Análise dos conteúdos de sistemática filogenética e taxonomia nos Livros Didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio aprovados pelo PNLD 2018

Abstract

The Textbook is an important tool in the classroom that allows building a scientific perspective by promoting a continuous and critical understanding of texts, visually appealing illustrations and technical language. Despite the guidelines established by the “Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD)” – the National Programme of Textbooks - on conceptual and political standards and methodologies that consolidate the teaching and learning process, textbooks may present gaps and limitations that include the fragmentation of subjects, outdated information and lack of context. These material limitations can be noticed within biology textbooks in chapters related to the classification systems of organisms and the evolutionary aspects of biodiversity. From this perspective, the present study aimed to analyze the contents of Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Systematics in five Textbooks made available by the PNLD. The results demonstrate the weaknesses and strengths of each work based on historical and contextualized panorama criteria and, in this sense, according to the topics analyzed herein, the Textbooks “Contato Biologia” by Leandro Pereira de Godoy and Marcela Yaemi Ogo and “Bio” by Sônia Lopes and Sergio Rosso were the most complete. Finally, the “Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)”, the national normative standardizing a Common Curriculum could be clearer regarding the themes of Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Systematics, as the official document addresses the skills related to this important area of Biology in a superficial and scattered way.