Quem eles devem ser, quem eles querem ser e quem eles são: Os deslocamentos das identidades nacionais em Enquanto os dentes (2017) e Todos nós adorávamos caubóis (2013)

Abstract

This master's dissertation starts from the cross-analysis between the epistemology of political and difference theory and classifies nationalism (ANDERSON, 2008; HOBSBAWM, 1990) as a phenomenon that implies the crisis of non-hegemonic identities (DUBAR, 2009; APPIAH, 2018). It selected homoaffetivity as one of these excluded identities and conceptualizes the crisis of these identities in the face of the novels Enquanto os dentes (2017), Carlos Eduardo Pereira's, and Todos nós adorávamos caubóis (2013), Carol Bensimon's. Split into two theoretical and one analytical chapter, this dissertation begins with the conceptualization of nationalism and the construction of national states (ANDERSON, 2008; HOBSBAWM, 1990; HALL, 2006; CANCLINI, 2015). Following those principles, it was applied to the Brazillian reality in the face of its consolidation as a national state, with their reflections in the literature (SANTIAGO, 2019 a, 2019 b; CANDIDO, 2006, 2000; SCHWARZ, 2014, 1987; SUSSEKIND, 2005; DALCASTAGNÈ, 2002). In chapter two, this dissertation approaches the constructions of the epistemology of differences (CONNEL, 2012, 2020; HALL, 2017) and the underpinnings of what are considered conflicting identity crises (APPIAH, 2018; HALL, 2014). At the end of the theoretical analysis, it is possible to understand the conceptions of power and the places that homoafetive identities occupy (BUTLER e SPIVAK, 2020; BUTLER, 2017). After finalizing the punctuation of the conditions of homoafetive literature in the contemporary Brazilian scenario (POLESSO, 2018; DALCASTAGNÈ, 2012), under which it is argued that identity constitutions depart from moralistic demands of the social body and the intellectuality, intercedes in the analysis of the objects. In this sense, it was established that other discursive devices question the literary canon and reflect the place that homo-affective people occupy in Brazilian society. From this, the dissertation concludes that the identities of the protagonists Antônio, Cora, and Julia, are the results of this exploration and lie alongside the homogenizing and discriminatory character of the ideological rhetoric that structures the Brazilian nation-states. That is, this work demonstrates how the state apparatuses and their segregative ideologies are oriented towards domination and normalization of homo-affective bodies.