Financiamento climático: eficácia institucional do Fundo Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima do Brasil

Abstract

There is consensus among climate researchers that global warming is caused by human actions, including population size, economic activity, lifestyle, energy use, land use patterns, technology and climate policy, and that continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could further increase the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, with the possibility of severe and irreversible impacts for all beings. Aiming to stimulate resilience to climate change, public and private organizations have intensified climate mitigation and adaptation actions, creating policies and institutional arrangements to implement climate finance. To manage the flow of climate finance some countries have already created National Climate Funds (NCFs), responsible for channelling and coordinating the various sources of resources (national, private, bilateral, multilateral and donations) and priority actions. In 2009, the National Fund on Climate Change (FNMC) was created in Brazil as a climate finance intermediary, with the purpose of guaranteeing resources to support projects, studies and undertakings aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change and its effects. Although research on climate change and climate finance has increased, especially in 2021, there are still few empirical studies documenting experiences with climate finance funds. In order to contribute to this gap, this research verifies the challenges for the institutional effectiveness of the FNMC, through the qualitative analysis of 80 documents, considering 21 indicators divided into 05 categories: Legal and Regulatory Framework; Resource Mobilization and Sustainability; Governance and Resource Allocation; Monitoring and Evaluation; and Accountability and Transparency. The results revealed that its institutional effectiveness is critical, since none of the categories meets 100% of its indicators, with Resource Mobilization and Sustainability being its weakest point. This research does not give a definitive answer on the institutional effectiveness of the FNMC, but provides a better view of the problems and facilities related to its organizational capacity.