of marine birds commonly found in Brazil (Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes). Habitat modifications are the main cause for its populational decrease, in which nesting and foraging sites are the most decisive for species ecology and, simultaneously, the most afected by antropic interference. The present study aims to evaluate the spacial distribution of marine birds ecologic parameters at São Paulo’s sheashore for the discussion of conservational strategies propositons to the group. From the study area, set out by all of 15 paulista coastline counties, data collection was executed through Sistema de Informação de Monitoramento da Biota Aquática (SIMBA), accountable for archiving the marine tetrapods registers of Projeto de Monitoramento de Praias da Bacia de Santos (PMP-BS). Only the Birds occurrences were taken, between August 20, 2019 and April 26, 2021. Attribute analysis was proceeded in GIS environment (Geographical Information System) and through descriptive statistics based on two fundamental ecologic parameters (foraging habits and reproductive seasonality). Tables and tematic cartographic products were created (coastal region, foraging habits and reproductive seasonality), crossing individual geographical coordinates and aplying the rescue date of each one of them as criteria to validate its presence at paulista seashore. 36 species and 4.395 individuals of marine birds were registered, specially at Ilha Comprida. They were classified in five foraging habits (cleptoparasitism, diving, scavenging, pecking and surface fishing) and four southern breeding seasons (spring, summer, autumm and winter). For foraging habits, surface fishing was the most abundant on the amount of species (n=14), while diving was the most abundant on the number of individuals (n=3.366). For reproductive seasonality, the most abundant season was spring (n=26 species). Spatial analysis sugests that the distribution of marine birds at São Paulo state seashore it's reasonably in agreement with the biology of the species. The main conservation strategies proposed are the diversification of the target fauna in focus through environmental education actions, the elaboration of protocols for limits on visitation to the municipalities on the coast of São Paulo, especially in seasons, and the revision of the Management Plans of the corresponding marine APAs.