Influência dos parâmetros de tratamentos térmicos de um aço maraging 350
Abstract
Maraging steels combine ultra-high strength (1500 – 2450 MPa of tensile strength) with
excellent toughness (50 – 240 MPa√𝑚) and are widely used in aerospace and military
applications. Unlike other high strength steels hardened by reactions involving carbon,
maraging steels achieve great hardness by the precipitation of intermetallic compounds of Ni,
Mo and Ti on a soft martensitic matrix, during aging heat treatment. The exposure of these
materials to extended times or excessive temperatures (overaging) leads to the excessive
coarsening and growth of the precipitates and the partial reversion of the martensite to
austenite, one of the equilibrium phases at room temperature. These reactions have great
effect on the material’s mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, ductility and
toughness, hence the comprehension of the phenomena which occur during heat treatment
operations becomes extremely relevant. In the present work, the influence of the heat
treatment’s parameters – solution treatment temperature, aging temperature and aging time
– on the microstructure, hardness and martensite reversion was evaluated for a class 350
maraging steel. The austenite content of the samples was estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD)
technique, supported by ferritoscope results. Solution temperatures over 900 °C resulted in
intense grain growth of the previous austenite, hardness reduction and reversed austenite
content reduction. Aging at 600 °C for 12 h resulted in 40 % of reversed austenite, highest
level amongst the conditions evaluated. Austenite reversion kinetics was proven to be
dependent on aging temperature and time. Peak hardness – condition with hardness of 60
HRC and 5 % of reverted austenite – was achieved by aging at 480 °C for 5 h, with hardness
retention level for at least 50 h of aging time. This behavior indicates the possibility of usage
of a shorter thermal cycle than the commercially applied for this steel, as well as the potential
application at this temperature for prolonged times without overaging
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